Prune growers of Oregon are faced with the prospect of large crops and surpluses for the next few years. These surpluses will probably be felt in both fresh and dried prunes. This thesis presents the results of an investigation to find. new markets and new products which will be of value in utilizing these surpluses. The following products have been investigated and are included in this report. Canned prepared dried prunes. A. prolonged study was made of the effect of prepared Italian prunes on various types of cans. It was found that plain charcoal cans were entirely satisfactory over a period of 11 months' storage. Single enameled cans should not be used as they swell in less than eight months' storage. Methods of preparation of prunes for canning were studied. A long pre-soaking was found most satisfactory, for high quality. Short hot blanch before canning can be used if proper conditions of syrup and fill are observed. Yields and costs were given for the two methods of preparation. Prune beverages. Three types of prune beverages were discussed. Pulpy juice was most promising. A cloudy and a clear beverage were also satisfactory. Yields and costs were given and compared. Pitted prune pulp. Small or low-grade dried prunes were made into pulp by means of a suitable machine. This product was suitable for use in the bakery trade. Halved Pitted prunes. Fresh prunes were split and pitted before drying. The machine to do this was developed during this investigation. Large savings were effected in drying time, because of quicker evaporation of moisture from these halved prunes. Because of shorter drying time and lower temperature the quality was more nearly that of fresh prunes. Fresh Prune Juice. Small or low-grade fresh prunes were used to make a pulpy fresh prune juice. This product was excellent in flavor and color. Cloudy fresh prune juice was not satisfactory either in flavor, in body, or in yield. Fresh Prune Pulp. This was prepared from fresh prunes. It proved to be a very good means of fresh prune utilization. The combined effect of the products studied in this report, if they are developed and marketed, should prove beneficial to marketing conditions of the northwest Italian prunes. / Graduation date: 1938

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1978. / Title on cover and spine: Computer programme for room allocation analysis.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1978. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-182).

Research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witswatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Health in the field of Hospital Management / Background: Use of drugs in maternity unit plays a major role in maternal health service delivery. Therefore, drug use during pregnancy requires close monitoring which includes prescription of appropriate medication to their diagnosis, correct doses, and adequate period of time. Drugs are also one of the major cost drivers in health facilities. Although maternal health services are receiving increasing attention in South Africa, very few systematic studies have been done to analyze this important component (prescribing patterns and costs of drugs) of maternal health care services in a district hospital setting. Aims: The overall aim of the study is to assess the drugs utilized in a maternity ward at Pretoria West District Hospital (A district hospital in the Tshwane District in the Gauteng Province) and the factors that might influence its use and their cost over a period of one year. Methodology: Cross-section study design was used. Retrospective review of hospital records was undertaken for 2087 maternal patient deliveries during one year study period (01 January to December 2009) and no primary data was collected. Data was extracted for variables used in the study (quantity and cost of drug used, profile of patients). The study commenced after obtaining necessary approval from the Gauteng Department of Health and Social Development and University of the 2 Witwatersrand “Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical)’. Results: The study found that all the patients were prescribed iron supplements. The second most commonly prescribed drugs are uterotonics. Besides these two items other prescription drugs were prescribed to 7% of patients. Postnatal contraceptives were seldom used. The most commonly used antibiotic was Ceftriaxone. Bezylpenicillin was prescribed only for one RPR positive patient during one month. Only 13% HIV positive received antiretrovirals which is too low as compared to number of mothers delivered. The study found underprescription of anti-hypertensive drugs. Low use of parenteral analgesics signifies that probably patients were not given adequate pain relief during labour and this policy should be reviewed. The quantity of biological vaccines (BCG and oral polio) was prescribed routinely for all the newborn babies. However, the antiretrovirals (Zidovudine and Nevirapine syrups) were prescribed for fewer newborn babies (n= 51), in comparison to total number of babies born to a HIV positive mothers (n=266) and of concern. Total cost for the drugs used during one year study period was R 113,664.56. The average costs per mother and newborn babies were R 39.40 and R 15.08 respectively. Routine availability of affordable and effective drugs is one of the key indicators of quality health. The study showed that affordable and effective drugs were readily available in the Unit. Conclusion: This is probably the first study that documented the use of drugs in the maternity unit in a district hospital. Further prospective study would be able to provide more information in this important subject.

Leaf surface area present on black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and Douglas hawthorn (Crataegus douglasi) was measured indirectly using a point frame, photographs, and a canopy analyzer. Each was compared to directly measured leaf surface area. Six black cottonwood and 3 Douglas hawthorn shrubs were selected in 1996 and 9 black cottonwood and 3 Douglas hawthorn shrubs in 1997. Shrubs were selected based on size and isolation. Each indirect method was applied prior to removing a portion of leaves from each shrub. Shrubs were defoliated in 3 to 7 increments and leaf surface area of each was measured. After shrubs were completely defoliated increments of measured leaf areas were added to subsequently removed leaf areas to determine the measured leaf area present on a shrub each time indirect methods were applied. Measured leaf areas were paired with indirect method values and regression equations were developed. Correlation coefficients for regressions were 0.76 for black cottonwood and 0.70 for Douglas hawthorn for the point frame, 0.91 for black cottonwood and 0.79 for Douglas hawthorn for the photographs, 0.62 for black cottonwood and 0.61 for Douglas hawthorn when shrub volume was included for the canopy analyzer. Photographs took 20 minutes to set up and take pictures followed by 1.5 hours for processing images in Idrisi and Picture Publisher. The point frame required 45 minutes to 1.5 hours field time and 5 to 10 minutes to process data. The canopy analyzer was the most rapid of the techniques requiring less than 5 minutes to secure a field measurement and enter this value into the regression equation. Canopy analyzer reliability was the lowest of the methods studied. / Graduation date: 1999

This study is a part of a three stage pursuit to examine and to comprehend the relationship between the resources available, the apparent utilization patterns of those resources by the population being served, and the selected characteristics of the populations utilizing and not utilizing the prevailing medical care system. The first stage of the research involves the examination of the existing patterns of medical care utilization by socioeconomic status groups. Cross-national Comparison of Physician Utilization by the Socioeconomic Status Groups is the pilot research for the first stage and both modifies and develops the methodology for this type of research and also examines the physician utilization patterns of a population in well defined basic measurements — in this case the socioeconomic status index, the diagnosed disease, and the number of physician contacts. The comparison of the physician utilization patterns of socioeconomic status groups in respect to the prevailing medical care delivery system necessarily involves cross-area studies at least at regional level, but most likely cross-national comparisons as well. This study used already collected data, nevertheless, primary data, which had been collected and partly analysed in the World Health Organization/International Collaborative Study of Medical Care Utilization. The data came from twelve geographical areas, altogether from seven countries, and provided documented research material on the surveyed respondents' social characteristics, standard diagnostic procedures, and standard definitions of the interactions between the users and the prevailing medical care delivery systems. The social characteristics were used separately, but in a standardized way, in order to derive socioeconomic status groups in each area; the diseases distributions were examined in relationship to the socioeconomic status groups, and the physician utilization patterns were related to the socioeconomic status groups while controlling for the distributions of selected diseases, after which the study areas were compared to each other in terms of the exhibited relationships between the physician utilization and the socioeconomic status groups. The physician utilization patterns were found to vary only little from one area to another, however, consistently, to warrant the use of derived information for the second stage of the research. Physician utilizations were very weakly correlated to the socioeconomic status and these correlations were not substantially effected by the selection of the controlling disease, i.e., they were consistent. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 70-86).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 191 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-191).