Orientador: Prof. Dr. Célio Adrega de Moura Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2017. / Atualmente esta sendo desenvolvendo um experimento de oscilacao de neutrinos de longa linha de base, o Deep Undergound Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). O DUNE tem como objetivos mensurar fase de violacao CP, descrita pelo parametro CP e determinar a hierarquia de massa e o octante do angulo de mistura 23. Alem disso, o DUNE tambem investigara os neutrinos de supernovas, o decaimento do proton (que pode ser um indicio da unificacao das forcas) e fisica alem do modelo padrao. Neste trabalho, explora-se o potencial e a sensitividade do DUNE para determinar os valores dos parametros que mensuram interacoes de neutrinos nao descritas pelo Modelo Padrao das Particulas Elementares (MP), chamadas de interacoes nao-padrao (NSI). Investiga-se tambem como a distribuicao de materia ao longo da linha de propagacao de neutrinos influencia na determinacao dos parametros de NSI. Para tanto, descreve-se como sao as interacoes de neutrinos com a materia terrestre por interacoes padrao e nao-padrao. Apresentam-se as caracteristicas do DUNE e os dois modelos de densidade de materia para a linha do feixe que foram testados: a gReferencia Preliminar do Modelo da Terrah (PREM) e o modelo descrito por Shen e Ritzwoller (SR). Simula-se o espectro de energia no detector utilizando-se o software General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator (GLoBES). Obtem-se a sensitividade dos parametros de interesse utilizando um metodo de 2 e compara-se a sensitividade para os diferentes modelos de densidade de materia utilizando-se as areas das curvas de sensitividade do espaco de parametros e tambem as amplitudes dos parametros. Os resultados corroboram com a proposta do DUNE em medir os valores de CP e 23 com uma precisao maior que os experimentos atuais, assim como determinar a hierarquia das massas. Como uma nova contribuicao para a colaboracao DUNE, mostrou-se que a mudanca na distribuicao da densidade de materia da linha do feixe causa um desvio de no maximo 1,4 relativo na determinacao do intervalo de valores de CP . Para a determinacao dos intervalos de valores dos parametros de NSI, ha um desvio minimo de 1,4 relativo para a determinacao de "ee e um desvio maximo de 4 relativo na determinacao de |"e¿Ê|. Mostra-se ainda que o DUNE podera restringir os valores dos parametros de NSI para valores menores que 1 para os parametros "ee e " e valores menores que 0,1 para os demais parametros de NSI. / Currently it is being developed an experiment of long baseline neutrino oscillation, the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). DUNE aims to measure the CP violation phase, described by the parameter CP , determine the mass hierarchy, and the octant of the mixing angle 23. In addition, DUNE will also investigate supernova neutrinos, proton decay (which may be a signal of the unification of forces), and physics beyond the standard model. In this work, we explore the sensitivity of DUNE to determine the values of the parameters that measure neutrino interactions not described by the Standard Model of Elementary Particles (MP), the so called nonstandard interactions (NSI). We also investigate how the distribution of matter along the baseline of neutrino propagation influences the determination of NSI parameters. Therefore, standard and nonstandard neutrino interactions with Earth¿s matter is described. We present the features of DUNE and test two models of matter density along the beam line. These models are the "Preliminary Reference Earth Model" (PREM) and the model described by Shen and Ritzwoller (SR). The energy spectrum is simulated in the detector using the General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator (GLoBES) software. The sensitivity of the parameters of interest are obtained using a method of 2 and the sensitivities for the different matter density models are compared using the allowed regions in the parameter space. The results corroborate with DUNE proposal to measure the values of CP and 23 with greater accuracy than current experiments and determine the mass hierarchy. As a new contribution to the DUNE collaboration, we show that the change in the density distribution of the beam line causes a deviation of at most 1.4 relative in determining the range of values of CP . For determination of the ranges of values of the NSI parameters, there is a minimum deviation of 1.4 relative for the determination of "ee and a maximum deviation of 4 relative in determining |"eì|. We also show that DUNE may restrict the values of the NSI parameters to values less than 1 for the parameters "ee and " , and values less than 0.1 for the other NSI parameters.

The strong variation in carbonate content of the geological formations in the basin of Sprimont, Belgium, implies different groundwater behaviours in the substratum. The existence of carbonated materials such as limestone is responsible for the existence of a well-developed karstic system restricted to the Carboniferous materials which has a strong impact on the local hydrology and hydrogeology. Surface streams lose through local sinkholes to resurface at the spring of Trou Bleu, the only outlet of the basin and the drainage point of local aquifers. The study focuses on the assessment of existing links between surface losing streams and the spring, and on the tracing of any anthropogenic contamination, by using hydrochemical parameters (major ions, nitrogen forms, organic carbon…), isotopic compositions (δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3 and δ11B), pharmaceutical substances (caffeine, paracetamol…) and natural fluorescence as tools. Results strongly support each other regarding evidences of sewage contamination and agriculture and livestock farming waste occurrence in the basin, while reflecting the strong heterogeneity of landuse as observed on-site. Previous knowledge on hydrological dynamics is supported by collected data and reinforced by stream-by-stream discussions and estimate of the relative contribution of each surface streams to the spring water composition. / Erasmus+ traineeship at University of Liège