Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-54). / by Robert A. Brown. / M.S.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44). / In 1920, the state of New York enacted the first rent control laws in the nation. Leading up to these laws were three years of tenant agitation and activism during a housing crisis of unprecedented proportions. Tenants worked collectively, employed the techniques of labor unions, and lobbied their state legislature, governor, and even the president for relief. This thesis examines in more detail the tenant activism of this period, through informal groups of tenants, city-wide associations, action in court and in front of city bodies, and on the state and federal level. / by Sara Katherine Copeland. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH / Bibliography: leaves 105-117. / by Nicole R. Faghin. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-181). / Over the past decade, local transportation agencies have increasingly re-designed urban arterials, their cities' major surface streets, to better accommodate a wide range of users. At the same time, a growing number of agencies are using performance measurement, the tracking and reporting of specific transportation-related variables, to evaluate and document their impacts. This report attempts to understand the role that performance measurement plays in design decision-making for urban arterial streets. First, the report examines how the selection and prioritization of performance measures shape urban arterial forms. While agencies in the mid-20th Century prioritized automobile performance in arterial design, present-day agencies attempt to balance performance across a broader range of street users and performance goals. Second, the report explores how local agencies can use performance-based planning for urban arterial projects at the same time as they engage in community-focused design processes. Research in transportation policy defines performance-based planning as a framework for agencies to use performance goals and measurement to guide decision-making. Existing research largely neglects the use of performance-based planning for project-level decisions and local transportation agencies. Since performance measurement systems hold agencies accountable to well-defined goals, performance-based planning may have value for both stakeholders and local officals in urban arterial design processes. To understand the potential role of performance-based planning for project-level design, this report examines four cases of urban arterial design: two in New York City (Prospect Park West in Brooklyn and 34th Street in Manhattan), and two in Portland, OR (North Williams Avenue and East Burnside). The cases were chosen because, in each, local officials faced community conflict about design and employed some form of performance measurement. The case study analysis finds that agencies can use performance-based planning to both guide design decisions and to actively engage community stakeholders. Among the cases considered, most employed only some features of performance-based planning, primarily to evaluate impacts and to make modifications to preliminary designs. One case, North Williams in Portland, was unique, however, in using a complete form of performance-based planning as a tool to increase participation by community stakeholders in the design process. Building upon the lessons from North Williams and the other cases, this report recommends a new framework for performance-based planning that attempts to empower stakeholders to participate in design decision-making, but recognizes that performance-based planning alone cannot resolve community conflicts. / by Jeremy R. Steinemann. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-148). / Since the latter half of the nineteenth century, water delivery and stormwater removal have been managed largely by engineering staff at water utilities, municipal departments and multi-jurisdiction authorities. In recent decades, a number of factors have challenged the traditional operation of these entities. In arid regions particularly, withdrawals to meet the demands of growing populations have been restricted by environmental and legal limitations. After amendments to the Clean Water Act, municipalities have been charged with improving the quality of stormwater discharged into lakes, rivers, and oceans. Perhaps most formidable have been financial and budgetary constraints. Without the ability to upgrade and even maintain infrastructure through conventional means, agencies and water departments have instead sought to change how people use that infrastructure. While these efforts include land use planning, regulations on new development, and partnerships with industrial, commercial, and institutional stakeholders, this study looks specifically at single-family households. Their high percentage as a portion of the population and the impact of their yards on water resources make them a particularly critical group for involvement in management. Generally, three methods are used, often in tandem, to motivate residents to adopt different behaviors and landscape practices: regulations, which include enforcement; pricing, including incentives; and community-based social marketing. This study reviews those methods in the context of water conservation and stormwater management to evaluate how effective they are. Regulations are problematic in both water conservation and stormwater management, in the former because of the need for enforcement, in the latter because most codes were written during a period of centralized management. As for financing mechanisms, the underlying model of pricing is strong, particularly for water. However, for stormwater, the rates are too low to motivate change. Other methods for funding projects, raising revenue and sharing costs have great potential. Community-based social marketing (CBSM) is a powerful methodology grounded in research about audience values and behaviors. Its impact is greatly determined by the relative strength of communities in which it is used and by the level of personal interaction with staff. Coordination among if not unification by water and stormwater departments holds additional potential. / by Zach Youngerman. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-149). / This research examines practices that achieve an urban fabric unique to its cultural heritage by promoting innovation in local building industries while embracing notions of urban livability. Prevailing urban livability theorists argue that built form is a physical manifestation of the expression of culture and agree that cultural heritage is important to a community's sustainability and identity. The central hypothesis is that "Quality" in the built environment in Bhutan is accomplished only by employing traditional building practices. "Quality", as defined here, is achieved when two factors are satisfied: 1) the construction is equal to or above established standards and, 2) the construction practice possesses the distinct characteristics of the culture. This hypothesis is tested through five case studies of current buildings in urban centers and through various discussions with design professionals, construction practitioners, government officials and others in Thimphu, Bhutan. The Royal Government of Bhutan is at the forefront of cultural heritage initiatives and has been celebrated for its progressive Gross National Happiness (GNH) development vision, a document that articulates the criteria for defining the distinct characteristics of the Bhutanese culture. However, the government has been challenged to implement this vision while facing the rapid development of its nascent urban centers. As part of the conclusion, the thesis proposes the establishment of a research institute, The Housing Research Institute of Bhutan, for the study of responsible building practices in support of GNH. The mission would be to inform design, development and construction processes formulated from the collection and dissemination of information, promotion of knowledge exchange, and support of research on materials, regulation, management and design through building demonstration projects. The institute will act as a conduit for the convergence of information and priorities between industry, contractors, government agencies and the public. / Alexis Anne Bennett. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 73). / by Belinda Louie Luscinskas. / M.S.

Thesis (S.M. and M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-178). / The thesis of this work is to better understand the competitive effects of developing second-home master-planned communities in an environmentally oriented fashion. The competitive effects, are understood by examining the "traditional" land development approach and comparing it to the approach used in two case studies in this research-Spring Island and Dewees island. These measurements and comparisons are used to understand and nform the effectiveness of an environmentally-oriented development approach, whereby these development strategies can be put forth and adopted as an approach to create value in future residential developments. The study derives its information from personal interviews and secondary research on the two developments. The research then presents a comprehensive synopsis of the competitive strategies so that the subtle relationships between consumer preferences, development risks, and market feasibility can be better understood. This thesis is intended to better inform community developers of the benefits, financial and otherwise, that one can capture through a whole-systems approach to master-planned community development. A whole-systems approach to residential development is defined by taking the three primary drivers for decision-making, economics, community and environment, and actively considering the interconnections between the systems in a balanced orientation. This concept is often referred to as the 'solutions multiplier' effect. This thesis finds that residential community developers in the South Carolina Low Country secondhome market can generate significant premiums and differentiate their communities in a highly competitive marketplace, while making better decisions that are more responsive to a project's social, aesthetic, environmental, and economic site through a whole-systems market-based development approach. It will be shown that bringing these three primary drivers together and capitalizing on their interconnections has realized multiple benefits over their competition while creating a new community development prototype. / by Jeffrey William Rapson. / S.M.and M.C.P.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-112). / In the 1970s and 80s, the rapid development of San Francisco's Financial District encroached upon Chinatown's intimately-scaled neighborhood. Developers took whole city blocks that housed low-income immigrants to build the glass and steel office towers that define the city's current skyline. In response, the Chinatown community organized to downzone the neighborhood, which effectively froze the neighborhood from any further development. Today, the continual influx of immigrants who are dependent on Chinatown's services demand greater affordable housing in the neighborhood. As affordable housing becomes scarcer citywide and as Chinatown's building stock ages, neighborhood leaders want to know how to meet the high need for well-maintained affordable housing within the neighborhood. This thesis will examine the barriers that prevent affordable housing development in San Francisco's Chinatown. While affordable housing is a citywide issue not limited to Chinatown, the city's efforts have been targeted at redevelopment of outlying and industrial parts of the city rather than within existing neighborhoods. Special neighborhood zoning, cultural values of residents and property owners, intra-community politics, and its particular history make the development a highly contested issue. I will argue that the neighborhood's zoning (including bulk limits and inclusionary requirements) has been too restrictive to develop viable affordable housing in Chinatown and will propose rezoning as one mechanism for affordable housing development. / (cont) I will further illustrate the impacts of zoning changes in height and density on the neighborhood's urban form. The thesis will also provide insight into incentives and partnerships with public and financial institutions that can motivate long-time property owners to rehabilitate or redevelop their properties. My conclusions and proposals will be informed by key informant interviews with current property owners, residents, community organizers, and city officials in Chinatown and San Francisco. My hope is that by examining Chinatown as a case study and developing regulatory and economic strategies to encourage affordable housing development, it will also serve as a resource for other low-income built-out urban neighborhoods. / by Bryant Tan. / M.C.P.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-62). / by Rosa M. Quiros. / M.C.P.