Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1924. / Reproduction of original from Minnesota University Law Library. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1924.

Thèse--Université de Toulouse. / "Bibliographie": p. [7].

Thesis (LL.M.) -- University of Adelaide, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, Discipline of History, 2005? / Bibliography: leaves [1-9] (appended).

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mostrar como o cenário socioeconômico brasileiro da segunda metade do séc. XIX clamava pela organização e modernização do sistema registral imobiliário, a fim de que a terra se inserisse definitivamente na esfera de circulação de capital, passando a ter valor de mercado e a substituir a propriedade escrava na garantia do financiamento agrícola. Focando-se especificamente na questão de terras e na tentativa de instituição do Registro Torrens, esta pesquisa teve ainda por objetivo demonstrar como as tentativas progressistas de reforma, surgidas no início da República graças a um vácuo político ocasionado pela fragilidade da aliança republicana, foram barradas pelo processo constituinte de 1891, liderado por forças políticas federalistas. Além disso, buscou-se aqui também demonstrar como o reaproveitamento e a distorção das normas da Lei de Terras pelos governos republicanos estaduais possibilitaram uma política de terras liberalizante, cujos beneficiários eram cuidadosamente selecionados, de acordo com seu status e com seu alinhamento com o poder regional. / The present work had the goal of showing in which manner the brazilian social-economic setting in the second half of the XIXth century clamored for the organization and modernization of the real-state registry system, in order to definitively insert land into the sphere of circulating assets, acquire market value, and replace slave property as guarantees jn agricultural financing. Focusing specifically in the matter of land an in the attempt to institute the Torrens Registry, this research also aimed to demonstrate how progressivist attempts of reform, born in the beginning of the Republic due to a political vacuum occasioned by the fragility of the Republican Alliance, were barred by the Constituent process of 1891, led by federalist political forces. Furthermore, it was here sought to demonstrate as well how the availing and distortion of Lei de Terras\' norms by republican state governments made possible a land liberalizing policy, whose beneficiaries were carefully selected, in accordance with their status and with their alignment with regional power.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mostrar como o cenário socioeconômico brasileiro da segunda metade do séc. XIX clamava pela organização e modernização do sistema registral imobiliário, a fim de que a terra se inserisse definitivamente na esfera de circulação de capital, passando a ter valor de mercado e a substituir a propriedade escrava na garantia do financiamento agrícola. Focando-se especificamente na questão de terras e na tentativa de instituição do Registro Torrens, esta pesquisa teve ainda por objetivo demonstrar como as tentativas progressistas de reforma, surgidas no início da República graças a um vácuo político ocasionado pela fragilidade da aliança republicana, foram barradas pelo processo constituinte de 1891, liderado por forças políticas federalistas. Além disso, buscou-se aqui também demonstrar como o reaproveitamento e a distorção das normas da Lei de Terras pelos governos republicanos estaduais possibilitaram uma política de terras liberalizante, cujos beneficiários eram cuidadosamente selecionados, de acordo com seu status e com seu alinhamento com o poder regional. / The present work had the goal of showing in which manner the brazilian social-economic setting in the second half of the XIXth century clamored for the organization and modernization of the real-state registry system, in order to definitively insert land into the sphere of circulating assets, acquire market value, and replace slave property as guarantees jn agricultural financing. Focusing specifically in the matter of land an in the attempt to institute the Torrens Registry, this research also aimed to demonstrate how progressivist attempts of reform, born in the beginning of the Republic due to a political vacuum occasioned by the fragility of the Republican Alliance, were barred by the Constituent process of 1891, led by federalist political forces. Furthermore, it was here sought to demonstrate as well how the availing and distortion of Lei de Terras\' norms by republican state governments made possible a land liberalizing policy, whose beneficiaries were carefully selected, in accordance with their status and with their alignment with regional power.

Includes bibliographical references. The origins of the Torrens System of land registration are not clear. Examines the claim of Dr. Ulrich Hübbe who asserted that he collaborated with Torrens to bring about the adoption of the land law of his hometown Hamburg in the form of the Real Property Act 1858 (SA). An historical examination (collecting and analysing all relevant historical sources), shows that it is likely that Hübbe was the actual draftsman, while a comparative legal analysis (contrasting Hamburg's land law at the beginning of the 19th century with the first bill of the Act) demonstrates that there is a strong similarity between Hamburg's land registration system and the original Torrens System; and, that the outstanding differences between the systems can be explained by the natural adaptation processes which are implied by the adoption of laws.

Thermal stratification occurs in shallow water bodies because solar energy separates the water column into an upper warm layer, a lower cold layer, and an intermediate layer between the upper and lower layers. In general the intermediate layer exhibits a significant thermal gradient over depth. Because cold water is heavier than warm water, this temperature structure produces a stable stratification, thereby inhibiting circulation from the bottom to the surface. This stable stratification results in a deficit of dissolved oxygen in the lower layer leading to water quality problems. Hence understanding the thermal structure and vertical circulation in shallow water bodies is important for water quality and its management. In this research, a numerical code is developed to examine the three-dimensional flow structure in shallow water bodies. This numerical code is used to solve the governing equations : the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations for three velocities and pressure, the depth-averaged continuity equation for free surface movement, the equations for turbulence closure, the scalar transport equation for temperature, and the international equation of state for density variation due to temperature. These equations are solved simultaneously using a finite difference method. The mathematical equations are transformed into a generalised coordinate system which allows flexibility for irregular boundaries and the allocation of vertical grid points every time step depending on free surface movements. In order to overcome possible numerical instabilities because of the small vertical length scale in shallow water bodies, an implicit method is used in the vertical direction. Several test cases involving free surface movement are used to verify the numerical code, and numerical solutions compare favourably against analytical solutions and measured data. The numerical code has been applied to the Torrens Lake in Adelaide, South Australia, where algal blooms occur frequently in summer due to thermal stratification. Typical thermal structures have been obtained from the model and these are compared with field data. The current code has been developed to improve upon existing commercial models which may not adequately address shallow water flows because of the high computational burden required to resolve free surface movements and consequential difficulties encountered for models with a small vertical length scale. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Mathematical Sciences, 2007.