Most of the work accomplished on surface blending is based on visual trimming. In the process of visual trimming, the unwanted portion of a surface is only hidden but not removed. Geometric trimming provides a complete mathematical description of the wanted portion of the trimming surface, and generates a new mathematical surface or sets of surface patches. The new surface is intended to resemble closely the corresponding portion of the original surface. A robust procedure is developed to geometrically trim the intersecting surfaces and blend the trimmed surface patches into one new surface. This research generates a filleting algorithm for surface blending of an aircraft fuselage shape and a wing shape at a closed trimming intersection curve, and verifies the properties of the newly created surface. In order to distinguish how well the new surface approximates the original, an error comparison tool developed in MATLAB has been employed. / Master of Science

摘要 本文主要在探討絕對正則隨機變數序列的隨機修剪L統計量的漸近性，當修剪係系數收斂至a和b時(O<a<b<l)，對它們的分配函數限制並不多；然而當a=0及b=1 時，則限制的條件須更加嚴格，這也就是為什麼我們要做隨機修剪的主要原因。同時，由於大部分的時間序列模式都是絕對正則的隨機變數序列，這也是研究本文的主要動機之一。 本文是想嘗試著把G. R. Shorack (1989)的論文隨機修剪L統計量，推廣，把該文中立相獨立的隨機變數序列換成絕對正則的隨機變數序列。在這同時，我們必需將一些經驗累積分配函數的不等式推廣，推廣過程中將重覆使用Yoshihara (1978) 的機率不等式。 / ABSTRACT We will prove central limit theorem for randomly trimmed L-statistics with absolutely regular random variables. When the fractions trimmed converge to a and l-b, (with 0<a<b<l) there are little restrictions on the df's of the r.v.'s, - but the limiting r.v. has several contributing terms, making the studentization complicated unless the trimming fractions converge fast enough. For a=0 and b=l, the restriction on the rate of convergence of the trimming fractions is more severe, however this is a most reasonable way to trim.

Geometric trimming of surfaces results in a new mathematical description of the matching surface. This matching surface is required to closely resemble the remaining portion of the original surface. Typically, the approximation error in such cases is measured with a view to minimize it. The data associated with the error between two matching surfaces is large and needs to be filtered into meaningful information.This research looks at suitable norms for achieving this data reduction or abstraction with a view to provide quantitative feedback about the approximation error. Also, the differences between geometric shapes are easily discerned by the human eye but are difficult to characterize or describe. Error visualization tools have been developed to provide effective visual inputs that the designer can interpret into meaningful information. / Master of Science

Gyvenamųjų namų apšiltinimo ir apdailos defektai – dažnas reiškinys šiuolaikinėje statyboje. Statant arba perkant namą, norima, kad būstas būtų jaukus, šiltas, gražus, ekonomiškas ir patogus. Nuo gyvenamojo namo apšiltinimo ir apdailos kokybės priklauso viso namo estetinė išvaizda, šilumos izoliaciniai, higieniniai ir kiti parametrai. Darbo tikslas – gyvenamųjų pastatų apšiltinimo ir apdailos galimų defektų diagnostikos ir eliminavimo būdų analizė. Darbą sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai bei išvados. Įvade pateikiamas darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai tikslui įgyvendinti. Pirmame darbo skyriuje pateikiama Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslinės literatūros, susijusios su apšiltinimo ir apdailos medžiagų tyrimais ir bandymais, defektų nustatymo būdais, apžvalga. Antrame darbo skyriuje analizuojami gyvenamųjų pastatų apšiltinimo ir apdailos defektai, jų diagnostikos ir pašalinimo būdai. Trečiame darbo skyriuje analizuojamos pastatų apšiltinimo ir apdailos defektų atsiradimo priežastys. Ketvirtame darbo skyriuje pateikiamas apšiltinimo ir apdailos defektų pašalinimo racionalaus varianto parinkimo modelis. Variantams palyginti pateikiama rodiklių sistema, skaičiavimai ir gauti rezultatai. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados. Darbo apimtis – 69 puslapiai teksto (be priedų). Darbe pateikti 22 paveikslai, 10 lentelių, 83 bibliografiniai šaltiniai ir 10 priedų. / Defects of warming and trimming of dwelling houses are very common in contemporary constructions. When buying or building a house we want it to be cosy, warm, beautiful, efficient and comfortable. The whole appearance, thermal insulation, hygiene and other parameters depend on warming and trimming quality. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the methods for diagnosing and eliminating the possible defects of warming and trimming of dwelling houses. Thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Introduction contains the goal of the thesis and the tasks for achieving it. The first chapter gives an overview of Lithuanian and foreign literature on research and experiments with warming and trimming materials and methods to identify the defects. The second chapter focuses on analysis of the defects of trimming and warming of dwelling houses, methods for their diagnosis and elimination. The third chapter analysis the causes of the defects of warming and trimming of buildings. The fourth chapter gives a model for selection of a rational method to eliminate the warming and trimming defects. Rating system, calculations and acquired results are also given, in order to compare the methods. In the end of thesis, the conclusions are drawn. Thesis contains 69 pages of text (without annexes). There are 22 figures, 10 tables, 83 bibliographic sources and 10 annexes in this thesis.

Hospital information systems in China are improving and a casemix system for describing inpatient care is looking more feasible than previously. Implementing a casemix classification system for acute inpatient care in China could help to improve regional planning and hospital quality and efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Australian DRG system as the basis for developing an acute inpatient casemix system appropriate for China. The applicability of the Australian AR-DRG system has been evaluated (in terms of homogeneity achieved and comparability of rank order) using inpatient data from Chengdu in Sichuan. Homogeneity achieved was good. The R2 value (the coefficient of multiple determination) was 0.12 for LOS and 0.17 for cost using untrimmed data and using (L3H3) trimmed data, R2 was 0.45 for LOS and 0.59 for cost. This explanatory power is comparable to other DRG classification systems although there are a few MDCs in which AR-DRGs exhibit poorer explanatory power. Rank order of groups was generally comparable. The AR-DRG system incorporates hierarchies of DRGs within groups of adjacent DRGs, within medical and surgical partitions and across all DRGs within each MDC. I have compared the ranking of DRGs based on average cost with the ranking assumed by the AR-DRG system, at the adjacent group level, within partitions and at the level of the MDC. I used the Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient to compare DRG order across partitions and whole MDCs. In general the cost relativities of the Chinese inpatient episodes grouped by the AR-DRG system correspond to the logical hierarchies assumed by the system. On this basis Chinese and Australian episodes of care within most of the MDCs appear to reflect the same broad pattern of resource consumption. Further research will be needed to determine where and how the grouping rules used in the AR-DRG system might need to be changed to more accurately reflect Chinese circumstances. For example the cost structures of Chinese health services are different from those in Australia. The Australian Refined DRGs (AR-DRGs) would provide a sound basis from which to develop a Chinese version of DRGs.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of trimming the original external carcass surfaces from subprimals during fabrication on the reduction of surrogates for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Carcass sides from five cattle (n = 10 sides) were inoculated along the pattern hide opening before entering the blast chill cooler with a gelatin slurry containing a bacterial cocktail of three rifampicin-resistant, nonpathogenic E. coli Biotype I strains. Following a 48 h chill, sides were fabricated to produce eight subprimals (brisket, chuck, clod, rib, bottom round, top sirloin, short loin, and inside round). Microbiological samples were taken from the original carcass fat surface area, initial lean surface area, trimmed fat surface area (where applicable), and trimmed lean surface area (where applicable). Trimming of the external fat surfaces reduced (P < 0.05) microbiological counts on the newly exposed lean surfaces of all eight subprimals during fabrication. However, these data also indicated that fat and lean surfaces that were not initially exposed to contamination became contaminated during the fabrication process. Trimming external surfaces reduces levels of pathogens, but under normal fabrication processes, pathogens may still be spread to the newly exposed surfaces.

This thesis focuses on the analysis theory, circuit design, simulations, and chip measurements of the transfer stage in the continuously error-trimming comparator-based switched-capacitor charge transfer stage in the cyclic redundant-sign-digit (RSD) algorithm. Capacitor mismatching remains an insurmountable factor for switched-capacitor circuit designers. To correct errors which result from the capacitor mismatching, a continuous error-trimming circuit is generalized from a typical CBSC circuit. The analysis theory of the error-trimming operation describes the effects of the error-trimming circuit in the CBSC circuit, as well as the guidelines for trimming. The error-trimming operation is able to tune the gain and virtual condition of the charge transfer stage for canceling the gain and offset errors. The circuit is designed, with the 0.35£gm 2-poly 4-metal TSMC process, in fully integral circuits. The circuit is simulated by a matlab simulator and an online Cadence Spectre simulator, to confirm how the operation works. Finally, chip measurements are recorded for verification and simulation comparisons.

This thesis analyses the issue of road alleys maintenance. It focuses primarily on the issue of the lack of expertise of administrators of the greenery and possible negative consequences resulting from inadequate and improper tree trimming. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the origin and history of alleys, the legislative framework in terms of ownership, the protection and care of the road alleys, furthermore, the method of their treatment, the characteristics of particular types of cuts and the possible consequences of their improper implementation are mentioned. The second part of the thesis is focused on identifying specific problems in the particular alleys, processing and analysis of the data obtained from their inventorisation. The result of the thesis is a draft measure on the issue in the context of current legislation, standards and technical conditions.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22633号 / 理博第4622号 / 新制||理||1664(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 森 和俊, 教授 平野 丈夫, 教授 川口 真也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Sheet trimming is an important forming operation in stamping industry. However, trimming of automotive magnesium sheet materials is not well understood. The objective of present study was to investigate the trimming behavior of AZ31 and ZEK100 automotive magnesium sheet materials using a laboratory-based experimental set-up and complementary finite element (FE) simulations of the lab-based experiments. The effects of the trimming process parameters that included tool setup configuration, punch speed, clearance, sheet thickness and sheet orientation (rolling and transverse directions) on the quality of trimmed edge were analyzed. Experimental results indicated that the trimmed edge quality depended strongly on the trimming conditions. The optimal trimming parameters for AZ31 and ZEK100 sheets were experimentally obtained. Interrupted trimming experiments were conducted to examine crack initiation and development, the mechanism of fracture, and the generation of the fracture profile of the trimmed edges. The R-value as a measure of material anisotropy and fracture strain of both materials were measured using uniaxial tension and plane strain tests and incorporated in the FE model. General purpose Finite Element software ABAQUS/Explicit was employed to simulate the trimming process where five different fracture criteria and element deletion method were used to predict profile of trimmed edge and the fracture initiation and development during the trimming process. Good general agreement was observed between experiments and FE simulations. However, some discrepancies were also observed. These are presented and discussed in the thesis. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)