People encounter civil relationships in everyday life, thus the civil law follows a human being from his/her birth to death. Obligation relationships can arise not only at the basis of law actions, predominantly contracts, but also from illegal actions and by law qualified events, which lead to an origin of damages or a defect in an object of fulfilment. Both, liability for damage and liability for defects represent significant part of civil law and belong among the most discussed problems in law theory. The aim of this thesis is to focus on mutual relationship between liability for damage and liability for defects according to the Act No. 40/1964 LC., civil legal code, and to present important terms with a consideration of a rich judicature in this area. Some of the differences between liability for damage and liability for defects according to the Act No. 513/1991 LC. are explained briefly; since the commercial law modification would deserve a separate thesis. This thesis consists of six chapters which are further separated into individual subchapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the liability in general and its law- theoretical explanation and specification of the term civil liability. The second chapter called "Prevention of damages in civil relationships" tells about prevention of origin...

In my thesis I deal with the quality and condition of horse teeth in the Czech Republic. To evaluate my thesis I received the necessary data from treatment by dental technician. While working on my work 69 horses were judged. I focused on the incidence of the most common defects of horse's teeth, the influence of factors such as type of housing, work load, frequency of treatment on quality of horse teeth and dental health. Furthermore, I concentrated on the frequency of occurrence of canines with mares, influence of tooth quality on the nutritional state of horses, most often treated breed, sex and average age of treated horses. Last monitored features were horses manner during the entire treatment process. The data was statistically analyzed and described. I divided horses into 5 groups by the quality and condition of their teeth. We treated horses with average age 13,4 years. Most treated horses were Czech warmbloods and sex was the most represented by geldings. Teeth in good quality wre found in overwhelming majority of monitored horse, preferably the horses stabled in boxes. Most horses have been treated their teeth by grinding regalularly every year. The horses were optimum nutritional condition, regardless of the quality and condition of the teeth. The most frequent defect of equine teeth was the presence of wolf teeth and creating dental hooks. Data in bibliography concerning frequency of occurence of canines with monitored mares were verifed and mostly the whole process of treatment went off without any problems.

Résumé My diploma is focused on mutual relationship between the title from liability for damage and the title from liability for defect. Firstly, I tried to explain every institute separately and in the end of my work I dealt with their interrelation. In the first Chapter I outline a picture of civil liability in the level of juristic theory and I bring a view on the origin and content of civil liability. In this Chapter I point out that the understanding of the term of civil liability is non-uniform, which leads to serious opinion fragmentation. One of the main tasks of the legal order is to ensure the protection of the society and individual from the conception of damage with the aid of legal rules together with coercive state authority. It means that the protection of their health, property, as well as nature and the environment should be provided. Legal order realizes this task through the prevention of damage conception, what was the object of the second Chapter. I place emphasis on general and special prevention and I clarify in what they vest. General duty prevention imposes to everybody to act so, that no damage to health, property, nature or the environment will happen. Subsequently, special duty prevention imposes to the person, who possesses the risk of damage, to act within the context of its...

This thesis aims at presenting in detail the facts that give foundation to the nullity of a marriage under the Code of Canon Law of 1983 and further clarify the ways of a possible convalidation of a marriage under the provisions of this Code, i.e. to clarify two forms of marriage convalidation - simple convalidation and radical convalidation (sanation). The first part of the work discusses the marriage from a Christian perspective in general and deals with the essential elements that are important for the marriage to be concluded in a valid way.

The thesis is an overview of current approaches to the issue of listeners attitudes towards speakers based on the characteristics of their speech, with regard to the methodology and to the types of monitored attributes of speech. The existing research results and methodological approaches are evaluated with specific attention given to speech defects in Czech language. A review of survey data was conducted that addressed the attitudes of Czech listeners towards Czech speakers with speech defects, specifically with sigmatism. For this purpose, records of 8 speakers with sigmatism selected from the Prague Phonetic Corpus were used. These records were modified in a manner that corresponds to the methods of Matched guise technique. Afterwards a perception test and a questionnaire were compiled in order to investigate the real attitudes of the Czech listeners toward selected Czech speakers, respectively their speech impairments. The test was presented to homogeneous group of 42 respondents. The results suggest a significant link between sigmatism and the negative attitudes of listeners towards speakers, especially the perception of their social status. The overall result of this thesis is the description of the target area (see the title of the paper) the has led to the formulation of hypotheses for...

Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Pedagogická fakulta, Katedra speciální pedagogiky, DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Comparing the level of olfactory perception among persons with congenital or acquired severe visual impairment Autor: Tereza Kopsová, Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Pavlína Šumníková, Ph.D., Praha 2010 ANNOTATION: The work deals with identifying the level of olfactory perception among people with severe visual impairment. The aim is to compare the function of olfactory discrimination and olfactory threshold sensitivity among persons with congenital or acquired visual handicap. The theoretical section presents the basic anatomical and physiological characteristics of the olfactory system, the list of disorders of smell and olfactory testing methods in clinical practice, and a brief account of visual impairments. The empirical investigation is carried out using standardized tests, olfactory discrimination function is measured by a test of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), olfactory perception threshold using the Smell Threshold Test (STT). The thesis describes in detail both the methods and characteristics of groups of test subjects. In the analytical part it focuses on the comparison of test results among persons with congenital or acquired severe visual impairment.

- Products Liability in Czech and American Law The main purpose of my thesis is to describe and compare certain aspects of products liability in the Czech legal system and the American one. The thesis is divided into four chapters, the fourth being the center part devoted to analyzing individual terms both systems have in common. To be able to compare provisions relevant to products liability, the first chapter deals with pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage and conditions of liability for such damage in its first subchapter. The second subchapter explains the term defect and further discusses the obligation of proper performance when selling products and possible liability for a defective product. Third subchapter then contrasts these two types of liability and clarifies the differences between them. Chapter two briefly examines the progression of products liability in the Czech legal system beginning with the Act No. 59/1998 Coll., Products Liability Act, followed by mentioning the relevant European directive and finally focusing on the new civil code soon to become effective. The third chapter contains basic information on American products liability as a whole and explores the development of this type of liability through the course of American history. For a better understanding of products...

This text concerns quality of life and rehabilitation of people with visual impairment. The topic is divided into four chapters regarding definitions of visual impairments and their respective diagnosis, rehabilitations and their available types, limitations of quality of life of visually handicapped people and finally text includes case studies and practical research about the quality of life of individuals who have a progressive visual impairment. Furthermore text contains introduction of organizations providing services to visually handicapped, and in conclusion text declares set of recommendations leading to improvement of conditions for adaptation to progressive visual impairment.

The subject of this Master's Thesis is to present some legal aspects of employment of persons with disabilities. This thesis deals with the subject particularly with respect to national policy of employment and individual labour-law relations. The largest part of text is devoted to the efforts of the state to reach higher employment rate of persons with disabilities and to compensate their inherent handicaps. This thesis is divided into seven thematic parts. The introduction is followed by part that defines basic terms of employment of people with disabilities which are not legally defined. The issue concerns the terms which are regularly mistaken in common conversation such as disability and handicap. The third part contains an overview of the most important documents, of significant international organizations, which contain the definition of persons with disabilities. These most significant international organizations are the International Labour Organisation, the World Health Organization, the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union. The fourth part contains the definitions of person with disabilities according to five acts of Czech legislation. Every act uses different legal term for persons with disabilities and it defines them in different way. Some acts do not contain...

The diploma thesis is focused on the claim from the incorrect fulfilment of the tour contract, which represents a part of the legal regulations of a tour. Considering significant development of travelling, this topic is very actual and issues that arise during implementing the legislation in practice need to be answered. The goal of my thesis is answer questions which are actual and often appearing in practice, but it does not exist clear legal opinion or sufficient resources to answer to these questions. The main resources for the writing of my thesis was the current text of the Civil Code, the Tourism Act, the Consumer Protection Act and Directive 90/314 / EEC, which were compared with the new Directive 2015/2302 and the proposed regulations of the Civil Code. The diploma thesis consists of six chapters, including the introduction and the conclusion. The basic direction of the thesis is presented in the introduction same as questions. The main goal is answer to these questions. The content of the second chapter is the definition of the tour contract through several legal regulations, the definition of contracting parties and the related representation of their rights and obligations. The most fundamental part of this chapter for the diploma thesis is the presentation of the position of the...