Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1983. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-216). Also available on the World Wide Web.

The trade mechanisms joining the Mycenaean Aegean to the greater Levant have intrigued and eluded Bronze Age scholarship since the earliest discoveries of foreign objects in Mycenaean burials. In the past decade, topics of interregional trade in the eastern Mediterranean have enjoyed renewed discussions, inspired in no small part by the excavation of the Uluburun shipwreck. Data generated from the shipwreck is amounting to an extraordinary body of evidence for contact between the Aegean and the Near East. The proposed Mycenaean presence on board the Uluburun ship requires that the sum of evidence and hypotheses for trade between the two regions be re-examined. By attempting to demonstrate the role the Mycenaeans had performed on the last journey of the Uluburun ship, an important mechanism of trade may be revealed between the Aegean and Semitic worlds.

Abstract The processing trade for China is based on the policy of exporting products to foreign countries while executing a bonding policy onto exported and imported materials and merchandise to increase competitions in the market. The taxation¡Blabour regulations¡Bforeign exchange control¡Bregulations and custom bookkeeping system of China are different from many countries, while the processing trade within China is a local economical activity, There is no consistent regulation established by the government for processing trade, Nevertheless, it has been executed through tentative policies and/or notification, Yet, it¡¦s still been persistently rectified, In the meantime , governing regulation have been widely prevailed among fields of customs¡Btrading¡Btaxation and accounting, which makes outsider difficult to understand. The aim of this study is to clarify the influence on the businesses type of processing trade resulting from the industrial policies and regulations of the Chinese government, and how S&M Enterprises should examine key elements of their businesses based on the industrial policies of the Chinese government, and choose an appropriate strategy to processing trade with their core specialties. Through qualitative research, the interviews with key figures in individual companies, and re-evaluation by other professionals, this study thoroughly examines the degree of influence on each type of processing trade from the seven key elements of business: industrial policies of the government¡B organization and human resources¡B taxation¡B finance¡B foreign exchange control¡B custom bookkeeping¡B market and quality control. Through inductive analysis, this study will make the following contributions to companies that either own or are considering the acquisition of a business to processing trade in China: • Contribution to literature¡Xreferences for running a business. • Contribution to evaluating the influence on the types of processing trade from the key elements of business¡Xa fish bone diagram of the key elements for the types of processing trade¡Xa strategic map. • Contribution to the analysis of key elements that are not appropriate for starting an effort to processing trade¡X self examination. • Contribution to the analysis and study of choosing key elements of the types of processing trade¡Xhelping management make the best decisions. [Key words] Processing trade, bonding policy

This thesis analyses the impact of trade openness on urbanization in eastern China during the period of 1987 to 2005. The theoretical framework shows that open trade has a positive impact on growth of urban population, because trade serve as a factor that creates great job opportunities. According to the descriptive data, the massive rural-urban migrations are mostly concentrated in the eastern coastline of China where trade was started. Previous studies concluded that there is a positive relationship between trade openness and urbani-zation.Our study is based on a set of panel data from the period of 1987 to 2005 within 6 coast-line provinces. After running 4 different regressions we found that, 3 of the regression models revealed positive and statistically significant at 1% results, which suggest that the impact of trade openness on urbanization is positive.

This study sought to identify factors that deterred employees of the Saskatchewan Apprenticeship and Trade Certification Commission from accessing the training and development fund for personal and professional development. The researcher used an instrument modeled on Darkenwald and Valentines (1985) Deterrents to Participation Scale (DPS-G) and incorporated the Rosenberg (1965) Self-Esteem Scale and Robitschek (1998) Personal Growth Initiative Scale to investigate employee perceptions of deterrents to participation. For purposes of this study, participation was defined as enrolment in a course, workshop, seminar or training program for which the employee had requested prior approval and reimbursement of expenses from their employer. <p>Principal components analysis identified the combined category and factor, workplace issues as having the greatest potential for decreasing deterrents to participation for Commission employees. Results indicated (1) the mean score on the item personal growth initiative was significantly lower for respondents with one year of post secondary education than for both respondents with two years and greater than four years of education after high school; (2) the mean score on the item personal growth initiative was significantly lower for respondents in the office and clerical occupational category than for all other Commission work groups. <p>Another significant factor was that thirty-two percent of Commission staffs were eligible to retire within five years. Sixty-six percent of staffs were between the ages of forty-six and sixty. Survey data revealed the mean score on the item lack of relevance was significantly lower for respondents with greater than ten years until retirement than for respondents with three to five years until retirement. This result was anticipated, as Martindale and Drake (1989) clearly indicated that the closer one was to retirement, the less relevant education for career became. Marginally significant difference in the mean score on the item lack of relevance between respondents with one to two years until retirement and those with three to five years revealed a contradicting hypothesis. Participation in education, training, and development was less relevant to persons with three to five years until retirement than for those expecting to retire in one to two years. Personal and family constraints also influenced employee participation in educational opportunities. <p>In order for the Commission to become a learning organization as indicated in the Draft Human Resource and Organizational Learning Strategy, 2003, innovative strategies are required to include all staffs in training and development. Thus, by identifying a framework of deterrents, the Commission could use this checklist as a tool in future planning and policy development efforts related to staff professional development. Participation by Commission employees in surveys related to this study has increased their awareness of opportunities to participate in personal and professional growth initiatives.

The thesis presents research on participation of interest groups in the Canadian trade policy making process that has relatively recently been extended to include non-business interest groups who now participate in the process that was previously limited to government officials and business groups representatives. The research examines how both business and non-business groups perceive their participation in this process. To achieve this aim, interviews with two representatives of business groups and two representatives of non-business groups were conducted. The resulting data include information about groups motives for engagement in the Canadian trade policy making process, the perceived effects Canadian institutions have on interest groups participation in the process, and whether, and if so how, the extension of the process to include non-business groups has changed the lobbying strategies of business groups. The research results allow the author to test contradictory propositions about interest groups participation in the process found in literature and to arrive at a more accurate model of groups involvement in the Canadian trade policy making process.

Trade shows, a powerful tool to introduce and sell products and services, need to attract, hold, persuade and inform visitors. In trade shows, well-designed social spaces can facilitate active communications and interactions between exhibitors and visitors. Besides being amenities to retain visitors, social spaces can balance or re-stimulate visitors’ emotion. Based on the interdisciplinary exploration of urbanism, environmental psychology, and exhibition design, the practicum proposes a new strategy of organization for exhibition layout, structured by social spaces in various scales and levels. Case studies of existing trade shows identify the context and design factors in existing social spaces. The understanding of human behaviour and activities determines an appropriate configuration of social spaces. Systematic programming will delineate the context relating to the practicum topic. The final product is to find appropriate solutions and approachable settings to develop effective social spaces within a public trade show, improving the comprehensive quality of exhibitions. / February 2005

No description available.

This study sought to identify factors that deterred employees of the Saskatchewan Apprenticeship and Trade Certification Commission from accessing the training and development fund for personal and professional development. The researcher used an instrument modeled on Darkenwald and Valentines (1985) Deterrents to Participation Scale (DPS-G) and incorporated the Rosenberg (1965) Self-Esteem Scale and Robitschek (1998) Personal Growth Initiative Scale to investigate employee perceptions of deterrents to participation. For purposes of this study, participation was defined as enrolment in a course, workshop, seminar or training program for which the employee had requested prior approval and reimbursement of expenses from their employer. <p>Principal components analysis identified the combined category and factor, workplace issues as having the greatest potential for decreasing deterrents to participation for Commission employees. Results indicated (1) the mean score on the item personal growth initiative was significantly lower for respondents with one year of post secondary education than for both respondents with two years and greater than four years of education after high school; (2) the mean score on the item personal growth initiative was significantly lower for respondents in the office and clerical occupational category than for all other Commission work groups. <p>Another significant factor was that thirty-two percent of Commission staffs were eligible to retire within five years. Sixty-six percent of staffs were between the ages of forty-six and sixty. Survey data revealed the mean score on the item lack of relevance was significantly lower for respondents with greater than ten years until retirement than for respondents with three to five years until retirement. This result was anticipated, as Martindale and Drake (1989) clearly indicated that the closer one was to retirement, the less relevant education for career became. Marginally significant difference in the mean score on the item lack of relevance between respondents with one to two years until retirement and those with three to five years revealed a contradicting hypothesis. Participation in education, training, and development was less relevant to persons with three to five years until retirement than for those expecting to retire in one to two years. Personal and family constraints also influenced employee participation in educational opportunities. <p>In order for the Commission to become a learning organization as indicated in the Draft Human Resource and Organizational Learning Strategy, 2003, innovative strategies are required to include all staffs in training and development. Thus, by identifying a framework of deterrents, the Commission could use this checklist as a tool in future planning and policy development efforts related to staff professional development. Participation by Commission employees in surveys related to this study has increased their awareness of opportunities to participate in personal and professional growth initiatives.

The thesis presents research on participation of interest groups in the Canadian trade policy making process that has relatively recently been extended to include non-business interest groups who now participate in the process that was previously limited to government officials and business groups representatives. The research examines how both business and non-business groups perceive their participation in this process. To achieve this aim, interviews with two representatives of business groups and two representatives of non-business groups were conducted. The resulting data include information about groups motives for engagement in the Canadian trade policy making process, the perceived effects Canadian institutions have on interest groups participation in the process, and whether, and if so how, the extension of the process to include non-business groups has changed the lobbying strategies of business groups. The research results allow the author to test contradictory propositions about interest groups participation in the process found in literature and to arrive at a more accurate model of groups involvement in the Canadian trade policy making process.