在東亞佛教傳統中，「一切眾生悉有佛性」、「眾生佛性本平等」幾乎是一項普遍被接受的信念，而這強調「佛性」論或「平等」觀的思想正是「如來藏思想」的特色，至於《起信論》「本覺思想」所指出「眾生本來覺悟」的教義更是在漢語系佛教經典所流行的國度產生深遠的影響。然而在八十年代中期，日本駒澤大學佛教學部的谷憲昭和松本史朗教授倡導所謂「批判佛教」，企圖從原始佛教的教義來批判東亞傳統佛教的「如來藏」、「本覺」、「唯識」和「禪宗」等思想，他們認為這些思想實違背佛陀「無我」、「緣起」的教義，因此日本佛教界和學界唯有拒絕這些「偽佛教」思想，才能回歸佛陀本懷。另一方面，就社會文化層面來說，日本文化深受「如來藏」等「偽佛教」思想支配，因而導致日本民族思維方式傾向「一元論」的意識型態，在社會實踐上往往傾向安於現狀，不僅反動保守，無法正視社會不義，同時也會妨礙社會正義的改革而成為維護既得利益者的最佳理由，反而加深現實不平等和階級差異的鴻溝。「批判佛教」學者這些激裂的言論，就宗教信仰層面而言，可說是一革命式的傾覆，企圖推翻長久以來流傳於東亞地區的佛教思想；就學術的觀點而言，的文獻根據和主觀的治學態度，還給釋尊說法言教的最孔恩論點的做法初面貌；就人文的關懷而言，顯然是想運用他們所認為的真正佛陀思想，為當下現實的人文社會把脈，探知日本社會的病源。本論文的內容即是環繞「批判佛教」思潮的各個面向，逐一省察。「批判佛教」的根本主張，是以「緣起」、「無我」兩概念為原始佛教的核心思想，亦是真正佛教的判準，而東亞佛教則具有「dhatu-vada」的構造，此構造實違反「緣起」、「無我」的教義。因此本論文嘗試就「緣起」和「dhatu-vada」二概念的內涵加以釐清。另一方面，「批判佛教」是以一元論形上學作為其主要批判目標，由於日本佛教學界目前對於「批判佛教」的回應僅止於佛教學範圍，並未觸及「批判佛教」思潮對一元論形上學意識型態批判此一層面，因此本論文亦嘗試就此一面向彌補日本佛學界討論之不足。

Jag har i mitt kandidatarbete arbetat med ljud och akustik i gamla kyrkor. Gamla byggnader och hus har alltid fascinerat mig. Det finns en sorts tyst berättelse i äldre byggnader. Jag känner en vördnad inför gamla hus och de som ritat och byggt dem. De berättar om sin tid och om saker vi glömmer bort. De bär på ett minne. Arbetet ledde till ett ljudverk där jag med hjälp av ljud har velat förmedla en rumslighet, samt teckningar och broderier. Jag skulle vilja påstå att hörseln är det mest rumsbildande sinne vi har. De hjälper oss att orientera oss och skapa minnesbilder. Ett ljud kan dessutom, liksom en doft, förflytta oss till andra tider och platser. Med hörseln kan vi avgöra ett rums storlek och karaktär. Hörseln gör tystnaden uthärdlig. Total tystnad finns egentligen inte naturligt och kan kännas otroligt obehaglig. Vi är vana vid en tystnad som med sitt rika innehåll av ljud berättar om omgivningen. Jag har gjort inspelningar i flera medeltida stenkyrkor, jag framkallade ljud med min röst och min kropp. När jag själv skapade ljud i kyrkorummet kändes det i kroppen. Min röst fick en monumental klang och blev någon annans. Min röst blev rummets röst.

A ‘religion means Christianity’ equivalence seem to be predominant within the academic publications on religion and film. If a ‘philosophical’ film does not fit within the Christian doctrine, secular philosophies are usually applied to it. This paper tries to do a Buddhist analysis of the film Fight Club (David Fincher, 1999). The Yogacara Buddhist doctrine is used as a base for the thematic analysis, its vocabulary is applied on the narrative progression of the films protagonist. Structure: The paper starts with an introduction on how Buddhism came about through the life story of the Buddha, and then goes deeper into the Buddhist doctrine of thought. It concludes by using Yogacara Buddhist theories and vocabulary in a thematic analysis of the film Fight Club.

<p>A ‘religion means Christianity’ equivalence seem to be predominant within the academic publications on religion and film. If a ‘philosophical’ film does not fit within the Christian doctrine, secular philosophies are usually applied to it. This paper tries to do a Buddhist analysis of the film Fight Club (David Fincher, 1999). The Yogacara Buddhist doctrine is used as a base for the thematic analysis, its vocabulary is applied on the narrative progression of the films protagonist. Structure: The paper starts with an introduction on how Buddhism came about through the life story of the Buddha, and then goes deeper into the Buddhist doctrine of thought. It concludes by using Yogacara Buddhist theories and vocabulary in a thematic analysis of the film Fight Club.</p>

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The aim of the thesis is to point out difficulties in interpretation of the civil code provisions (the act No. 89/2012 Coll.) regulating mistake as a form of vitiated consent and outline solutions to them on the basis of appropriate interpretation methods. The thesis applies to the legislation of mistake in relation to contracts in general as provided in the civil code, s. 583 - 585 and analyzes the legal consequences made by mistake. The keyword - mistake - is defined in the text in two ways - firstly as discrepancy between the genuine will of the acting person and manifestation of the will, secondly as a defect of the will. The study is primarily focused on the latter case. The text analyzes thoroughly conditions which must be satisfied so that so-called substantial mistake affects legal consequences. These conditions include determining circumstance, mistake caused by the second party and excusability of mistake. A separated chapter is devoted to mistake caused by fraud which is a special type of mistake because of its graveness, and therefore the act provides requirements which are different from those leading to the substantial mistake. The next chapter focuses on mistake caused by the third person. At the end of the work, legal consequences of mistake are illustrated - the right to avoid a...

The aim of the study was to compose and realize physiotherapeutic program for children with congenital heart disease to improve their postural-respirational function and to assess the influence of this program on cardiopulmonary functions of the patients. Our group had five patients with mean age of 15,6 years. Each of them underwent initial examination of the motor system, spirometry and spiroergometric exercise test. Physiotherapeutic program consisted of 8 individual therapies and home-based exercise. Therapy was composed from manual techniques, exercise according to Dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation concept and exercise with inspiratory trainer and improvised PEP system. The final examination was performed in the same manner as the initial one. We compared the results of both examinations, but we found no significant improvement after the physiotherapeutic program.

The aim of this diploma work is to analyse and evaluate claims in Renault Česká republika, Inc. by using the recommendations of quality management and by means of Pareto analysis as a quality control tool, and also to propose measures for reduction of causes of their emergence. In this work I review claims in Renault Česká republika, Inc. submitted in the years 2006, 2007 and first half of 2008. As a result and consequence of the analysis I propose solutions, which could help in making an effort to increase the satisfaction of both regular and prospective customers.

This thesis is focused on application development for simulation lenses’ optical distortions and also for creation own patterns. In the first part are discussed common problems of optical distortion and concept of software analysis. Further is described realization and implementation of particular modules in the application. In the end is show up graphical user interface and its functionality.

Objective of diploma thesis is to proceed analysis of actual technology in operational terms for concrete casting of bearing . Constructed by foundry of steel ŽĎAS a.s., Žďár nad Sázavou. After designing changes in technological process accomplish detail evaluation of mechanical properties and chemical homogenity of metal at selected parts of sample casting.