José Siqueira is one of the most influential and productive Brazilian composers of the twentieth century. He crafted a compositional system in 1941 which he called the Trimodal System, based on the three most present scalar modes in the Brazilian Northeastern folkloric tradition. As a composer of nationalist impulse, the process of developing the system was inspired by a desire to create a music that truly represented Brazilian culture. This originated what can be called his Trimodal compositional period, characteristics of which would persevere through his future compositions. This research analyzes Siqueira’s Concertino for Violin and Chamber Orchestra (1972) through the lens of his system. In his book, “O Sistema Modal da Música Brasileira,” the composer does not mention any of his concertinos as examples of pieces in which he utilized the Trimodal System. This study, however, observes that the System was embedded in his compositional style, even though he did not overtly make this claim. The examination of the piece also utilizes set-theory and pitch-class centricity in a post- tonal analytical approach. Pitch-class coherence is sought through the methodology developed by clarinetist vii and professor Aynara Silva (2013). In her research she listed 45 prominent pitch-class sets in Siqueira’s system. Thus, this present research aims to provoke a reflection regarding the placement of the violin concertino within the system, opening a new field of study for additional scholars to further investigate his concertinos. In addition to the analytical viewpoint, this dissertation provides guidance on the violinistic aspects of the piece, incorporating relevant elements from the violin technique found in the piece. As fruit of this research, this work includes the first revised edition of the concertino’s piano reduction and the violin part, working directly from Siqueira’s autograph. This edition will make the piece more accessible to players, possibly resulting in it being played more often, and in turn, being known by the general public as well as to music connoisseurs.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9142957 bytes, checksum: 86752beec94b26514b271847628765ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation examines the syntactic coherence of the Trimodal system of José Siqueira, through the analysis of the Quarta Sonatina for piano (1963) and Três Estudos para Flauta e Piano (1964) in light of three methodological procedures. The first of these procedures is the quantitative hierarchization of the harmonic structures, resulting in a new type of classification of the vertical entities, while proposing a method for identification and classification of the syntax of voice-leading between these structures; the second procedure is based on the concept of parsimonious connection from the Neo-Riemannian Theory and aims at investigating how the harmonic structures are connected to each other; and the third evaluates the impact of the relationship of pertinence and encapsulation between the pitchclass set in the syntactic connections between the sonorities. The application of these methodological procedures allow us to characterize a syntatic profile for the three analyzed works, revealing fundamental aspects regarding the consistency of the Trimodal system. It is still our intention that this work, which here gives a highly analytical look on a small portion of the work of Siqueira, would serve as a reference for research so that one can carry out the examination of other works of this composer, as well as other Brazilian composers who worked on the threshold between tonality and atonality, and that it would also extend its boundaries of applicability through the dialogue with other fields of research in music, especially that of musical composition, which will benefit from the modeling implemented here from a prescriptive approach. / Este trabalho examina a coerência sintática do Sistema Trimodal de José Siqueira (1907- 1985), através da análise da Quarta Sonatina para piano (1963) e dos Três Estudos para Flauta e Piano (1964) à luz de três procedimentos metodológicos. O primeiro desses procedimentos consiste na hierarquização quantitativa de estruturas harmônicas, resultando em uma nova tipologia de classificação das entidades verticais, ao mesmo tempo em que propõe uma metodologia de identificação e classificação da sintaxe de condução entre essas estruturas; o segundo procedimento se baseia no conceito de conexão parcimoniosa da Teoria Neo-Riemanniana e tem o propósito de averiguar como as estruturas harmônicas se conectam entre si; e o terceiro avalia o impacto das relações de pertinência e encapsulamento entre os conjuntos de classes de alturas nas conexões sintáticas entre as sonoridades. A aplicação desses procedimentos metodológicos nos permitirá caracterizar um perfil sintático para as duas obras analisadas, revelando aspectos fundamentais relativos à coerência do Sistema Trimodal. Ainda é nossa intenção que este trabalho, que aqui traça um olhar eminentemente analítico sobre uma pequena parcela da obra de Siqueira, possa servir como referencial de pesquisa para que se realize o exame de outras obras desse compositor, bem como de outros compositores brasileiros que trabalharam no limiar entre tonalismo e atonalismo, e que também possa ampliar suas fronteiras de aplicabilidade pelo diálogo com outros campos da pesquisa em música, mormente o da composição musical, que se beneficiará das modelagens aqui realizadas a partir de um viés prescritivo.

Midlevel clouds are observed globally and impact the general circulation through their influence on the radiation budget and their precipitation production. However, because midlevel clouds occur less frequently than high and low clouds they are relatively understudied. Satellite observations from the MODIS, CALIPSO, and CloudSat instruments onboard the A-Train are combined to study midlevel cloud characteristics in the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) between January 2007 and December 2010. Characteristic cloud and microphysical properties including cloud top height (CTH), geometric thickness, optical depth, effective radius, and liquid or ice water path (LWP or IWP), and environmental properties, including temperature and specific humidity profiles, are determined for precipitating and non-precipitating midlevel clouds. In the study region, approximately 14% of all cloudy scenes are classified as midlevel clouds (4 km < CTH < 8 km). These are concentrated in areas of deeper convection associated with the Pacific warm pool, ITCZ, and SPCZ. Non-precipitating clouds dominate the region, accounting for approximately 70% of all single and two-layer midlevel clouds scenes. Midlevel clouds occur most frequently in three different scenarios: high over midlevel clouds (~65%), single-layer (~25%), and midlevel over mid- or low-level clouds (~10%). Environmental moisture appears to play a larger role than temperature in determining midlevel cloud distributions due to large variations in moisture between the different cloud scenarios. In all scenes, a trimodal distribution in CTH frequency is found within the midlevel. Two of these peaks have been identified in previous studies; however a third midlevel mode is recognized here. CTHs occur most frequently in peaks between 5-6 km, 6-6.25 km, and 6.5-7.5 km. Although the past studies have only noted two midlevel peaks, this third mode is a robust feature in this dataset. Two types of clouds dominate these peaks: non-precipitating altostratus or altocumulus-like clouds less than 1 km thick and geometrically thick precipitating cumulus congestus clouds. Environmental temperature stable layers and dry maxima are found at each one of these peak frequency heights. Again, moisture seems to play a more dominant role in determining the height of the midlevel clouds due to larger variances between the moisture gradients associated with each peak. Microphysical properties (optical depth, effective radius, and LWP or IWP) are characterized for single-layer clouds. Approximately 30% of all single-layer midlevel clouds are precipitating and these clouds tend to occur on the edges of the deep tropics. In general, precipitating clouds have greater optical depths, effective radii, and water path. This research implies that some past studies at single point locations can be representative of the broader tropics, whereas others are not.

The ideal properties of a structural material are light weight with extensive strength and ductility. A composite with high strength and tailorable ductility was developed consisting of nanocrystalline AA5083, boron carbide and coarser grained AA5083. The microstructure was determined through optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A technique was developed to determine the nitrogen concentration of an AA5083 composite from secondary ion mass spectrometry utilizing a nitrogen ionimplanted standard. Aluminum nitride and amorphous nitrogen-rich dispersoids were found in the nanocrystalline aluminum grain boundaries. Nitrogen concentration increased as a function of cryomilling time up to 72hours. A greater nitrogen concentration resulted in an enhanced thermal stability of the nanocrystalline aluminum phase and a resultant increase in hardness. The distribution of the nitrogen-rich dispersoids may be estimated considering their size and the concentration of nitrogen in the composite. Contributions to strength and ductility from the Orowan relation can be more accurately modeled with the quantified nitrogen concentration.