Clinicians have described the success rates of dental implants. The use of implants is projected to increase in the future. With a 5-10% failure rate, it is unclear the exact factors that are associated with implant failures. To improve upon these success rates, it is critical to understand parameters associated with implant failure including: periodontitis, peri-implantitis, systemic diseases, site preparation, dental history of the implant site, bone quality, materials, occlusion, and treatment timelines. While bone quality is associated with failure, objective measures to assess bone quality and characteristics are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether possible comorbidities, associated dental parameters, and measurable bone quality are possible predictors of implant failure. In this study, we utilized the electronic health record system axiUm® to retrospectively investigate non-failed (NF) and failed (F) dental implants from a patient cohort with 149 implants placed between 2012-2015 at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry. A chart review was conducted extracting information on age, gender, systemic diseases, smoking, occlusal trauma, parafunction, bone grafting history, treatment timelines, implant site/type/placement protocol, infection, torque at placement, bone quality and microarchitecture assessed by the novel, innovative technology: trabecular bone score (TBS). A total of 149 implants, 46 failures and 105 non-failed controls, were selected based on similar implant sites. Preliminary data obtained from analysis suggests that average time from implant placement to failure was 6.6 months (0.55 years). Parafunction habit (p=0.0202) and increased number of implants (p=0.0478) were found to be associated with increased implant failure.

Les buts de cette thèse étaient de définir les déterminants de la santé osseuse chez les jeunes femmes en surpoids et obèses et d'explorer les effets de deux programmes longitudinaux d'entraînement physique (force vs. endurance) sur les paramètres osseux chez les jeunes femmes en surpoids et obèses. Deux études préliminaires et six études principales ont été menées. La première étude préliminaire a montré que la VO2 max (L/mn) est un déterminant positif de la masse osseuse chez les enfants en surpoids. La deuxième étude préliminaire a démontré que l'IMC est un déterminant négatif du CSI, du BSI et de l'ISI chez les jeunes femmes. La première étude principale a montré que l'obésité est associée à de faibles valeurs de CSI, de BSI et d'ISI chez les jeunes femmes. La deuxième étude principale a montré que la VO2 max (ml/mn/kg) est positivement corrélée au CSI et à l'ISI chez les jeunes femmes. La troisième et la quatrième étude ont montré que la surcharge pondérale est associée à une augmentation du CMO et de la DMO mais pas du TBS et que le TBS est corrélé positivement à la VO2 max (L/mn). La cinquième étude principale chez 68 jeunes femmes en surpoids et obèses a montré que la détente verticale, la VO2 max (L/mn), la puissance maximale (watts) et la force maximale en demi-squat sont positivement corrélées aux paramètres osseux chez les jeunes femmes en surpoids et obèses. La sixième étude principale a montré que les deux types d'entrainement physique (force et endurance) sont efficaces pour augmenter le CMO CE et la DMO lombaire et diminuer le poids et la masse grasse. L'entrainement de force était aussi efficace pour l'augmentation du TBS et les indices de résistance osseuse du col fémoral (CSI, BSI et ISI). / The aims of this thesis were to define the determinants of bone health in young overweight and obese men and to explore the effects of two physical training programs (strength vs. endurance) on bone parameters in young overweight and obese women. Two preliminary studies and six main studies have been conducted. The first preliminary study has shown that VO2 max (L/mn) is a positive determinant of bone mass in overweight children. The second preliminary study has shown that BMI is a negative determinant of CSI, BSI and ISI in young women. The first main study has shown that obesity is associated with lower CSI, BSI and ISI values in young women. The second main study has shown that VO2 max (L/mn) is positively correlated to CSI and ISI in young women. The third and the fourth study have shown that being overweight is associated with higher BMC and BMD values but not with TBS values and that TBS is positively associated with VO2 max (L/mn). The fifth main study conducted on 68 young overweight and obese women has shown that vertical jump, VO2 max (L/min), maximal power (watts) and 1-RM half-squat are positively correlated with bone parameters in overweight and obese adult women. The sixth main study has shown that the two training programs (strength and endurance) are effective to increase whole body BMC and lumbar spine BMD, and to decrease body weight and fat mass. Strength training was also effective to increase TBS and composite indices of femoral neck strength (CSI, BSI and ISI)