Le premier objectif du projet HYBUS est d’intégrer un système de stockage par supercondensateurs dans un trolleybus permettant la récupération de son énergie de freinage afin d’assurer la continuité de l’alimentation des systèmes électriques embarqués. A terme un système de stockage plus conséquent est prévu pour permettre au trolleybus une autonomie de quelques mètres. Notre travail étudie la durée de vie de ce système. Plusieurs tests de vieillissement accéléré sur les supercondensateurs ont été mis en place au laboratoire AMPERE. Ces essais ont mis en évidence que le cyclage engendrait une forte accélération de la diminution de la capacité et de l’augmentation de la résistance série. Cependant, ces variations sont partiellement réversibles lors des phases de repos où une régénération s’opère. Une méthode se basant sur les dégradations observées en cours d’utilisation et les dégradations demeurant après régénération, a permis une mise en équation de l’évolution des paramètres internes des supercondensateurs. Un test d’endurance de systèmes complets de stockage a aussi été réalisé au laboratoire. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent une hétérogénéité du vieillissement due à l’existence d’importants gradients de température entre les composants. De ce fait, une nouvelle méthodologie d’équilibrage visant à égaliser les durées de vie de chacun des supercondensateurs a été mise au point. L’étude a donc contribué à une meilleure compréhension et évaluation du vieillissement des supercondensateurs dans le but d’améliorer la durée de vie de système de stockage de ce type. Une méthode est proposée pour estimer les dégradations en fonction des facteurs majeurs du vieillissement. / The first objective of the HYBUS project is to integrate a supercapacitor storage system in a trolleybus in order to ensure the continuity of onboard electrical systems supply. The aim is to integrate an energy storage system, composed by a huge number of supercapacitors, for the recovery of the braking energy of trolleybus and allow autonomy for several meters. Our work concerns the study of the lifetime of the storage system. Several accelerated aging tests on supercapacitors were developed in the AMPERE aboratory. These tests have shown that as far as ageing are concerned; the cycling is the major responsible. However, these changes are partially reversible during the rest time when regeneration phenomena are observed. A method based on the observed damage during cycling and the damage after regeneration, leads to a formal equation for the evolution of internal parameters of supercapacitors. An endurance test of complete storage systems was also performed in the laboratory. Experimental results show the heterogeneity of aging due to the existence of significant temperature gradients between components. As a result, a new balancing strategy to equalize the lifetime of each supercapacitors has been developed. In conclusion, our study has contributed to a better comprehension and evaluation of supercapacitors aging in order to improve the lifetime of this type of energy storage system. A method for the estimation of the supercapacitor lifetime has been also proposed.

Le premier objectif du projet HYBUS est d'intégrer un système de stockage par supercondensateurs dans un trolleybus permettant la récupération de son énergie de freinage afin d'assurer la continuité de l'alimentation des systèmes électriques embarqués. A terme un système de stockage plus conséquent est prévu pour permettre au trolleybus une autonomie de quelques mètres. Notre travail étudie la durée de vie de ce système. Plusieurs tests de vieillissement accéléré sur les supercondensateurs ont été mis en place au laboratoire AMPERE. Ces essais ont mis en évidence que le cyclage engendrait une forte accélération de la diminution de la capacité et de l'augmentation de la résistance série. Cependant, ces variations sont partiellement réversibles lors des phases de repos où une régénération s'opère. Une méthode se basant sur les dégradations observées en cours d'utilisation et les dégradations demeurant après régénération, a permis une mise en équation de l'évolution des paramètres internes des supercondensateurs. Un test d'endurance de systèmes complets de stockage a aussi été réalisé au laboratoire. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent une hétérogénéité du vieillissement due à l'existence d'importants gradients de température entre les composants. De ce fait, une nouvelle méthodologie d'équilibrage visant à égaliser les durées de vie de chacun des supercondensateurs a été mise au point. L'étude a donc contribué à une meilleure compréhension et évaluation du vieillissement des supercondensateurs dans le but d'améliorer la durée de vie de système de stockage de ce type. Une méthode est proposée pour estimer les dégradations en fonction des facteurs majeurs du vieillissement.

Le premier objectif du projet HYBUS est d'intégrer un système de stockage par supercondensateurs dans un trolleybus permettant la récupération de son énergie de freinage afin d'assurer la continuité de l'alimentation des systèmes électriques embarqués. A terme un système de stockage plus conséquent est prévu pour permettre au trolleybus une autonomie de quelques mètres. Notre travail étudie la durée de vie de ce système. Plusieurs tests de vieillissement accéléré sur les supercondensateurs ont été mis en place au laboratoire AMPERE. Ces essais ont mis en évidence que le cyclage engendrait une forte accélération de la diminution de la capacité et de l'augmentation de la résistance série. Cependant, ces variations sont partiellement réversibles lors des phases de repos où une régénération s'opère. Une méthode se basant sur les dégradations observées en cours d'utilisation et les dégradations demeurant après régénération, a permis une mise en équation de l'évolution des paramètres internes des supercondensateurs. Un test d'endurance de systèmes complets de stockage a aussi été réalisé au laboratoire. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent une hétérogénéité du vieillissement due à l'existence d'importants gradients de température entre les composants. De ce fait, une nouvelle méthodologie d'équilibrage visant à égaliser les durées de vie de chacun des supercondensateurs a été mise au point. L'étude a donc contribué à une meilleure compréhension et évaluation du vieillissement des supercondensateurs dans le but d'améliorer la durée de vie de système de stockage de ce type. Une méthode est proposée pour estimer les dégradations en fonction des facteurs majeurs du vieillissement.

Primary subject of this master`s thesis is to manage increasing traffic volumes between streets Korejská and Zborovská. The most appropriate solution seems to be connecting the Korejská and Hradecká street. Next aim of this work is to design terminus station and transfer terminal for passengers between trolleybus (lines n.34 and n.36) and North-south rail diameter (future express train line connecting north and south suburbs with city centre).

My master´s thesis is concerned with the problems of traffic accidents involving public transport in Brno. The first part of my master´s thesis is concentrated on an analysis of the structure of the vehicle fleet of the Dopravní podnik města Brna, a.s. (DPMB). There is an evaluation of traffic accidents of the vehicles of Brno´s public transport in the second part, according to the kind of traction. An analysis of the causes of the most common accidents was carried out on the basis of the ascertained results. In the last part, my master´s thesis is concerned with a proposal of measures to reduce the accident rate.

This work deal with the progress of trolleybus transport in Pardubice. This work evaluate the invesment project of construction a new trolleybus line from Pardubičky, točna to Černá za Bory, točna. The evaluation contain the calculation of current operation bus costs and the costs of new trolleybus line. After comparing the cost is evaluated a possible saving and determine the period of return on investment - construction of a new trolley tracks. The work also analyzes the current state of transport networks in Pardubice, bus and trolley lines, tariff terms and conditions of the current fleet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_ga_dr_ilha.pdf: 5228605 bytes, checksum: 52731e96bb6ac0861b1e6187109bafa8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese apresenta o desenvolvimento e os principais resultados para um retificador monofásico pré-regulador ”boost” para aplicação em sistema trólebus, possibilitando sua alimentação em corrente alternada (CA) ou em corrente contínua (CC), mantendose o sistema tradicional de distribuição da alimentação a dois fios. A estrutura proposta é composta por um retificador monofásico convencional, conectado a um conversor “boost” entrelaçado com cinco células, operando no modo de condução descontínua (MCD), reduzindo as perdas de comutação no diodo “boost”, interferências eletromagnéticas (EMI - electromagnetic interference) e propiciando o controle de forma simples, robusta e confiável para a estrutura. Além disso, devido às características das linhas de distribuição, a estrutura proposta pode atuar como conversor CA para CC ou CC para CC, fornecendo nível de tensão dentro da faixa adequada para o barramento CC. Quando alimentado pelo sistema em CA monofásico, o conversor propicia elevado fator de potência com reduzida distorção harmônica total de corrente (DHTi), atendendo plenamente às restrições da norma internacional IEC 61000-3-4. Adicionalmente, uma técnica de correção para a corrente de entrada, utilizando referência da tensão de entrada, é utilizada para garantir os baixos níveis de distorção harmônica, uma vez que a operação do pré-regulador retificador “boost” entrelaçado em MCD ocorre com reduzido ganho estático. Para a implementação do controle da regulação de tensão e correção da corrente de entrada, é empregado um dispositivo FPGA (field programmable gate array) utilizando linguagem de descrição de hardware (VHDL - verilog hardware description language). Utilizando o mesmo dispositivo FPGA, foi desenvolvido um controle de gerenciamento da operação, promovendo a comutação automática quando... / This thesis presents the development and experimental analysis of a special input stage converter for a Trolleybus type vehicle allowing its operation in AC (two wires, singlephase) or DC distribution networks. The proposed input stage architecture is composed by a conventional single-phase rectifier connected with a five interleaved boost rectifiers operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), avoiding commutation boost diode losses, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and promoting simple control actions, robustness and reliability for the structure. Furthermore, due to the power lines characteristics, the proposed input power structure can act as AC to DC or as DC to DC converter providing a proper DC output voltage range required to the DC bus. When operating as AC to DC, the converter is capable to provide high power factor with reduced input current harmonic distortion, complying with the imposed restrictions by IEC 61000-3-4 standard. In addition, a special input current correction technique, using input voltage reference, is employed in order to achieve low harmonic distortions considering operation with low voltage static gain for the DCM interleaved boost rectifier pre-regulator. For implementation of the output voltage control and input current correction was used a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device with verilog hardware description language (VHDL). In addition using the same FPGA device, a management control system was implemented, promoting the required automatic operation changes when the vehicle is commuted from the DC power supply to the AC power supply and viceversa, keeping the original electrical DC bus characteristics for the trolleybus. After a brief review, a development work process is presented, containing the design methodology with all needed mathematical expressions, simulations, control circuits, as well as a 3D Computer-Aided Designs... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Canesin / Banca: Falcondes Jose Mendes de Seixas / Banca: Dionizio Paschoareli Junior / Banca: Luiz Carlos de Freitas / Banca: João Batista Vieira Junior / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta o desenvolvimento e os principais resultados para um retificador monofásico pré-regulador "boost" para aplicação em sistema trólebus, possibilitando sua alimentação em corrente alternada (CA) ou em corrente contínua (CC), mantendose o sistema tradicional de distribuição da alimentação a dois fios. A estrutura proposta é composta por um retificador monofásico convencional, conectado a um conversor "boost" entrelaçado com cinco células, operando no modo de condução descontínua (MCD), reduzindo as perdas de comutação no diodo "boost", interferências eletromagnéticas (EMI - electromagnetic interference) e propiciando o controle de forma simples, robusta e confiável para a estrutura. Além disso, devido às características das linhas de distribuição, a estrutura proposta pode atuar como conversor CA para CC ou CC para CC, fornecendo nível de tensão dentro da faixa adequada para o barramento CC. Quando alimentado pelo sistema em CA monofásico, o conversor propicia elevado fator de potência com reduzida distorção harmônica total de corrente (DHTi), atendendo plenamente às restrições da norma internacional IEC 61000-3-4. Adicionalmente, uma técnica de correção para a corrente de entrada, utilizando referência da tensão de entrada, é utilizada para garantir os baixos níveis de distorção harmônica, uma vez que a operação do pré-regulador retificador "boost" entrelaçado em MCD ocorre com reduzido ganho estático. Para a implementação do controle da regulação de tensão e correção da corrente de entrada, é empregado um dispositivo FPGA (field programmable gate array) utilizando linguagem de descrição de hardware (VHDL - verilog hardware description language). Utilizando o mesmo dispositivo FPGA, foi desenvolvido um controle de gerenciamento da operação, promovendo a comutação automática quando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis presents the development and experimental analysis of a special input stage converter for a Trolleybus type vehicle allowing its operation in AC (two wires, singlephase) or DC distribution networks. The proposed input stage architecture is composed by a conventional single-phase rectifier connected with a five interleaved boost rectifiers operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), avoiding commutation boost diode losses, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and promoting simple control actions, robustness and reliability for the structure. Furthermore, due to the power lines characteristics, the proposed input power structure can act as AC to DC or as DC to DC converter providing a proper DC output voltage range required to the DC bus. When operating as AC to DC, the converter is capable to provide high power factor with reduced input current harmonic distortion, complying with the imposed restrictions by IEC 61000-3-4 standard. In addition, a special input current correction technique, using input voltage reference, is employed in order to achieve low harmonic distortions considering operation with low voltage static gain for the DCM interleaved boost rectifier pre-regulator. For implementation of the output voltage control and input current correction was used a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device with verilog hardware description language (VHDL). In addition using the same FPGA device, a management control system was implemented, promoting the required automatic operation changes when the vehicle is commuted from the DC power supply to the AC power supply and viceversa, keeping the original electrical DC bus characteristics for the trolleybus. After a brief review, a development work process is presented, containing the design methodology with all needed mathematical expressions, simulations, control circuits, as well as a 3D Computer-Aided Designs... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This paper contains an introduction that describes the current situation of the problem and its energy supply improvement. It discusses everything from power substations to trolleys which are fed through sections. There is a reference to the network operating deficiencies and possible solutions. The second part describes the development of these networks and their modernization in a growing city. It is verified by calculation if were our considerations good and proposed network will be normally reliable and capable. The final part deals with the economic balance of the project and its various alternatives. Development of energy networks and facilities cost many finance and these investments do not show immediately. Future will be paid off because as soon the changes come less problems may occur.