Playing is the dominant activity in children's daily life, but is the playground still the place where children have their first encounter with societal roles, norms and values of today’s society, through the act of playing? The playground functions as the place where children are forced to educate themselves, in learning to develop, to make decisions, to solve problems, and to regulate emotions. They look for risks in order to test and explore their physical limits. In this research, I will be focusing on the existing playground in the street of my childhood home aiming to gain understanding as to whether or not the playground still fits the needs of children. Is there still space to discover the basic guidelines of social behaviour and finding out one's personal limits? Looking at today’s playground, I see an over-designed, completely protected, safe-in-the-grid play area which leaves no space for one’s own interpretation and imagination and is not at all a suitable space for testing out your own limits. The play objects are already placed in a concrete form and can only be used in one specific way, eliminating any space for personal initiative. I am curious about how these playground designs arose, and whether there is any kind of communication with children about their needs and desires in the context of play. Which parties decide where and how playgrounds are built in the urban landscape, and why playgrounds are not connected with their urban surroundings, but instead form separated and isolated entities. This detached space often does not meet the demands of the children, resulting in them abandoning the designated playing area, and finding play areas of their own, including streets and abandoned buildings or wastelands, sometimes close to traffic, where they chose to play instead. Making the playground as safe as possible by placing the different kind of play equipment behind a fence is actually resulting in its opposite safety in that the children are looking for a different kind of place to play freely. Aiming to answer these questions, I studied the work of Aldo van Eyck and Bruno Munari, both architects who worked on playgrounds and used primary shapes in urban architecture. I am also focussing on the work of Mariana Brussoni, who writes about the importance of the element of risk in playing, and how this affects a child’s development and social behaviour. For this research, I am working closely together with the municipality and NIJHA Playground Equipment Factory to get a better understanding of the origins of playgrounds. Adding to this research, I conducted many conversations with children from different cities and neighbourhoods, with the aim to find out what the perfect play area is for children and how that fits in the urban landscape, or more specifically, in my own street.

<p>Rad istražuje alternativne kulturne prakse arhitekture i<br />urbanizma u Jugoslaviji, nastale u periodu 1945. i 1980.<br />Teorijske, edukativne, kustoske, umjetničke i profesionalne<br />arhitektonske prakse su sagledane u kontekstu socijalističke<br />svakodnevice i modernizma. Obja&scaron;njene su osnovne<br />karakteristike fenomena alternativnih kulturnih praksi,<br />prostora i autora, njihova reprezentativna moć kao sastavni<br />dio reprezentacije moći države, njihova posebnost kao<br />prostorno-kulturnog fenomena i trajne posljedice nezavisno<br />od izmjenjenih uslova i okolnosti u kojima danas postoje.</p> / <p>The paper explores alternative cultural practices of architecture<br />and urban planning in Yugoslavia, from the period 1945 and<br />1980. Theoretical, educational, curatorial, artistic and<br />professional architectural practices have been viewed in the<br />context of everyday life and socialist modernism. Explains the<br />basic characteristics of the phenomenon of alternative cultural<br />practices, space and authors, their representative power as an<br />integral part of the team and not the state, their uniqueness as<br />spatially-cultural phenomenon and lasting effects<br />independently of the changed conditions and circumstances<br />exist today.</p>

This thesis deals with an architectural case study of the city block in the Svitava industrial zone bordered by the Svitava river in the east, Ring road in the west, Milady Horákové street in the north and Zvonařka street in the south. Špitálka Smart City is located right in the centre of this area. The thesis is modeled on the Špitálka Smart City urban study, that was the outcome of the pre-thesis seminar in the winter term 2020/21. The urban study objective was the urban renewal of the Brno teplárny (heating plant) area and its surroundings as well as a design of a new urban boulevard. To effectively use the place a residential building with commercial spaces on the groundfloor has been designed. The building consists of four sections, which share two underground storeys providing parking space and space for building services. The case study further develops only the section that is labeled A in the study. Section A offers 23 housing units and a café. The design aims at high quality housing with a view of the city replacing the former industrial zone.