Lau King Leung, Raymond. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2003, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 81). / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Vision and Background Thought / Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Objectives / Chapter 1.3 --- Architectural Criticism : Old Neighbourhood and Urban Renewal / Chapter 2 --- Development Process / Chapter 2.1 --- Thesis Methodology / Chapter 2.2 --- Time Schedule / Chapter 3 --- Precedent Studies / Chapter 3.1 --- "Early Urban Renewal in Manhattan, New York" / Chapter 3.2 --- "Byker Wall, Newcastle" / Chapter 3.3 --- "Temple Bar, Dublin" / Chapter 4 --- Research Paper / Chapter 4.1 --- Site Selection / Chapter 4.2 --- Historic Background / Chapter 4.3 --- Physical Characteristics / Chapter 4.4 --- Behavioural Mappings / Chapter 4.5 --- Human Activities / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion and Design Issue / Chapter 5 --- Design Development / Chapter 5.1 --- Preliminary Design Strategies / Chapter 5.2 --- Planning Design / Chapter 5.3 --- Street Design / Chapter 5.4 --- Building Design / Chapter 6 --- Final Design / Chapter 6.1 --- Plane - Planning Strategy / Chapter 6.2 --- Line - Community Street / Chapter 6.3 --- Point-Heart / Chapter 7 --- Appendix / Chapter 7.1 --- Interviews with Local Residents / Chapter 7.3 --- Model Photo Album / Chapter 7.2 --- References

Chan Wing Kai Aaron. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1996-97, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter 1.0 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- the water city / Chapter 1.2 --- the four different scales / Chapter 2.0 --- WHY MAKING A WATER CITY? / Chapter 2.1 --- water is an unique asset to Hong Kong / Chapter 2.2 --- magical quality / Chapter 2.3 --- water can interact with architecture to have more urban life involved / Chapter 3.0 --- SITE AND SITE SELECTION / Chapter 3.1 --- criteria / Chapter 3.2 --- west Kowloon / Chapter 3.3 --- problems and opportunities of reclamation plan in West Kowloon shifting of urban center / Chapter 4.0 --- SITE BACKGROUND / Chapter 4.1 --- extend of governement reclamation plan / Chapter 4.2 --- cultural and social / Chapter 4.3 --- physical condition / Chapter 5.0 --- PROBLEMS & OPPORTUNITIES / Chapter 5.1 --- the Metroplan / Chapter 5.2 --- non-accessible sea front / Chapter 5.3 --- urban pockets and deteriorated open spaces / Chapter 5.4 --- "interaction of water with human activities," / Chapter 5.5 --- visual connection / Chapter 5.6 --- the living standard of people / Chapter 5.7 --- continuation / Chapter 5.8 --- Water front & activity center / Chapter 6.0 --- SITE CONSTRAINT / Chapter 6.1 --- expressway and MTR network / Chapter 6.2 --- sea channels and anchoring area / Chapter 6.3 --- landuse proportion / Chapter 6.4 --- plot ratio / Chapter 6.5 --- building height control / Chapter 6.6 --- recreational space provision / Chapter 6.7 --- road area provision / Chapter 6.8 --- residential area provision / Chapter 7.0 --- CLIENT PROFILE / Chapter 7.1 --- urban planning exercise / Chapter 7.2 --- comprehensive development / Chapter 8.0 --- VISION / MISSION / Chapter 8.1 --- restucturing of the water front district / Chapter 8.2 --- improve living environment / Chapter 8.3 --- enhance Hong Kong' / Chapter 9.0 --- GOALS / Chapter 9.1 --- maximize number of possibilities and compositions / Chapter 9.2 --- improve integration of architecture and water bodies. / Chapter 9.3 --- introduce more activities around the water front. / Chapter 9.4 --- Improve accessibility to the waterfront. / Chapter 9.5 --- "to interpret the ""magical"" quality of water in more tangible elements and architectural settings" / Chapter 10.0 --- PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT / Chapter 10.1 --- activities / Chapter 10.2 --- treatment of vehicular roads / Chapter 10.3 --- accessibility / Chapter 10.4 --- communal-wise water city / Chapter 10.5 --- Maximize water frontage / Chapter 10.6 --- design of sea frontage detail / Chapter 10.7 --- continuation / Chapter 10.8 --- ways of travel / Chapter 11.0 --- SCHEDULE OF ACCOMODATION / Chapter 11.1 --- the urban planning exercise / Chapter 11.2 --- the comprehensive development / Chapter 12.0 --- SUBJECT ANALYSIS / Chapter 12.1 --- urban design case studies / Chapter 12.2 --- precedent studies / Chapter 12.3 --- water front and architecture design typology studies / Chapter 13.0 --- THE DESIGN PROCESS / Chapter 13.1 --- test design at western District / Chapter 13.2 --- test design at West Kowloon / Chapter 13.3 --- test design at Kai Tak airport area / Chapter 13.4 --- design evolution / Chapter 14.0 --- THE PRODUCT / Chapter 14.1 --- an alternative proposal for the landfill at West Kowloon / Chapter 14.2 --- a district planning at the Southern part of West Kowloon / Chapter 14.3 --- landuse and access / Chapter 14.4 --- street section studies / Chapter 14.5 --- water front edge design / Chapter 14.6 --- the water front comprehensive development / Chapter 14.7 --- planning logic of the whole complex / Chapter 14.8 --- perspective studies of complex design / Chapter 14.9 --- complex zoning plan / Chapter 14.10 --- recreational building and water front cafe complex design / Chapter 14.11 --- the water front cafe / Chapter 14.12 --- recreational building / Chapter 14.13 --- detail studies / Chapter 15.0 --- CONCLUSION / BIBLIOGRAPHYAND / ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFOR / ILLUSTRATIONS

This study seeks to analyze the changes in the effects of determinants of earnings inequality and their labor market implications in urban China from 1988 to 2002. It analyzes urban individual data from the 1988, 1995, and 2002 surveys of the China Household Income Project by studying its inequality measures and summary statistics, and by conducting an ordinary least squares regression, quantile regression, and regression-based decomposition analysis. It finds that the labor market has indeed been rewarding human capital variables, in which age and work experience, which are related to seniority, have been decreasing in their contribution to earnings inequality, whereas education and skill-based occupation have been increasing their contributions to earnings inequality. In addition, the labor market has become more discriminatory in terms of gender, which has increased its contribution to earnings inequality, and less discriminatory in terms of minority status and Communist party membership, which have decreased their contributions to earnings inequality. The labor market has also become more segmented in terms of work unit sector, which has increased its contribution to earnings inequality, but has also become less segmented in terms of ownership, which has actually started to contribute to earnings equality. These observations show that urban China’s labor market has been becoming more market-oriented and has been progressing overall, except for its increasing gender discrimination and segmentation by sector.

From the analysis of the Dongsheng project which applied ecological sanitation in multi-storey buildings in China, we found that technical deficiencies, managerial problems and incorrect usage of the urine-diverting toilets resulted in the poor performance of the Dongsheng ecological sanitation system. Lack of standards or guidelines, and lack of policies or regulations are significant challenges in implementing the ecological sanitation system. Residents in the Dongsheng eco-town have positive attitudes toward reusing human faeces and urine in agriculture since China has a long tradition of this. However, the residents did not know very well about the value of urine, and the local farmers did not want urine. Women in China are more concerned with sanitation from a health aspect than men. Higher education level is connected to more positive attitudes towards human faeces and urine and their reuse. However, there is no link between income status and the attitudes of users. The supply chain for ecological sanitation systems is weak in urban China and needs to be improved. Apart from the demand side and supply side of ecological sanitation, enabling ecological sanitationto go to scale in an urban context depends on physical, environmental, technical and policy factors.

published_or_final_version / Geography / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Environmental Management / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Chinese cities have experienced dramatic growth and transformation since the initiation of economic reforms in 1978. One of the main characteristics of contemporary urban development in China has been the massive expansion of urban land, which has become one of the most important means to generate fiscal revenue and promote local economic growth. The existing literature on urban China has addressed issues such as China’s urbanization, changing urban land use and changing public finance. What is missing from the existing literature is the interrelationship among these three processes. The links between urban socioeconomic development and land use change remain poorly understood, and the discussion of the relationship between institutional changes and urban land development has been rather limited. This thesis takes a political economy perspective to investigate the relationship among institutional changes, urban land development and urban socio-economic changes in Chinese cities, using Beijing as a case. The main argument made in this study is that urban land development has worked as an important medium to channel the effects of institutional changes toward shaping the pattern of urban economic and social development. During the period of 1996 -2008, Beijing experienced large-scale urban expansion. The area of agricultural land and unused land dropped by 1.1% and 2.9% respectively while the land used for construction increased by 5.6%, and the urban built-up area in 2008 was 2.75 times of the area in 1996. My research has found that the peak of Beijing’s urban land development occurred in the period of 2001 to 2004 when both the growth of urban construction land and the transaction volume of land conveyance reached their climax. Much of the newly increased construction land was converted from agriculture for industrial use. Over space, urban land development in Beijing was concentrated in the northwestern and eastern regions. My detailed analysis of the sources and dynamics of urban land development in Beijing has identified profound institutional changes made in the central-municipal fiscal relations as the most important driving forces responsible for the temporal, structural, and spatial characteristics of land development demonstrated in Beijing. My further assessment of the effects of urban land development in Beijing has revealed a mixed picture of improved economic efficiency and persistent social and spatial disparity. The efficiency of Beijing’s economic growth has improved significantly when compared with its past and with other cities in the region. However, the internal variations in urban socioeconomic development in the Beijing city-region has been worsen. By establishing the relationship among the three elements, namely urban land development, institutional changes and urban socio-economic development, this research challenges the conventional wisdom that sees land development as simply the passive outcome of economic growth and suggests that land should better be seen as the “medium” to connect and materialize the effects of changes in the political and institutional arena upon urban social and economic transformation. / published_or_final_version / Geography / Master / Master of Philosophy

Public-private partnership (PPP) has been an important issue in recent decades. PPP is seen by some as a cure for inefficient and over-burdensome modern government. Yet, by observing practices in China, this research aims to answer the simple questions: why has there been a decline in PPPs? How does government decide whether or not to establish partnership with private enterprises? By investigating the case of Primary Land Development (PLD) in China especially in Beijing, this research has attempted to provide explanations mainly in relation to coordination effectiveness involving a resource interdependence theory. Logic of institutionalism is followed. External environment, key institutions and attributes of PLD field are also carefully examined to further explain the change of resources and coordination effectiveness. This research conducts longitudinal comparison of cases within one case city: Beijing. The focal level is Beijing municipal level. Three time horizons are examined, which are 2002—2004, 2005—2008, and 2009-2010. The First-hand data in this study have two main sources: in-depth interviews with key policy participants and archives acquired through fieldwork. Secondary data including statistical yearbooks, laws and policies, news, and research carried out by previous students are also employed by the research. This research examines the changes of external political and economic environment in each time horizon. It compares the coordination effectiveness between PLD policy-makers and PLD implementers and between PLD implementers and other stakeholders in PLD process within each time period. Through examining the three stages of PLD in Beijing, this research develops the following findings. First, fiscal decentralization and cadre management are two important elements shaping the incentives of policy-makers in China. Second, coordination effectiveness in two dimensions influence policy-makers in decisions related to PPP. Third, the degree and the extent of resource interdependence influences whether coordinator can employ the most suitable and effective mechanisms to coordinate. Fourth, changes to the external economic and political environment will change the incentives and policy choices of policy-makers, and also change the resources held by different actors. Fifth, coordination matters. When traditional mechanisms such as hierarchy and the market do not work well in many cases, the ability to employ new coordination mechanisms such as networks is particularly important in achieving the desired goals of coordinators. Finally, in countries like China which is dominated by political logic, the more politically significant a field is, the less likely it is that PPPs will exist. / published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Urban Design / Master / Master of Urban Design

published_or_final_version / Urban Design / Master / Master of Urban Design