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The purpose of this paper is to project the demand for housing due to oil shale development in Uintah County, Utah. An overview of the present housing conditions is presented to give a better understanding of the housing situation as it exists at the present time. The demand for housing due to oil shale development is based upon a set of assumptions which was derived from data collected by the author and from a review of the literature. The demand for all housing units due to oil shale is estimated by subtracting the working wives of the employees from local service employment. The demand by type of structure (single, wife-family, multiple-family, and mobile homes) is estimated by making some assumptions about the types of housing each employment group (construction, operation, and lo cal service) will demand.

In North America, pikas (mammal genus Ochotona) are distributed throughout the western mountain ranges where they are mostly restricted to higher elevation talus slides. There are two species in North America, the Alaskan or Collared Pika (Ochotona collaris Nelson) and the American Pika (Ochotona princeps Richardson). The former is found north of 58 degrees north latitude and has no subspeciation, while the latter occurs south of 58 degrees latitude and consists of 35 subspecies isolated on various mountain ranges (Hall and Kelson 1959). In Utah there are nine subspecies, which are mostly distributed in the Wasatch range that runs northeast to southwest through Utah. They are also found in the LaSal Mountains and the Uinta Mountains, where this study was conducted. This subspecies of pika, Ochotona princeps uinta (Hollister) is found in the entire Uinta range and extends west into the central Wasatch Mountains.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economies of size in farming in the Roosevelt- Myton area of the Uintah Basin and to assess their impact on the financial viability of different size farms . This information will be useful in recommending changes to reclamation law. Farmer interviews were used to obtain cos t s of production for 160 , 320, 640 , and 1280 acre farms . The field data were entered into the Oklahoma State Budget Generator to provide the necessary cost breakdown . This in formation was used to derive a curve approximat ing the long run average cost curve and to determine the viability of different farm sizes. Cash flow problems of beginning farmers are discussed. Conclusions are drawn and implications for existing reclamation law are discussed.

The aim of this study is to estimate the future school enrollment in the Uintah School District that results from oil shale development . Future need for classrooms and teachers is also projected, and costs to the school district for providing this need are estimated. Yearly revenue from the oil shale plant and from new residential buildings due to the pl ant is also estimated. The annual costs and revenues are compared and it is observed that the costs exceed the revenue· during the first five years . The deficit can be reduced, however , if stagger sessions are used to provide needed classrooms and teachers . Also , temporary rather than permanent structures could go a long way towards reducing the cost to the school district. It is observed that a premature withdrawal of the oil shale company from the county would produce insolvency for the school district . The financial ability of the district in terms of assessed valuation is very closely related to the success of the shale industry . The time needed for industry maturity and eventual withdrawal is a very crucial factor in determining the needed finances of the school district. Caution must be exercised before any "big" capital expense is undertaken. Stagger sessions in combination with temporary structures may be the most prudent and economical way to provide the needed facilities . Stagger sessions eliminate capital expense, and the temporary structures could be sold or turned to other uses when not needed for classroom use. If stagger sessions are used, there may be no financial adjustments required of the school district in the event of industry withdrawal. This study should help education planners in the district involved to plan and execute a prudent school program despite the pressures from fast population increases . It should also help the planners to look ahead in securing funds to run the district. Armed with such statistics as are found in this study , the school district , the state government, and the oil shale companies could hopefully work out a method of filling in the gap during the revenue-short period until the industry fully matures .

A general survey of the vegetational changes of the rangelands of the Uinta Basin was made using historical records, documents, interviews, and recent vegetational surveys. Historical vegetatienal information about the Uinta Basin is very limited, most of it pertaining to the vegetation along the streams and rivers. Escalante, in 1776, mentioned the splendid groves of cottonwoods, the fine pastures, and the abundance of game along the rivers. Ashley in 1825 and Powell in 1870 entered the Basin via the Green River. Ashley crossed the Basin following the Duchesne River and its tributary the Strawberry River. He described the groves of cottonwoods and fine pastures found along the Rivers. Powell also described an abundant growth of vegetation along the rivers. General Fremont in 1844 described the hills at the middle elevations as being clothed with ''Cedar" and valleys supporting a covering of grasses. In 1905 the Ute Indian Reservation was opened for settlement. A majority of the settlers owned livestock which were grazed on the range the year around. At the time of this settlement the ranges probably supported near climax vegetation. The sagebrush areas were probably dominated by shrubs but also sustained a rich understory of grasses and forbs. The pinyon-juniper areas supported a sparse understory of shrubs, grasses, and forbs very similar to what is found today. The winter ranges, cottonwood river flood-plain, saltgrass meadows, badlands, mat Atriplex - Hilaria and the low-altitude Artemisia communities, supported a growth of palatable shrubs and grasses. Since these ranges were greatly overgrazed, they deteriorated first and have remained in this deteriorated condition. Little information could be found covering the high altitude ranges. Only two enclosure plots could be found and these indicated only slight deterioration between 1925 and 1963. The ranges as a whole show deterioration. The sagebrush areas show the greatest deterioration with an increase of shrub type vegetation and a decrease in grasses. Part of the Ute Indian Reservation is an exception of this. The Reservation has sustained very limited grazing since 1937 and many-areas have received rehabilitation measures, primarily spraying with herbicides. Areas under the management of the federal agencies have also received rehabilitation measures. The Forest Service has treated many areas and have greatly improved parts of the ranges, especially the mid-sagebrush community. The Bureau ot Land Management has also treated areas which has greatly improved range conditions, but the amount of range land treated compared to the amount of rangelend in the basin is so small that the ranges, except part of the mid-sagebrush range, are in a deteriorated condition. This is especially true of the winter ranges.

It was to provide some detailed information about the alpine flora , particularly as it relates to successional aspects , that the present study was undertaken . The environmental conditions of weather and soil , as they effect floral composition , are important factors in the plant succession or alpine communities . The investigation was designed to uncover such information about the alpine flora and environment necessary to establish the pattern of succession .

The major objectives of this study are to determine whether or not future needs for water in the Uinta Basin can be satisfied by the present quantity of water produced by the hydrology of the Basin. The specific objectives are as follows: 1. To determine the present demand for water in the Basin. 2. To determine the present annual quantity of water produced by the Basin. 3. To project the changes in the demand for water in the Uinta Basin resulting from energy, agricultural and other development. 4. To project the changes in the quantity of water available to satisfy these increased demands as successive units of water are made available.

Before presenting an economic analysis of farm tenure in the Uintah Basin, it will be helpful to consider some aspects of the historical, economic, and social background of that portion of the region included in this study. A portion of the Uintah Indian Reservation, which was created in 1861, was opened to white settlement under the homestead and townsite laws on August 28, 1905 after 103,000 acres of farming land had been allotted to individual Indians living on the reservation and 276,000 acres reserved for Indian grazing lands and timber reserve. Because of the large deposits of asphalt products that had been found nearby and a belief that the mountains were rich in minerals, much attention was attracted to this homestead opportunity. As a result 37,702 persons applied for entry of which it was estimated there would be land for only 5,772 when final drawings were made. Although this region seemed to be an "Eldorado" at that time it has later become one of the greatest problem areas of the State of Utah.

The development of oil shale resources will have a significant impact on the Uintah Basin in Utah. To analyze this impact, this study used a regionalized imput-output model. The input-output table for the State of Utah was revised to fit the Uintah Basin, using the RAS technique. The scarcity of water in the Basin may cause a shift of water use from irrigated agriculture to oil shale. This reduction in agricultural production was estimated, using demand curves for water in agriculture and an intergen programming model which generated minimum water requirements for shale developments from 25,000 barrels per day to 250,000 barrels per day. The inclusion of agricultural decline and of the shale industry's rows and columns, based on previous studies, allowed the estimation of a type IV multiplier. The input-output table was closed, and regional gross output estimated for the various levels of shale production. Results indicate very large changes in retail and wholesale trade, real estate and housing, and public service sectors for high levels of shale production. The loss in agricultural production appears to have almost insignificant effects in comparison. Local planners may be faced with providing significant increases in services, and a large expansion of the private sectors if shale development is substantial.