In dimensional metrology, contact and non-contact measurement methods each have their own respective strengths and weaknesses. Touch-trigger probes have low uncertainty, and perform well inside deep holes, but have a relatively slow data acquisition speed. By contrast, non-contact digitizers collect high density surface point clouds in seconds, and are much less likely to suffer from sensor collision with the part, but have a higher uncertainty than touch probes. In sheet metal forming, iterative design of the stamping die is needed due to the springback of the sheet metal part. Holes or other features of first article parts may be significantly out of tolerance, so the tactile measurement path created from the Computer Aided Design (CAD) nominal has to be adjusted to avoid cosine error. In more serious cases, probe collisions or missed touches may occur. When measuring holes in thin sheet metal, determination of the touch probe path height is also a challenge if the actual surface location differs from the nominal. To solve this problem and seize the complimentary advantages of contact and non-contact measurement methods, a multi-sensor blue Light Emitting Diode (LED) snapshot sensor and touch-trigger probe inspection system was developed, and affixed to a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The tactile measurement path was adjusted according to the approximate positions and sizes of the features obtained from the scanner data. The system includes an in-house designed calibration target for scanner calibration and a lightweight 2-axis rotary table for multiple-orientation scanning as well. Software in programming language C for interacting with the scanner and the CMM was developed. A sample stamped sheet metal automobile part was experimentally measured. This system is currently applied to an orthogonal CMM. Suggested future works include implementation on non-Cartesian CMMs, such as articulated arm CMMs, or Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-05-23T14:51:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7468223 bytes, checksum: d6989870b5f353c5592a40ac6ebb0333 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T14:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7468223 bytes, checksum: d6989870b5f353c5592a40ac6ebb0333 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-07 / For many years the power transmission and movement for gears has been an important technology in the automotive, mechanical and aeronautical industries, justifying the considerable number of research carried out under the quality control of these components. Nowadays, involute profile inspections of cylindrical gears have been carried out using CNC Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) with rotary tables and dedicated measurement software, equipped with contact scanning sensors, Touch Trigger Probes – TTP or non-contact, Laser. However, many companies that manufacture and inspect gears use manual CMMs with point to point sensors, thus being unable to issue the profile deviation report. In respect, the motivation for this research is to develop and validate inspection strategies for determining the Total Profile Deviation (Fα) of spur gears, according to ISO 1328, using of a mathematical tool NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) and CMMs manual. Strategies for changing the NURBS weight parameter wi also were applied to assist in inspection definition procedure, and this is one more degree of freedom. In the first moment, before the execution of experimental procedures, simulations were carried out on a computational system and showed satisfactory results. For the experimental tests, a manual CMM MICRO-HITE 3D model was used with point to point sensor. Simulations and experimental results showed that the NURBS technique contributes to manual CMM application using Touch Trigger Probes in measuring the spur gears involute profile. The experimental results showed the methodology efficacy. / Por muitos anos a transmissão de movimento e de potência por engrenagens tem sido uma tecnologia importante nas indústrias automotiva, mecânica e aeronáutica, justificando assim a considerável quantidade de pesquisas realizadas no âmbito do controle de qualidade destes componentes. Atualmente, inspeções dos perfis evolventes de engrenagens cilíndricas vêm sendo realizadas utilizando Máquinas de Medição por Coordenadas (MMCs) CNC com mesas rotativas e softwares de medição dedicados, equipadas com sensores por contato de escaneamento, do tipo Touch Trigger Probe – TTP, ou sem contato, Laser. Porém, muitas empresas que fabricam e inspecionam engrenagens utilizam MMCs manuais com sensores do tipo ponto a ponto, ficando assim impossibilitadas de emitir o relatório de desvio de perfil. Neste sentido, a motivação para esta pesquisa é desenvolver e validar estratégias de inspeção para determinação do Desvio Total de Perfil (Fα) de engrenagens cilíndrica de dentes retos, segundo a norma ISO 1328, fazendo o uso da ferramenta matemática NURBS (Non – Uniform Rational B-Splines) e de MMCs manuais. Estratégias para alteração do parâmetro peso wi das NURBS também serão aplicadas para auxiliar na definição do procedimento de inspeção, sendo este um grau de liberdade a mais do modelo. No primeiro momento, antes da execução dos procedimentos experimentais, simulações foram realizadas em um sistema computacional, e apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. Para os testes experimentais foi utilizada uma MMC manual modelo MICRO-HITE 3D, com sensor do tipo ponto a ponto. Resultados de simulações e experimentais mostraram que a técnica NURBS contribui para aplicação de MMC manual usando sensor Touch Trigger na medição do perfil evolvente de engrenagens cilíndricas de dentes retos. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram a eficácia da metodologia desenvolvida.

Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) have been widely used in industry in order to determine the form / dimensional tolerances of workpieces with very complicated geometrical shapes. Therefore, CMM is an important tool during the manufacturing and quality control phases. Workpiece to be measured on a CMM is probed via touch trigger probe through its stylus tip. In other words, by virtue of the touch trigger probes CMM can acquire the dimensional data of the workpiece that is to be measured. Therefore the probe has become the most vital and fundamental part of the CMM. In this thesis, a novel type of touch trigger probe / scanning probe is proposed. The proposed probe can also be used as a scanning probe for different applications. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a novel type of touch trigger / scanning probe that has different kinematic stage and sensing stage than the other probes currently used in the industry. Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors are used for building the sensing stage of the proposed probe. GMR sensors are selected due to their outstanding sensitivity to small disturbances. Furthermore, in order to test the proposed probe / an anvil gauge setup is designed and proposed in this study. Finally, proposed probe is tested on a three-axis computer controlled electrical discharge machine (EDM), and the results acquired from those experiments are discussed.

This thesis concerns the technological processes of machining of thin-walled parts and the modification of said processes in dependence on the following interopera-tive measurement of the real dimensions of these parts. Within the theoretical part a research study of technological possibilities of measuring thin-walled parts and principles of probe programming are presented. In the main practical part of the the-sis a proposal of an experiment is described, which tests the individual technologi-cal steps and their influence on the quality of a prototype of the produced thin-walled part. Numerical (NC) codes are created using parametric programming, which are then used during the realization of the experiment itself. In the conclusi-on there are presented and discussed the results of measuring of the machined surfaces and the influence of correction paths, which should help to achieve a mo-re accurate production according to given dimensions. This experiment, however, has not met the expected results. That is why new procedures have been designed in order to create said paths, which can be used in a future realization of this expe-riment.

This diploma thesis focuses on the application of measuring probes in the machining process. The main goal of the thesis is to create sample procedures for measuring cycles and functions in a CNC machining process using MCV 1210 and selected measuring software. In the first part of the thesis available methods of machine measurement are outlined with a great emphasis on the description of measurement principles, construction, and measurement signal transmission methods between tool probes and the workpiece. The second part of the thesis deals with the application of measuring probes in the machining of the designed test piece using the Productivity+TM and Sinumerik ShopMill softwares. The work also includes an economic evaluation of the profit of an investment in the mentioned measuring equipment.

This master's thesis focuses on the use of the Renishaw's Equator gauging system in cooperation with the industrial robot. The target is to design the robotized workcell which contains these two products. Robot acts as a manipulator for inserting and sorting out the workpieces into the "good" and "bad" pallets according to measured results from the Equator. Equator uses a parallel kinematics and probing system which is normally used on coordinate measuring machines. Therefore there is the introduction to the parallel and serial kinematic structures, to the problems of the coordinate measuring machines in the first part of this thesis. It was made a separation of the probing systems into a few basic categories, description of the typical representatives of these categories and of the other important accessories of the coordinate measuring machines, too. The second part of the thesis contains a description of the Equator gauging system, the industrial robot which I used and their accessories. In this part is mentioned a few examples of measurement automation in industry practice, too. The third part devotes to the design of the robotized workcell and contains all the important requirements for the realization.