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在東亞佛教傳統中，「一切眾生悉有佛性」、「眾生佛性本平等」幾乎是一項普遍被接受的信念，而這強調「佛性」論或「平等」觀的思想正是「如來藏思想」的特色，至於《起信論》「本覺思想」所指出「眾生本來覺悟」的教義更是在漢語系佛教經典所流行的國度產生深遠的影響。然而在八十年代中期，日本駒澤大學佛教學部的谷憲昭和松本史朗教授倡導所謂「批判佛教」，企圖從原始佛教的教義來批判東亞傳統佛教的「如來藏」、「本覺」、「唯識」和「禪宗」等思想，他們認為這些思想實違背佛陀「無我」、「緣起」的教義，因此日本佛教界和學界唯有拒絕這些「偽佛教」思想，才能回歸佛陀本懷。另一方面，就社會文化層面來說，日本文化深受「如來藏」等「偽佛教」思想支配，因而導致日本民族思維方式傾向「一元論」的意識型態，在社會實踐上往往傾向安於現狀，不僅反動保守，無法正視社會不義，同時也會妨礙社會正義的改革而成為維護既得利益者的最佳理由，反而加深現實不平等和階級差異的鴻溝。「批判佛教」學者這些激裂的言論，就宗教信仰層面而言，可說是一革命式的傾覆，企圖推翻長久以來流傳於東亞地區的佛教思想；就學術的觀點而言，的文獻根據和主觀的治學態度，還給釋尊說法言教的最孔恩論點的做法初面貌；就人文的關懷而言，顯然是想運用他們所認為的真正佛陀思想，為當下現實的人文社會把脈，探知日本社會的病源。本論文的內容即是環繞「批判佛教」思潮的各個面向，逐一省察。「批判佛教」的根本主張，是以「緣起」、「無我」兩概念為原始佛教的核心思想，亦是真正佛教的判準，而東亞佛教則具有「dhatu-vada」的構造，此構造實違反「緣起」、「無我」的教義。因此本論文嘗試就「緣起」和「dhatu-vada」二概念的內涵加以釐清。另一方面，「批判佛教」是以一元論形上學作為其主要批判目標，由於日本佛教學界目前對於「批判佛教」的回應僅止於佛教學範圍，並未觸及「批判佛教」思潮對一元論形上學意識型態批判此一層面，因此本論文亦嘗試就此一面向彌補日本佛學界討論之不足。

《亞里斯多德場所觀》一文是柏格森在1889年寫作的論文，筆者會以此文為題，一方面是由於對柏格森哲學的興趣，一方面乃是對強調綿延和時間的柏格森，會在早期著作中對亞里斯多德的場所觀進行討論的原因產生好奇。因此，本文由探討柏格森如何討論亞里斯多德的場所開始，企圖了解柏格森為何如此討論亞里斯多德的場所、有何看法及其批評背後的理由。 為了解柏格森討論亞里斯多德背後的理由，本論文分為五個部分討論：第一個部分為導論，先介紹柏拉圖的空間 ( chôra ) 觀，而後陳述亞里斯多德的場所 ( topos ) ，對空間與場所議題作一個概略式的理解。從第一章開始，會隨著柏格森對亞里斯多德場所的分析，一步步分析出亞里斯多德的場所觀。首先，討論柏格森對亞里斯多德場所設定的討論，排除一些不屬於場所的東西。而在排除不屬於場所的東西後，第二章討論柏格森所推導出的亞里斯多德的場所的定義，以及柏格森所提出的問題和批評，而後，柏格森認為亞里斯多德的場所就是空間的結論。接著，筆者參考柏格森在1990年寫的《意識的直接與料》、《物質與記憶》、《形上學導論》，以及康德與萊布尼茲的說法，在第三章進一步對柏格森所理解的空間進行探討與再思考。最後，在結論的部分，說明筆者認為柏格森討論亞里斯多德的場所的理由，並引入德勒茲的詮釋，初探在德勒茲的詮釋下，柏格森哲學的另一種面向。 / “Aristotle’s concept of place” is an essay that Bergson wrote in 1889. I take this article as the theme of my essay, partly to my interest in the philosophy of Bergson; on the other hand, to my curious about Bergson’s reason to wrote this article. Why Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place in the early work？So, I start from the way how Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place, attempt to realize Bergson’s view of it, and the reason why Bergson discussed it. For realizing the reason, I will discuss it in five parts. The first part is the introduction, in which I introduce Plato’s concept of “space” ( chôra ), and discuss Aristotle’s concept of “place” ( topos ). Then, start from the Chapter Ι, I will follow to Bergson’s analyze to the concept of Aristotle’ place, and I will inference the place of Aristotle step by step. First, I will discuss the hypothesis of Aristotle’s place, and exclude some characters which not belong to Aristotle’s place. Then, in the Chapter Ⅱ, I will discuss the definition of Aristotle’s place which inference by Bergson, and the problem and critic of Bergson. And, Bergson thought Aristotle’s concept of place is space. Again, I refer to Bergson’ work like Time and Free Will, Matter and Memory, and the Introduction of Metaphysics. And otherwise, I will refer to the openion of Kant and Leibniz, too, in order to discuss and reflect the further means of Bergson’s space in the Chapter Ⅲ. Finally, in the conclusion, I will return to my curious about why Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place. Then, I will sketch in the interpretation of Deleuze, in order to see another feature of Bergson’s philosophy.

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在台灣欺凌行為對於工作場所信任之影響 / Purpose: This study examines the association between the prevalence of bullying behavior and the degree of trust in the Taiwanese workplace as it is perceived by employees and managers across a variety of organizations and sectors. Background: Bullying behavior occurs when someone at work is systematically subjected to aggressive behavior from one or more colleagues or superiors over a long period of time, in a situation where the target finds it difficult to defend him or herself or to escape the situation. Previous research on the bullying behavior phenomenon focused on the causes of bullying, the psychosocial factors at work, the organizational costs, the personality of the victim and the health outcomes. Methodology: 180 online questionnaire survey responses were collected among Taiwanese employees and managers in various organizations from the private, public and NGO sectors. The responses were divided into two sample groups; 146 employees and 34 managers. Results summary: The first hypothesis predicted that there is a negative correlation between bullying behavior and trust in the workplace. This hypothesis was confirmed among employees and refuted among managers since their correlation was positive. The second hypothesis was that the immediate supervisor is the most significant factor of bullying behavior in the workplace. This hypothesis was confirmed with 38.9% of the managers and employees reported that they were subjected to a behavior that can be defined as bullying behavior. In addition, the immediate manager is the main source of this behavior, and then coworker and senior manager. The Third hypothesis was that women are more prone to being bullied than men and their degree of trust in the workplace is lower than men. Among employees there was no significant difference between men and women with bullying behavior, however women’s degree of trust in the workplace was lower than men’s. .As for the managers there was not a significant difference between men and women in regard to either bullying behavior or trust. Conclusions: The study results were significant and revealed a link between bullying behavior and trust in the Taiwanese workplace. However, organizations can take measurements to prevent and eliminate bullying behavior, and also raise the level of trust of the employees in the organization and prevent unwanted organizational costs. Key words: Bullying, Harassment, Work environment, Trust, Taiwan.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第19083号 / 人博第736号 / 新制||人||176(附属図書館) / 26||人博||736(吉田南総合図書館) / 32034 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 西垣 安比古, 教授 伊從 勉, 准教授 中嶋 節子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第18375号 / 人博第688号 / 新制||人||164(附属図書館) / 25||人博||688(吉田南総合図書館) / 31233 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 西垣 安比古, 教授 伊從 勉, 准教授 中嶋 節子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(教育学) / 甲第19448号 / 教博第192号 / 新制||教||160(附属図書館) / 32484 / 京都大学大学院教育学研究科臨床教育学専攻 / (主査)教授 桑原 知子, 教授 松木 邦裕, 教授 岡野 憲一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Education) / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21185号 / 人博第857号 / 新制||人||205(附属図書館) / 29||人博||857(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 小島 泰雄, 教授 小方 登, 准教授 山村 亜希, 教授 太田 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM