The objective of the dissertation thesis is to examine selected problems in the education of secondary level music teachers that influence their professional performance, in the context of current social and education policies of the Czech Republic and the Republic of Austria. The specific issues addressed are: career benefit system, professional standards of teachers, ageing of teachers' population, social and economic status of teachers and feminisation in schools. A comparative analysis of the university curricula for undergraduate music teacher training both in the Czech Republic and the Republic of Austria forms part of the dissertation thesis. The practical research part presents the results of the research questionnaire survey of opinions of the music education university students and graduate teachers on their university training, motivation to be a teacher and depicts their problems at the beginning of their teacher's career. In conclusion, the selected problems of music teacher education are viewed by university teachers and administration workers by means of semi- structured interviews.