Herbicides were evaluated for control of non-native and invasive plants namely tropical soda apple (TSA) (Solanum viarum), tropical spiderwort or Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis), and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) from 2007 to 2012 in greenhouse at Plant Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville-Mississippi. In TSA study, aminopyralid at 0.88 or 0.12 kg ae/ha, and triclopyr + picloram + 2,4-D at (0.56 + 0.15 + 0.56) kg ae/ha controlled TSA seedlings emergence ranged from 83 to 96% at premergence (PRE), and 1 month after treatments (MAT). All herbicides failed to provide more than 63% control of TSA at 3 and 6 MAT. In Benghal dayflower study, bentazon, bromoxynil, chlorimuron ethyl plus tribenuron methyl, dimethenamid-P, nicosulfuron plus rimsulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, S-metolachlor plus glyphosate plus mesotrione, and sulfosulfuron provided less than 50% control of Benghal dayflower during 6 weeks of evaluation whereas other herbicides: aminocyclopyrachlor (34-96%) ametryn (2-55%), atrazine (2-68%), diclosulam (12-67%), flumioxazin (59-83%), saflufenacil (24-78%), and sulfentrazone (67-96%) provided variable control of Benghal dayflower. In Italian ryegrass study, 50 seeds of F1 generation of resistant biotype ’49E’ and susceptible biotypes ‘Gulf’ and ‘Marshall’ of Italian ryegrass which were previously grown in mixture were used. Each biotype’s F1 generation responce to imazapyr at 0, 1, and 2% under PRE, early post emergence (EPOST) and late postemergence (LPOST) was evaluated. At PRE, imazapyr at 1 and 2% reduced ‘49E’ seedlings emerged 3 and 18%, respectively, but both rates failed to have any significant impact on fresh biomass weight compared to untreated. At EPOST, survival of ‘49E’ shoots were reduced 3 to 10% by both rate of imazapyr whereas only imazapyr at 1% caused 0.74 to 3.8 % fresh biomass reduction. At LPOST, ‘49E’ shoot survival was reduced 9 to 12% by both rate of imazapyr whereas both rate of imazapyr reduced ‘49E’ fresh biomass 3 to 31%. In all the PRE, EPOST, and LPOST experiments, ‘Gulf’ and ‘Marshall’ were still susceptible to the imazapyr.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-09-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 algazi_adf_dr_jabo.pdf: 940112 bytes, checksum: 2ed564ef1af617edc20e4563d7fa8fa4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Metriona elatior Klug é potencial candidato para o controle biológico de Solanum viarum Dunal (joá-bravo), principalmente em locais onde está planta é caracterizada como invasora e exótica. A especificidade é um forte requisito para a adequabilidade de um organismo como agente de controle biológico. Assim, a preferência alimentar das diferentes fases de desenvolvimento desse inseto em laboratório, foi avaliada em quatorze híbridos de Solanum melogena Linnaeus (berinjela). Adicionalmente, foi realizado à análise citogenética do inseto e do joá-bravo. O estudo iniciou-se pelos testes de dupla e múltipla escolha, em períodos de exposição de 24 e 48 horas, oferecendo discos de tecido foliar, em condições de placas de Petri. As avaliações da sobrevivência e consumo foliar das larvas e adultos (recém emergidos e sem distinção sexual) foram realizadas em folhas de joá-bravo e nos híbridos de berinjela mantidas túrgidas pela imersão do pecíolo em água. A área foliar foi medida antes e após quatro dias de exposição ao inseto e a longevidade avaliada através de observações diárias. Os adultos e as larvas de M. elatior apresentaram maior taxa de alimentação, sobrevivência e consumo na planta daninha. Dentre os híbridos comercias, Minikuro Kowishiki e Redonda Wase Oomaru foram mais preferidos pelos adultos e larvas, respectivamente, do crisomelídeo em estudo. No entanto, estes dados são preliminares para teste de risco. As análises citogenéticas permitiram quantificar o número cromossômico de 2n = 24 para ovos de M. elatior e 2n = 18 nas raízes de S. viarum. / Metriona elatior Klug is a potential agent for the biological control of Solanum viarum Dunal (tropical soda apple), especially in regions where this plant is an exotic and invasive plant. Feeding specificity is an important requirement for the adoption of an organism as a biological control agent. The feeding preference of this insect at different development stages was tested under lab conditions in fourteen Solanum melogena Linnaeus (eggplant) hybrids and S. viarum. In addition, a cytogenetical analysis was performed in tropical soda apple and the insect. The study started with dual and multiple choice testes with exposure times of 24 and 48 hours, by providing leaf disks to insects in Petri dishes. Survival and leaf consumption of larvae and adults (nearly emerged, regardless of sex) were determined in tropical soda apple and eggplant leaves kept turgid by petiole immersion in water. Leaf area was measured before and after four days of exposure to the insect while longevity was determined through daily observations. M. elatior adults and larvae showed higher feeding, survival and consumption rates on the weed specie. The eggplant commercial hybrids Minikuro Kowishiki and Redonda Wase Oomaru were the most preferred by adults and larvae, respectively. However, results are still preliminary for a risk test. Cytogenetical analyses allowed us to count the chromosome number of M. elatior (2n = 24) in eggs and S. viarum (2n = 18) in roots.

Orientador: Robinson Antonio Pitelli / Banca: Sérgio Antonio de Bortoli / Banca: Silvano Bianco / Banca: Ricardo Victoria Filho / Banca: Nivar Gobbi / Resumo: Metriona elatior Klug é potencial candidato para o controle biológico de Solanum viarum Dunal (joá-bravo), principalmente em locais onde está planta é caracterizada como invasora e exótica. A especificidade é um forte requisito para a adequabilidade de um organismo como agente de controle biológico. Assim, a preferência alimentar das diferentes fases de desenvolvimento desse inseto em laboratório, foi avaliada em quatorze híbridos de Solanum melogena Linnaeus (berinjela). Adicionalmente, foi realizado à análise citogenética do inseto e do joá-bravo. O estudo iniciou-se pelos testes de dupla e múltipla escolha, em períodos de exposição de 24 e 48 horas, oferecendo discos de tecido foliar, em condições de placas de Petri. As avaliações da sobrevivência e consumo foliar das larvas e adultos (recém emergidos e sem distinção sexual) foram realizadas em folhas de joá-bravo e nos híbridos de berinjela mantidas túrgidas pela imersão do pecíolo em água. A área foliar foi medida antes e após quatro dias de exposição ao inseto e a longevidade avaliada através de observações diárias. Os adultos e as larvas de M. elatior apresentaram maior taxa de alimentação, sobrevivência e consumo na planta daninha. Dentre os híbridos comercias, Minikuro Kowishiki e Redonda Wase Oomaru foram mais preferidos pelos adultos e larvas, respectivamente, do crisomelídeo em estudo. No entanto, estes dados são preliminares para teste de risco. As análises citogenéticas permitiram quantificar o número cromossômico de 2n = 24 para ovos de M. elatior e 2n = 18 nas raízes de S. viarum. / Abstract: Metriona elatior Klug is a potential agent for the biological control of Solanum viarum Dunal (tropical soda apple), especially in regions where this plant is an exotic and invasive plant. Feeding specificity is an important requirement for the adoption of an organism as a biological control agent. The feeding preference of this insect at different development stages was tested under lab conditions in fourteen Solanum melogena Linnaeus (eggplant) hybrids and S. viarum. In addition, a cytogenetical analysis was performed in tropical soda apple and the insect. The study started with dual and multiple choice testes with exposure times of 24 and 48 hours, by providing leaf disks to insects in Petri dishes. Survival and leaf consumption of larvae and adults (nearly emerged, regardless of sex) were determined in tropical soda apple and eggplant leaves kept turgid by petiole immersion in water. Leaf area was measured before and after four days of exposure to the insect while longevity was determined through daily observations. M. elatior adults and larvae showed higher feeding, survival and consumption rates on the weed specie. The eggplant commercial hybrids Minikuro Kowishiki and Redonda Wase Oomaru were the most preferred by adults and larvae, respectively. However, results are still preliminary for a risk test. Cytogenetical analyses allowed us to count the chromosome number of M. elatior (2n = 24) in eggs and S. viarum (2n = 18) in roots. / Doutor