Avec l'augmentation de la probabilité de fautes dans les circuits numériques, les systèmes développés pour les environnements critiques comme les centrales nucléaires, les avions et les applications spatiales doivent être certifies selon des normes industrielles. Cette thèse est un résultat d'une cooperation CIFRE entre l'entreprise Électricité de France (EDF) R&D et Télécom Paristech. EDF est l'un des plus gros producteurs d'énergie au monde et possède de nombreuses centrales nucléaires. Les systèmes de contrôle-commande utilisé dans les centrales sont basés sur des dispositifs électroniques, qui doivent être certifiés selon des normes industrielles comme la CEI 62566, la CEI 60987 et la CEI 61513 à cause de la criticité de l'environnement nucléaire. En particulier, l'utilisation des dispositifs programmables comme les FPGAs peut être considérée comme un défi du fait que la fonctionnalité du dispositif est définie par le concepteur seulement après sa conception physique. Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire porte sur la conception de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse de la fiabilité aussi bien que des méthodes d'amélioration de la fiabilité d'un circuit numérique. / The design of circuits to operate at critical environments, such as those used in control-command systems at nuclear power plants, is becoming a great challenge with the technology scaling. These circuits have to pass through a number of tests and analysis procedures in order to be qualified to operate. In case of nuclear power plants, safety is considered as a very high priority constraint, and circuits designed to operate under such critical environment must be in accordance with several technical standards such as the IEC 62566, the IEC 60987, and the IEC 61513. In such standards, reliability is treated as a main consideration, and methods to analyze and improve the circuit reliability are highly required. The present dissertation introduces some methods to analyze and to improve the reliability of circuits in order to facilitate their qualification according to the aforementioned technical standards. Concerning reliability analysis, we first present a fault-injection based tool used to assess the reliability of digital circuits. Next, we introduce a method to evaluate the reliability of circuits taking into account the ability of a given application to tolerate errors. Concerning reliability improvement techniques, first two different strategies to selectively harden a circuit are proposed. Finally, a method to automatically partition a TMR design based on a given reliability requirement is introduced.

This thesis is a proposed solution to the problem of including an effective interrupt mechanism in the set of concurrent- processing primitives of a block-structured programming language or system. The proposed solution is presented in the form of a programming language definition and model. The language is called TRIPLE.

Le développement des clusters d’innovation ouvre plusieurs perspectives de recherches en raison de son importance dans le monde académique ainsi que dans les pratiques managériales. L’objet de cette recherche vise à confronter le modèle de la Triple Hélice « Etat, Industrie, Académie » en vue d’identifier des formes de gouvernance favorisant l’innovation des clusters. Nous accordons une importance particulière au rôle joué par l’état et aux politiques qu’il mène quant au développement de ces structures. La méthodologie repose sur une approche qualitative par « études de cas ». Trois études de cas ont été conduites sur des clusters égyptiens de type Technologie de l’Information et de Communication : Smart Village du Caire, Parc Technologique de Maadi et Greek Campus. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de sources différentes (entretiens semi-directifs, observations non participantes, exploitation des données secondaires). Une étude complémentaire a été effectuée au Maroc sur deux clusters afin de renforcer la validité externe de la recherche. Enfin, l’étude du modèle de CAPACITÉS, société de valorisation de l’Université de Nantes en France offre une mise en perspective. Les résultats de la recherche confirment la diversité des formes de gouvernance des trois clusters égyptiens (publique, privée, partenariat public privé) a impacté les stratégies à l’œuvre de l’innovation et l’entrepreneuriat. Cette thèse propose le modèle O2 Innovation pour l’innovation des clusters. Le modèle met en lumière l’importance de la diffusion de la culture de l’entreprenariat et souligne le rôle primordial de l’académie dans un processus d’innovation ouverte. / The development of innovation clusters has opened several research perspectives due to its importance in the academic world and in the managerial practices. The purpose of this research is to mobilize the Triple Helix model "State, Industry, Academy" in order to identify forms of governance favouring innovation of clusters. We have attached particular importance on the role played by the state and the policies it conducts in the development of these structures. The methodology is based on a qualitative approach based on "case studies". Three case studies were conducted on clusters mainly in the field of the Information Technology and Communication in Egypt: Smart Village of Cairo, Maadi Technology Park and Greek Campus. Data were collected from different sources (semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and secondary data). A complementary study was carried out on The Electronics, Mechanics and Mechatronics Cluster in Morocco and on the Morocco Microelectronics Cluster in order to reinforce the external validity of the research. Last but not least, we explored the case of CAPACITES; a knowledge valorization company created by the University of Nantes in France. The results of the research confirm that the diversity of governance forms of the three Egyptian clusters (public, private, public-private partnership) impacted the strategies of innovation and entrepreneurship. This thesis proposes the model O2 Innovation for the innovation of the clusters. The model highlights the importance of spreading the culture of entrepreneurship while emphasizing on the primary role of the academy in an open innovation process.

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Turism är den nya basnäringen i svensk ekonomi. För att företag inom turistindustrin ska bli konkurrenskraftiga och nå ökad tillväxt krävs innovationsprocesser. Tre studentuppsatser från 2007 har legat till grund för den här undersökningen. Syftet med den här studien är att kartlägga hur kunskapsöverföring som överlämnats från universitet till turistföretag bidragit med innovationsprocesser som lett till ökad tillväxt och konkurrenskraft i turistföretag. I samtliga undersökta fall påvisas att den överförda kunskapen varit mer bekräftande än innovativ för uppdragsgivarna. Vidare visar undersökningen att studentuppsatserna som erhållits varit för omfattande och för svåra att ta till sig för merparten av mottagarna. Undersökningen visar att kunskapen i sig, genom studentuppsatserna från universiteten inte varit bristfällig och obrukbar. Istället visar undersökningen att kommunikationen, mottagandet och situationen vid överföringen av uppsatsarbetets resultat varit bristfällig och hämmat implementering av innovationsprocesser.   Resultatet av studien visar att det behövs nya synsätt kring kunskapsöverföring och hur den kommuniceras. Att utveckla ett kunskapsöverföringsprogram, kvalitetssäkra överföringen och fastställa speciella normer för presentationen av utfört uppsatsarbete skulle kunna vara potentiella faktorer som förbättrade processen och medförde att merparten av mottagarna inom turistindustrin skulle kunna ta till sig den överförda kunskapen på ett bättre sätt.

Nanocrystalline materials could exhibit high mechanical yield strength. Nevertheless, with a high volume fraction in nanocrystalline material, grain boundaries and triple junctions which store a relatively high free energy, are thermally instable which potentially contribute to grain growth. On the other hand, since both grain boundaries and triple junctions are prior sites of impurity enrichment which could in return reduce the triple junction energy, alloys with impurity enriched in grain boundaries and triple junctions are widely applied to stabilize the nanostructures. However, past studies mainly focused on grain boundaries and the kinetic properties of triple junctions and their influences on the thermal stability of nanocrystalline metals is less studied. In this work, triple junction mobility and impurity diffusivity in triple junction are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, interface random walk method due to thermal fluctuation which has been widely applied to extract grain boundary mobility is extended to study triple junction motion.

Many families attend parenting programmes wanting assistance for their children’s behaviour problems and also for managing sibling relationships but there has been little research in this area. The aim of this research project was to assess the effects of the Triple P Level Four Positive Parenting Programme on the quality of the sibling relationships and parent-child relationships with four families drawn from a large city in New Zealand. Direct observation, semi informal parent interviews, questionnaires, child interviews, and anecdotal dated and timed notes were used to assess if there were changes in the quality of target child/sibling and the parent-child-sibling relationship and interactions. The Triple P Programme appeared to be an effective intervention for three of the four families according to final parent interviews. However, analysis of the direct observations indicated inconsistent and varied effects between and within measures.

The master thesis presents concept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and examines the CSR activities of companies operating on the Czech market. The aim of the thesis is to analyses the engagement of companies operating on the Czech market into the concept CSR and find out possibilities of further development by non-profit-organizations. The thesis focuses on social bottom.

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No description available.