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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Otimiza??o em braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose com algoritmo transgen?tico

Jesus, Ricardo Marx Costa Soares de 20 February 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoMCSJ.pdf: 1145445 bytes, checksum: 72e5375ae05e7cf3104e5c18ae0c8314 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-20 / Este trabalho aborda o problema de otimiza??o em braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose no tratamento de pacientes com c?ncer, com vistas ? defini??o do conjunto de tempos de parada. A t?cnica de solu??o adotada foi a Transgen?tica Computacional apoiada pelo m?todo L-BFGS. O algoritmo desenvolvido foi empregado para gerar solu??es n?o denominadas cujas distribui??es de dose fossem capazes de eiminar o c?ncer e ao mesmo tempo preservar as regi?es normais
2

Metodologia estat?stica na solu??o do problema do caixeiro viajante e na avalia??o de algoritmos : um estudo aplicado ? transgen?tica computacional

Ramos, Iloneide Carlos de Oliveira 03 March 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IloneideCOR.pdf: 1010601 bytes, checksum: 76bbc04aa0a456f079121fb0d750ea74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-03 / The problems of combinatory optimization have involved a large number of researchers in search of approximative solutions for them, since it is generally accepted that they are unsolvable in polynomial time. Initially, these solutions were focused on heuristics. Currently, metaheuristics are used more for this task, especially those based on evolutionary algorithms. The two main contributions of this work are: the creation of what is called an -Operon- heuristic, for the construction of the information chains necessary for the implementation of transgenetic (evolutionary) algorithms, mainly using statistical methodology - the Cluster Analysis and the Principal Component Analysis; and the utilization of statistical analyses that are adequate for the evaluation of the performance of the algorithms that are developed to solve these problems. The aim of the Operon is to construct good quality dynamic information chains to promote an -intelligent- search in the space of solutions. The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is intended for applications based on a transgenetic algorithmic known as ProtoG. A strategy is also proposed for the renovation of part of the chromosome population indicated by adopting a minimum limit in the coefficient of variation of the adequation function of the individuals, with calculations based on the population. Statistical methodology is used for the evaluation of the performance of four algorithms, as follows: the proposed ProtoG, two memetic algorithms and a Simulated Annealing algorithm. Three performance analyses of these algorithms are proposed. The first is accomplished through the Logistic Regression, based on the probability of finding an optimal solution for a TSP instance by the algorithm being tested. The second is accomplished through Survival Analysis, based on a probability of the time observed for its execution until an optimal solution is achieved. The third is accomplished by means of a non-parametric Analysis of Variance, considering the Percent Error of the Solution (PES) obtained by the percentage in which the solution found exceeds the best solution available in the literature. Six experiments have been conducted applied to sixty-one instances of Euclidean TSP with sizes of up to 1,655 cities. The first two experiments deal with the adjustments of four parameters used in the ProtoG algorithm in an attempt to improve its performance. The last four have been undertaken to evaluate the performance of the ProtoG in comparison to the three algorithms adopted. For these sixty-one instances, it has been concluded on the grounds of statistical tests that there is evidence that the ProtoG performs better than these three algorithms in fifty instances. In addition, for the thirty-six instances considered in the last three trials in which the performance of the algorithms was evaluated through PES, it was observed that the PES average obtained with the ProtoG was less than 1% in almost half of these instances, having reached the greatest average for one instance of 1,173 cities, with an PES average equal to 3.52%. Therefore, the ProtoG can be considered a competitive algorithm for solving the TSP, since it is not rare in the literature find PESs averages greater than 10% to be reported for instances of this size. / Os problemas de otimiza??o combinat?ria t?m envolvido um grande n?mero de pesquisadores na busca por solu??es aproximativas para aqueles, desde a aceita??o de que eles s?o considerados insol?veis em tempo polinomial. Inicialmente, essas solu??es eram focalizadas por meio de heur?sticas. Atualmente, as metaheur?sticas s?o mais utilizadas para essa tarefa, especialmente aquelas baseadas em algoritmos evolucion?rios. As duas principais contribui??es deste trabalho s?o: a cria??o de uma heur?stica, denominada Operon, para a constru??o de cadeias de informa??es necess?rias ? implementa??o de algoritmos transgen?ticos (evolucion?rios) utilizando, principalmente, a metodologia estat?stica - An?lise de Agrupamentos e An?lise de Componentes Principais -; e a utiliza??o de an?lises estat?sticas adequadas ? avalia??o da performance de algoritmos destinados ? solu??o desses problemas. O Operon visa construir, de forma din?mica e de boa qualidade, cadeias de informa??es a fim de promover uma busca -inteligente- no espa?o de solu??es. O Problema do Caixeiro Viajante (PCV) ? focalizado para as aplica??es que s?o realizadas com base num algoritmo transgen?tico, denominado ProtoG. Prop?e-se, tamb?m, uma estrat?gia de renova??o de parte da popula??o de cromossomos indicada pela ado??o de um limite m?nimo no coeficiente de varia??o da fun??o de adequa??o dos indiv?duos, calculado com base na popula??o. S?o propostas tr?s an?lises estat?sticas para avaliar a performance de algoritmos. A primeira ? realizada atrav?s da An?lise de Regress?o Log?stica, com base na probabilidade de obten??o da solu??o ?tima de uma inst?ncia do PCV pelo algoritmo em teste. A segunda ? realizada atrav?s da An?lise de Sobreviv?ncia, com base numa probabilidade envolvendo o tempo de execu??o observado at? que a solu??o ?tima seja obtida. A terceira ? realizada por meio da An?lise de Vari?ncia n?o param?trica, considerando o Erro Percentual da Solu??o (EPS) obtido pela percentagem em que a solu??o encontrada excede a melhor solu??o dispon?vel na literatura. Utiliza-se essa metodologia para a avalia??o da performance de quatro algoritmos, a saber: o ProtoG proposto, dois algoritmos mem?ticos e um algoritmo Simulated Annealing. Foram realizados seis experimentos, aplicados a sessenta e uma inst?ncias do PCV euclidiano, com tamanhos de at? 1.655 cidades. Os dois primeiros experimentos tratam do ajuste de quatro par?metros utilizados no algoritmo ProtoG, visando melhorar a performance do mesmo. Os quatro ?ltimos s?o utilizados para avaliar a performance do ProtoG em compara??o aos tr?s algoritmos adotados. Para essas sessenta e uma inst?ncias, conclui-se, sob testes estat?sticos, que h? evid?ncias de que o ProtoG ? superior a esses tr?s algoritmos em cinq?enta inst?ncias. Al?m disso, para as trinta e seis inst?ncias consideradas nos tr?s ?ltimos experimentos, nos quais a avalia??o da performance dos algoritmos foi realizada com base no EPS, observou-se que o ProtoG obteve EPSs m?dios menores que 1% em quase metade das inst?ncias, tendo atingido a maior m?dia para uma inst?ncia composta por 1.173 cidades, com EPS m?dio igual a 3,52%. Logo, o ProtoG pode ser considerado um algoritmo competitivo para solucionar o PCV, pois n?o ? raro serem reportados, na literatura, EPSs m?dios maiores que 10% para inst?ncias desse porte.
3

O problema do caixeiro viajante alugador : um estudo algor?tmico

Silva, Paulo Henrique Asconavieta da 19 December 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloHAS_TESE.pdf: 9268945 bytes, checksum: 08c0c5f93ed7b964b99c6df2ee26ab1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Car Rental Salesman Problem (CaRS) is a variant of the classical Traveling Salesman Problem which was not described in the literature where a tour of visits can be decomposed into contiguous paths that may be performed in different rental cars. The aim is to determine the Hamiltonian cycle that results in a final minimum cost, considering the cost of the route added to the cost of an expected penalty paid for each exchange of vehicles on the route. This penalty is due to the return of the car dropped to the base. This paper introduces the general problem and illustrates some examples, also featuring some of its associated variants. An overview of the complexity of this combinatorial problem is also outlined, to justify their classification in the NPhard class. A database of instances for the problem is presented, describing the methodology of its constitution. The presented problem is also the subject of a study based on experimental algorithmic implementation of six metaheuristic solutions, representing adaptations of the best of state-of-the-art heuristic programming. New neighborhoods, construction procedures, search operators, evolutionary agents, cooperation by multi-pheromone are created for this problem. Furtermore, computational experiments and comparative performance tests are conducted on a sample of 60 instances of the created database, aiming to offer a algorithm with an efficient solution for this problem. These results will illustrate the best performance reached by the transgenetic algorithm in all instances of the dataset / O Problema do Caixeiro Alugador (CaRS) ? uma variante ainda n?o descrita na literatura do cl?ssico Problema do Caixeiro Viajante onde o tradicional tour de visitas do caixeiro pode ser decomposto em caminhos cont?guos e que podem ser realizados em diferentes carros alugados. O problema consiste em determinar o ciclo hamiltoniano que resulte em um custo final m?nimo, considerando o custo da rota adicionado ao custo de uma prov?vel penaliza??o paga em cada troca de ve?culos na rota, penaliza??o devida ao retorno do carro descartado at? a sua cidade base. Sem perda para a generalidade do caso, os custos do aluguel do carro podem ser considerados embutidos nos custos da rota do carro. O presente trabalho introduz o problema geral e o exemplifica, caracterizando igualmente algumas variantes associadas. Uma an?lise geral da complexidade desse problema combinat?rio ? descrita, visando justificar sua classifica??o na classe NP-dif?cil. Um banco de inst?ncias para o problema ? apresentado, descrevendo-se a metodologia de sua constitui??o. O problema proposto tamb?m ? objeto de um estudo algor?tmico experimental baseado na aplica??o de seis metaheur?sticas de solu??o, representando adapta??es do melhor do estado da arte em programa??o heur?stica. Novas vizinhan?as, procedimentos construtivos, operadores de busca, agentes evolucion?rios, coopera??o por multiferom?nios, s?o criados para o caso. Experimentos computacionais comparativos e testes de desempenho s?o realizados sobre uma amostra de 60 inst?ncias, visando oferecer um algoritmo de solu??o competitivo para o problema. Conclui-se pela vantagem do algoritmo transgen?tico em todos os conjuntos de inst?ncias
4

O problema do caixeiro alugador com coleta de bonus: um estudo algoritmico / Prize Collecting Traveling Car Renter Problem: an Algotithm Study

Menezes, Matheus da Silva 21 March 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MatheusSM_TESE.pdf: 3657538 bytes, checksum: 05bf71663b044728a1e70b6db57b834e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / This paper introduces a new variant of the Traveling Car Renter Problem, named Prizecollecting Traveling Car Renter Problem. In this problem, a set of vertices, each associated with a bonus, and a set of vehicles are given. The objective is to determine a cycle that visits some vertices collecting, at least, a pre-defined bonus, and minimizing the cost of the tour that can be traveled with different vehicles. A mathematical formulation is presented and implemented in a solver to produce results for sixty-two instances. The proposed problem is also subject of an experimental study based on the algorithmic application of four metaheuristics representing the best adaptations of the state of the art of the heuristic programming.We also provide new local search operators which exploit the neighborhoods of the problem, construction procedures and adjustments, created specifically for the addressed problem. Comparative computational experiments and performance tests are performed on a sample of 80 instances, aiming to offer a competitive algorithm to the problem. We conclude that memetic algorithms, computational transgenetic and a hybrid evolutive algorithm are competitive in tests performed / Este trabalho apresenta uma nova variante do problema do Caixeiro Alugador ainda n?o descrita na literatura, denominada de Caixeiro Alugador com Coleta de Pr?mios. Neste problema s?o disponibilizados um conjunto de v?rtices, cada um com um b?nus associado e um conjunto de ve?culos. O objetivo do problema ? determinar um ciclo que visite alguns v?rtices coletando, pelo menos, um b?nus pr?-de nido e minimizando os custos de viagem atrav?s da rota, que pode ser feita com ve?culos de diferentes tipos. ? apresentada uma formula??o matem?tica e implementada em um solver produzindo resultados em sessenta e duas inst?ncias. O problema proposto tamb?m ? objeto de um estudo algor?tmico experimental baseado na aplica??o de quatro metaheur?sticas de solu??o, representando adapta??es do melhor do estado da arte em programa??o heur?stica. Nesse trabalho tamb?m apresentamos a constitui??o de novos operadores que exploram as vizinhan?as do problema, procedimentos construtivos e adapta??es, criados especifi camente para o problema abordado. Experimentos computacionais comparativos e testes de desempenho s?o realizados sobre uma amostra de 80 inst?ncias, visando oferecer um algoritmo de solu??o competitivo para o problema. Conclui-se que algoritmos com abordagem mem?tica, transgen ?tica e evolucion?ria h?brida obtiveram resultados competitivos nos testes efetuados. Palavras-chave: Caixeiro Alugador com Coleta de Pr?mios. Metaheur?sticas. GRASP/VNS. Algoritmo Mem?tico. Transgen?tica Computacional. Computa??o Evolucion?ria

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