L’action en urbanisme demeure un champ de recherche riche au regard de sa complexité. Par projet, elle est pratiquée selon une anticipation opératoire partiellement déterminée et repose sur des croyances. Le projet d’urbanisme se définit par l’articulation de plusieurs ambiguïtés notamment entre l’intention directrice de l’action et la confrontation de la réalisation à la réalité. Cette recherche participe à l’intelligibilité de la pratique du projet d’urbanisme, pratique de la complexité. Comme opérateur du projet d’urbanisme, les valeurs constituent l’objet de cette recherche. Nous proposons d’éclairer la pratique du projet par l’analyse de la mobilisation des valeurs dans, pour et par le projet. L’intrigue de cette recherche est la relation entre la mobilisation des valeurs dans le projet d’urbanisme et celui-Ci. Les hypothèses de ce travail reposent sur l’interaction entre la dynamique de cette mobilisation et la dynamique du projet. L’étude du projet Bossut à Cergy-Pontoise, pensé depuis plus de quatre décennies, et l’analyse de la mobilisation des valeurs dans ce projet, celles de Centralité, d’Identité et de Lien, ont révélé que les valeurs, si elles portent le projet d’urbanisme en retour sont portées par lui. Représentée par la figure du Tripode-Culbuto, la dynamique, à la fois stable et instable, de la mobilisation des valeurs dans, pour et par le projet, permet de gérer et de pratiquer une partie de la complexité du projet d’urbanisme. / Action in urban planning remains a field of research rich in terms of its complexity. Each project is performed based on an anticipated, partially determined, operating process and on beliefs as opposed to evidence. An urban planning project is defined as the interlink between several ambiguities, notably between the intended action of the planning and the reality of the situation. This research contributes to a better understanding of the practical considerations of an urban project, an exercise of complexity. The values as operators in urban planning constitute the subject of this research. We propose to provide substantial insights into the practicalities of urban planning by analyzing the mobilization of these values, in, for and by the project. The intrigue of this research is the relationship between the mobilization of these values in urban planning and the project itself. The hypotheses of this work rely on the interaction between the dynamic of this mobilization and the dynamic of the project. A study of the Bossut project in Cergy-Pontoise, which has been in the planning stages for four decades, and an analysis of the mobilization of the values herein (centrality, identity and connection), revealed that they did indeed support the project and, in return, were supported by it. Represented by the figure three-Legged stool / “Culbuto”, the dynamic of the mobilization of values in, for, and by the project, at times stable and unstable, allows managing and putting into practice some of the complexity of urban planning.

Most of the tall buildings that are built today have a straight and vertical shape, because vertical buildings are more stable and easily built than slanted ones. In the case of vertical building, bending moments in the base only exists from horizontal loads such as wind and seismic loads, but in slanted buildings there will also be bending moments from dead and live loads. In addition, transportation inside the building is also a challenge when it comes to slanted buildings. However, a new elevator system that ThyssenKrupp has developed will solve that problem. This new elevator has an ability to move in all direction both vertically and horizontally. The new structural system, Tube Mega Frame (TMF), has been studied and proved to have better efficiency than the central core with outriggers. Moving the bearing structure to the perimeter of the building, gives smaller overturning moment and better stability due to longer lever arm from the center. This thesis focuses on applying the Tube Mega Frame system to a slanted building which has a tripod structure. Different types of TMFs were used to compare the efficiency of the buildings performance. The TMF contains perimeter frame and mega columns with different binding systems such as belt walls and bracings. A pre-study has been carried out in order to see the overall behavior of the tripod shape. Different heights and inclinations have been analyzed with stick models. The analysis has been performed in the finite element software SAP2000 and deflections due to dead load was compared. The buildings with least deflection considering maximum height and maximum inclination was chosen for further model analysis in finite element software ETABS. Furthermore, a short study of different bracings system has been performed for the lateral loads and it concluded that X-bracing have better performance. The main study of this thesis focused on the two building models of 450 m with 7° inclination and 270 and 15° inclination. For each model, five different TMF systems were applied and analyzed. The TMF includes perimeter frame, perimeter frame with belt wall, mega columns, mega columns with belt wall and mega columns with bracings. Deformations due to wind load, seismic load and modal vibration has been compared. It concluded that the least deformation is achieved by the TMF mega columns with bracings for both models with two different heights. The periods of the building are comparatively lower than other systems. The deflection from TMF mega columns with belt walls did not differ much from the TMF mega columns with bracings. For the 270 m high building, the top story displacement was remarkably small because of the three legs, making it stiffer and stable. Even with the p delta effect, there were only millimeters of difference in top story displacement. TMF perimeter frame had a lower deflection than with belt wall, which should have been exact opposite. The reason was while making the total volume of buildings equal, the addition of belt walls led to thinner columns in the perimeter and lower stiffness.