The work in this thesis is separated into two parts. The first part deals with the load planning and sequencing problem for double-stack intermodal railcars, an operational problem found at many rail container terminals. In this problem, containers must be assigned to a platform on which the container will be loaded, and the loading order must be determined. These decisions are made with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with handling the containers, as well as minimizing the cost of containers left behind. The deterministic version of the problem can be cast as a shortest path problem on an ordered graph. This problem is challenging to solve because of the large size of the graph. We propose a two-stage heuristic based on the Iterative Deepening A* algorithm to compute solutions to the load planning and sequencing problem within a five-minute time budget. Next, we also illustrate how a Deep Q-learning algorithm can be used to heuristically solve the same problem.The second part of this thesis considers sequential models in deep learning. A recent strategy to circumvent the exploding and vanishing gradient problem in recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is to enforce recurrent weight matrices to be orthogonal or unitary. While this ensures stable dynamics during training, it comes at the cost of reduced expressivity due to the limited variety of orthogonal transformations. We propose a parameterization of RNNs, based on the Schur decomposition, that mitigates the exploding and vanishing gradient problem, while allowing for non-orthogonal recurrent weight matrices in the model. / Le travail de cette thèse est divisé en deux parties. La première partie traite du problème de planification et de séquencement des chargements de conteneurs sur des wagons, un problème opérationnel rencontré dans de nombreux terminaux ferroviaires intermodaux. Dans ce problème, les conteneurs doivent être affectés à une plate-forme sur laquelle un ou deux conteneurs seront chargés et l'ordre de chargement doit être déterminé. Ces décisions sont prises dans le but de minimiser les coûts associés à la manutention des conteneurs, ainsi que de minimiser le coût des conteneurs non chargés. La version déterministe du problème peut être formulé comme un problème de plus court chemin sur un graphe ordonné. Ce problème est difficile à résoudre en raison de la grande taille du graphe. Nous proposons une heuristique en deux étapes basée sur l'algorithme Iterative Deepening A* pour calculer des solutions au problème de planification et de séquencement de la charge dans un budget de cinq minutes. Ensuite, nous illustrons également comment un algorithme d'apprentissage Deep Q peut être utilisé pour résoudre heuristiquement le même problème. La deuxième partie de cette thèse examine les modèles séquentiels en apprentissage profond. Une stratégie récente pour contourner le problème de gradient qui explose et disparaît dans les réseaux de neurones récurrents (RNN) consiste à imposer des matrices de poids récurrentes orthogonales ou unitaires. Bien que cela assure une dynamique stable pendant l'entraînement, cela se fait au prix d'une expressivité réduite en raison de la variété limitée des transformations orthogonales. Nous proposons une paramétrisation des RNN, basée sur la décomposition de Schur, qui atténue les problèmes de gradient, tout en permettant des matrices de poids récurrentes non orthogonales dans le modèle.

This diploma thesis is focused on the rehabilitation of adjacent surroundings of the historical center of Kyjov and revitalizing public spaces. Part of the thesis are the analysis of the current condition of the solved and affected area, problems evaluation and values of the territory and draft of a new building structure along with a working transport solution. The main criterion for the choice of the area to be solved for me was the problem of this locality with conjunction to industry area of the mills and a very small percentage of the quality of the territory. The mill site occupies almost a quarter of the area and together with surrounding buildings, makes a large impassable barrier in the city. The draft seeks to respond to the functioning state of the site and to rehabilitate the surrounding environment. Another factor for the selection of the territory was the unused potential of the river side Kyjovka flowing through the area. This area hides many other problems and there is no quality architecture. My task was to combine all aspects of the area and make the most of it for the draft. A new functional neighborhood of housing with public spaces and amenities is being designed on the area. The draft include 2 new streets, 4 public spaces, pedestrian zone, Kyjovka riverside, 45 new buildings and 10 reconstructed buildings. The concept of the area also concerns the transfer of the existing main railway station. The draft is also aimed on the main problem of Kyjov, as a growing age population, the poor quality of services and commuting to work.

The theme of the thesis „Retriveal of the historici centre and surrounding of the Kyjov city“ deals with current condition of the Kyjov. It processes problematic area sof city, such as existing buildings, transportation, greenery, living spaces, new waterfront, House of culture pre-space, middle of the Masaryk Square, etc. It looking for answers to long standing questions: How to deal with the long-term dechne of the population? Where to find new spaces for living? How should Kyjov develop in future? How to make city an attractive place for new Citizen and investors? Answer for all these questions is urban study which is focused on named areas, including selected part of historical center.

The diploma thesis is based on the urban design of a selected part of the South Quarter, which was the subject of a pre-diploma thesis in 2018, whose main concept was to use the potential of the flowing river Svratka to define the borders of the "Brno Island" by creating a water canal around the perimeter of the area. Water creates the boundary between city ties and the island, which provides a unique opportunity to create architecturally interesting buildings and create an interesting environment for life with almost direct contact with water in the center of Brno. The thesis deals with the architectural study of the selected block of the "Brno Island". It is an apartment building with rentable space in the parterre. The main architectural concept consists in transforming the natural form of the river bay into an architecturally formulated mass that creates a unique living environment. The character of the parterre resembles the stone coast on which the dwelling is built, which is not trying to compete with this environment, nor to thematise itself, but fit into such a conceived landscape.

For almost one hundred years, Brno has been deciding where the place of a new main train station should be. The works have almost started several times, but the various affairs have always postponed it. Two years ago, it was finally decided that „the River option“ would be constructed. So far, only the technological template has been written – e. g. railway bridge or platforms outline. The thesis focuses on the architectural design of the main building, the roof construction above the railways and spaces below the station bridge. In the design, the outlying urban structures are also dealt with. These include the locations of a bus station, taxi services and bike stands. Moreover, the design also mentions the station’s connection to the city networks. The main motive of the design is to put the main train station building into the centre of the city’s attractions – to make it visible. A boulevard’s view is oriented to the St. Peter’s cathedral – a famous Brno’s building. Just as the mentioned cathedral, the station is important for the city and deserves to be seen. A strong arched construction on four pillars serves as a roof over the railways and places where most visitors are expected to be most of the time. The arch also connects the public transport lines and the bus station. Part of a roof shaped like waves around the main hall connects the structure with the riverside nearby.

The topic of the Diploma thesis is a design of the New train station in Brno. The plot is located on the boundary of three city districts – Komárov, Štýřice and Trnitá. This area includes the railway structure for the new train station and also its public spaces, which are very close to the river Svratka. The railway structure is designed as bridge construction, that rises all platforms and rail tracks to 7,65 metres above the ground level. So all of the railways do not become a barrier in the city. The main concept extends a longitudinal axis of the city boulevard through the train station, which creates a high-rise building in the southern part of the plot. This axis is written not only to the layout but also to the roof design. The train station includes two underground levels, ground floor and first floor. Underground levels consist of P+R parking, deliveries only area, technical facilities and subway terminal. The ground floor is the main traffic centre. There is an entrance hall, shopping area, bus terminal and public corridors. The first floor includes platforms for train departures and arrivals. There are also public spaces in the entrance hall. The basic structural system consists of two parts. The first part is a massive reinforced concrete structure of the railway bridge deck and all underground levels. This structure is based on reinforced concrete foundation pads with drilled piles. The second part is a steel frame structure of the roof. That includes steel columns and truss girders for the structure of the lower area. The higher part of the roof is designed as a steel-truss bridge with the characteristic profile. The new train station supposes to create a new gate to the city of Brno, that connects contemporary districts with the historical city center.

The topic discussed in Brno for several decades is certainly the building of the new main railway station and its location. Countless architectural and urban studies have been done especially in 2018, which examined three possible locations of the station. After considering the possibilities, it was decided to place a new railway station near by the Svratka river. The advantage of the chosen location is the possibility of constructing a high-speed track, which is not possible in the current position of the station. Furthermore, this area allows the construction of a station on a green field, without limiting train traffic during the works. The capacity of the new designed train station represents an increase of 30-40 thousand passengers per day. Total capacity is approximately 100,000 passengers per day. However, construction activity in the area is limited by the flood risk factor. It is an effort to eliminate this risk with elements inspired by nature. These solutions include for example widening profle of the river , determining floodplains in such a way as to maintain access to the river. The diploma thesis offers a possible view of the architectural solution of the new railway station and its public spaces. The entrance hall of the station is located at one end of the visual axis, which is represented by the considered boulevard. The dominant building on the opposite side is the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul. The requirements and location of the new main station mean an assumption for the creation of a new city icon. The iconic vaulted structure, which runs across the railway bridge, refers to the former glory and fame of the city. The curve of catenary arch used in the profile of vault is a symbol for the new station. The new station represents a significant impulse not only for the development of Brno, but especially for the development of new South district. The construction of the trade fairs complex a hundred years ago had a similer effect.

The subject of proposal is a new dominant of the city of Brno. It is a building which will affect panorama of the city, a building which will be important part of a new South district and a new Brno Railway Station. The building will become orientation point in long-distance views as well as in the area. The proposal works with a building which is open and alive thanks to mix-use and public access on different height levels. Greenery forms the corner of the building and creates it’s identity. The base for architectural study became urban concept designed as a pre-diploma project. Important element of the concept is axis which draws the greenery from the river Svratka into the area and connects it with the new station. The Europoint – proposed building – becomes termination of the axis. The building is situated on a unique site which requires unique concept. The motive of the house is greenery and future vision of buildings which enrich surroundings in some ways. The basic volume is triangular and uses area of the site on maximum level with corner towards boulevard. This corner becomes the central element, especially from entry and view from the boulevard. I recreated the corner using vegetation into green and living. The green corner gives a new perspective on creating exposed corners, adds value to the urban area and creates identity of the building. The green motive intertwines with the building from entrance hall up to the bar at the highest floor. The volume of the building is defined by the inside usage and then form follows function. When choosing the functions I took into account needs of the area and took advantage of high-rise building. Commercial areas in the ground floor, administration centre of Czech Railways and conference rooms were created. The administrative use is added by co-working in the middle if the building, the upper part offers flats with view over Brno and in the crown is the highest placed bar in Brno.

The diploma thesis deals with analytical description of vehicle - track dynamic interface. There are described basic analytical models which are subsequently extended in order to get a more precise description of dynamic phenomena. The aim is to compile a model that faithfully describes the dynamic phenomena in the track. These new compiled models are qualitatively compared with data obtained by measuring in the track.

Les plumes d'oiseaux abritent de nombreux microorganismes qui pourraient être acquis dans l'environnement, ces microorganismes pouvant exercer une sélection intense sur leurs hôtes en réduisant leur fécondité et leur survie. Plusieurs taxons bactériens qui vivent sur des plumes ont la capacité de dégrader la kératine des plumes et causent des dommages à leur structure et peuvent modifier aussi leur coloration. Les oiseaux utilisent des signaux visuels tels que des couleurs vives ou des ornementations exagérées pour la communication socio-sexuelle ainsi que la reconnaissance des espèces. Seuls les individus en bonne santé sont capables de produire des caractères sexuels secondaires exagérés et restent résistants aux parasites débilitants. Le paon (Pavo cristatus) est une espèce polygame qui a plusieurs décorations exagérées, les caractères sexuels secondaires les plus remarquables du paon sont leur traîne décorée avec des ocelles magnifiques qui contiennent trois couleurs irisées différentes. Grâce à une technique basée sur la culture, j'ai isolé la communauté bactérienne des plumes de différentes parties colorées des ocelles de la traîne du paon. L'étude révèle qu'il y a eu une répartition hétérogène des bactéries parmi les différentes parties colorées des ocelles. L'abondance et la prévalence des taxa bactériens spécifiques étaient liées au degré de dégradation des plumes, à l'expression de différents caractères sexuels secondaires, à des changements dans la coloration des ocelles et à l'augmentation de la croissance quotidienne des plumes. En outre, nous avons constaté un petit effet de l'expression de caractères sexuels secondaires sur la proportion sexuelle des couvées avec un biais en faveur des individus masculins. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse fournissent des preuves que les ocelles de plumes peuvent être considérés comme un signal fiable de la diversité et de l'abondance de bactéries chez le paon. En conséquence, ils représentent une indication pour la qualité individuelle, ce qui permet aux femelles de choisir des mâles avec une communauté bactérienne spécifique. / Bird feathers harbour numerous microorganisms that could be acquired from the surrounding environment, these microorganisms may exert intense selection on their hosts by reducing fecundity and survivorship. Several bacterial taxa that live on feathers have the ability to degrade feather keratin and cause damage to feather structure and may alter the feather colouration. Birds use visual signals such as bright colours or exaggerated ornamentation for socio-sexual communication as well as species recognition. Only healthy individuals are able to produce exaggerated secondary sexual characters and still remain resistant to debilitating parasites. Peacocks (Pavo cristatus) is a polygamous species that have different exaggerated ornamentation, the most notable secondary sexual characters of the peacock are their long-decorated trains that comprise the magnificent ocelli which contain three different iridescent colours. Through a culture based technique we isolate feather bacterial community from differently coloured parts of the ocelli of the peacock’s train. The study reveals that there was a heterogeneous distribution of bacteria among the differently coloured parts of ocelli. The abundance and prevalence of specific bacterial taxa was related to the degree of feather degradation, expression of different secondary sexual character, changes in ocelli colouration and daily growth increment. Furthermore, we found a small effect of the expression of secondary sexual characters on biasing of brood sex ratio towards production of more sons than daughters. The work presented in this thesis provide evidence that feather ocelli may consider as a reliable signal of the diversity and the abundance of bacteria in peacock and in consequence indication for the individual quality and that allowing the choosy females to pick males with a specific bacterial community.