This master’s thesis deals with design and creation of ULP program for export of vector images in EMF (Enhanced Windows Metafile) format. The main aim of this thesis is to add support of all features of Autodesk Eagle version 9. Thesis is important due to bugs and imperfections of other ULP programs for exporting of vector images to other formats also because of they aim for older versions of Autodesk Eagle. With regard to small quantity of EMF literature, thesis is beneficial as it describes behaviour of base structures and describes creation of EMF metafile. It also provides example of iteration over individual parts of schemes and printed circuit boards. Main goal of this thesis was completed. User is allowed to export currently visible layers, set order of their printing, with remain of true colors and orientation. Program was tested in Autodesk Eagle systems version 9.1.3 and 9.3.2.

Consider a graph G with vertex set V in which each of the n vertices is assigned a number from the set {1, ..., k} for some positive integer k. This assignment phi is a labeling if all k numbers are used. If phi does not assign adjacent vertices the same label, then phi partitions V into k levels. In a level drawing, the y-coordinate of each vertex matches its label and the edges are drawn strictly y-monotone. This leads to level drawings in the xy-plane where all vertices with label j lie along the line lj = {(x, j) : x in Reals} and where each edge crosses any of the k horizontal lines lj for j in [1..k] at most once. A graph with such a labeling forms a level graph and is level planar if it has a level drawing without crossings.We first consider the class of level trees that are level planar regardless of their labeling. We call such trees unlabeled level planar (ULP). We describe which trees are ULP and provide linear-time level planar drawing algorithms for any labeling. We characterize ULP trees in terms of two forbidden subdivisions so that any other tree must contain a subtree homeomorphic to one of these. We also provide linear-time recognition algorithms for ULP trees. We then extend this characterization to all ULP graphs with five additional forbidden subdivisions, and provide linear-time recogntion and drawing algorithms for any given labeling.

A verificação da vitalidade pulpar depende de recursos semiotécnicos específicos, e, entre eles, os mais comumente empregados são os testes térmicos e elétrico. Tais testes apresentam limitações clínicas que interferem na análise e interpretação dos dados obtidos pelos mesmos. Os testes de sensibilidade são estímulos de origem térmica, elétrica ou mecânica aplicáveis ao dente e que são transmitidos às fibras nervosas sensitivas pulpares. Portanto, não leva em consideração a atividade circulatória do tecido pulpar e as condições de oxigenação, que são os reais indicadores da vitalidade do tecido. Nos casos de traumatismos dentários, por diversos fatores, a resposta pulpar se torna ainda mais difícil de obter. Assim, faz-se necessário avaliar o comportamento fisiológico pulpar através de testes denominados fisiométricos, destacando-se nesta área a oximetria de pulso, que é um método não invasivo e objetivo para determinação da saturação de oxigênio e taxa de pulso de um determinado tecido. Este estudo procurou estabelecer parâmetros para a utilização do oxímetro de pulso como teste de vitalidade pulpar, avaliando, comparativamente, os níveis de saturação de oxigênio obtidos do dedo indicador, de dentes controle positivo e de dentes permanentes traumatizados dos mesmos pacientes. Os dentes traumatizados apresentavam resposta negativa ao teste de sensibilidade pulpar com gás refrigerante e ausência de outro sinal ou sintoma indicativo de necrose pulpar. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante comparando-se as taxas de oxigenação dos dentes traumatizados nos três tempos (inicial, 30 e 60 dias) e que houve correlação entre as taxas de oxigenação do dedo indicador e dos dentes traumatizados e entre os dentes controle e os dentes traumatizados. Comparando-se as leituras obtidas neste estudo pode-se afirmar que taxas de oxigenação obtidas nos dentes traumatizados são confiáveis, permitindo ainda um monitoramento da condição pulpar ao longo do tempo. / The evaluation of pulp vitality depends on diagnosis methods. The most widely used are thermal and electric stimulation. However, thermal and electric testing has limitations in providing accurate diagnosis. These tests are subjective and depend upon perceived response of the patient to a stimulus, as well as the interpretation of that response by the dentist. The limitations with present pulp testing methods are that they only indirectly monitor pulp vitality by measuring neural responses and not circulation. For traumatized teeth, the pulp can be affected in a variety of ways as a function of the severity of the injury therefore, that teeth may not respond to vitality test and establishing an accurate and expedient diagnosis is even more complicated. Pulse oximetry is a completely objective test, requiring no sub jective response from the patient and directly measures the blood oxygen levels. This present study purpose was to evaluate the efficiency of pulse oximetry for testing pulp vitality by establishing correlation parameters between blood oxygen levels from the patient’s index finger, positive control teeth and traumatized permanent teeth which do not respond positively to thermal test with refrigerant spray and do not show any other sign or symptom of mortification. The results showed that there was no statistical significance between blood oxygen levels from traumatized teeth at the three different measure times (initial, 30 and 60 days) and there was a correlation between blood oxygen levels from index finger and the traumatized teeth and control teeth and traumatized teeth.

A verificação da vitalidade pulpar depende de recursos semiotécnicos específicos, e, entre eles, os mais comumente empregados são os testes térmicos e elétrico. Tais testes apresentam limitações clínicas que interferem na análise e interpretação dos dados obtidos pelos mesmos. Os testes de sensibilidade são estímulos de origem térmica, elétrica ou mecânica aplicáveis ao dente e que são transmitidos às fibras nervosas sensitivas pulpares. Portanto, não leva em consideração a atividade circulatória do tecido pulpar e as condições de oxigenação, que são os reais indicadores da vitalidade do tecido. Nos casos de traumatismos dentários, por diversos fatores, a resposta pulpar se torna ainda mais difícil de obter. Assim, faz-se necessário avaliar o comportamento fisiológico pulpar através de testes denominados fisiométricos, destacando-se nesta área a oximetria de pulso, que é um método não invasivo e objetivo para determinação da saturação de oxigênio e taxa de pulso de um determinado tecido. Este estudo procurou estabelecer parâmetros para a utilização do oxímetro de pulso como teste de vitalidade pulpar, avaliando, comparativamente, os níveis de saturação de oxigênio obtidos do dedo indicador, de dentes controle positivo e de dentes permanentes traumatizados dos mesmos pacientes. Os dentes traumatizados apresentavam resposta negativa ao teste de sensibilidade pulpar com gás refrigerante e ausência de outro sinal ou sintoma indicativo de necrose pulpar. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante comparando-se as taxas de oxigenação dos dentes traumatizados nos três tempos (inicial, 30 e 60 dias) e que houve correlação entre as taxas de oxigenação do dedo indicador e dos dentes traumatizados e entre os dentes controle e os dentes traumatizados. Comparando-se as leituras obtidas neste estudo pode-se afirmar que taxas de oxigenação obtidas nos dentes traumatizados são confiáveis, permitindo ainda um monitoramento da condição pulpar ao longo do tempo. / The evaluation of pulp vitality depends on diagnosis methods. The most widely used are thermal and electric stimulation. However, thermal and electric testing has limitations in providing accurate diagnosis. These tests are subjective and depend upon perceived response of the patient to a stimulus, as well as the interpretation of that response by the dentist. The limitations with present pulp testing methods are that they only indirectly monitor pulp vitality by measuring neural responses and not circulation. For traumatized teeth, the pulp can be affected in a variety of ways as a function of the severity of the injury therefore, that teeth may not respond to vitality test and establishing an accurate and expedient diagnosis is even more complicated. Pulse oximetry is a completely objective test, requiring no sub jective response from the patient and directly measures the blood oxygen levels. This present study purpose was to evaluate the efficiency of pulse oximetry for testing pulp vitality by establishing correlation parameters between blood oxygen levels from the patient’s index finger, positive control teeth and traumatized permanent teeth which do not respond positively to thermal test with refrigerant spray and do not show any other sign or symptom of mortification. The results showed that there was no statistical significance between blood oxygen levels from traumatized teeth at the three different measure times (initial, 30 and 60 days) and there was a correlation between blood oxygen levels from index finger and the traumatized teeth and control teeth and traumatized teeth.

The classical ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) tomato mutant bushy root (brt) was studied using a homozygous near isogenic line (brtNIL) in the Micro-Tom (MT) genetic background. The mutation has a pleiotropic phenotype comprising slow seedling development, which may be a consequence of a maternally-inherited small seed phenotype, and a more compact, smaller but not bushier, root phenotype. The number of lateral roots, total root length and taproot size are all smaller in brtNIL than the WT. The BRT locus was mapped to a 137 kbp region containing 9 candidate genes on chr 12; an InDel in the promoter region of Solyc12g014590 – containing two highly conserved pirin domains (Pirin_C and Pirin), was detected. Different expression patterns were confirmed by transcriptomic results, supporting Solyc12g014590 as the gene responsible for the brt phenotype. A naturally occurring recessive mutant named bifuricate (bif) shows an increase in inflorescence (truss) branching in comparison to the wild type (WT) control line, LAM183. In addition, the number of flowers per truss was 235% higher in bif plants than WT. Low temperature is known to increase truss branching, and so a four day low temperature treatment was applied and it was demonstrated that flowering increased significantly more in bif than in LAM183. The BIF locus was mapped to a 2.01 Mbp interval of chromosome 12 containing 53 genes. All coding region polymorphisms in the interval were surveyed, and two genes Solyc12g019420 (a BTB/TAZ transcription factor) and Solyc12g019460 (a MAP kinase) contained one stop codon predicted to disrupt gene function; both genes are excellent candidates for inflorescence branching control based on literature evidence. A newly developed introgression browser was used to demonstrate that the origin of the bif mutant haplotype is Solanum galapagense.