Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1981. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [176]-191.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Glasgow, 1993. / Print version also available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / The purpose of this thesis is to examine the lower part of the Cuyahoga Valley, an area known as the Flats, and describe the large concentration of industry and commerce found within the area. Attention is called to same of the problems of the past, the present, and a prognosis made of the area's future. The future of the lower Cuyahoga Valley is bright. The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 will increase Cleveland's overseas trade and probably attract new industries to the area . More important, it will allow large ore ships to bring the rich Labrador iron ore to the valley's steel mills. To insure that the valley and Cleveland get the maximum gain from these future developments, there is a need for intensified long-range planning. [TRUNCATED]

No description available.

[No abstract available] / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

In the search for energy many proposals have been made to harness the rivers of British Columbia, but the one for the Moran canyon on the Fraser River has the widest implications. A dam on this site, 800 feet high and 2400 feet wide, could produce initially 4 million horsepower of electricity at low cost. In addition it would hold the key to flood control on the Fraser River and to expansion of navigation, industrial location and agriculture. It would be located on part of the river believed by many to have considerable potential for future salmon runs. While each of these aspects of the dam is important when considered by its proponents, together they indicate a unique possibility of widening the economic base of the province. One aspect, the effect of the dam on agriculture, is the subject of this study. Moran Dam, it is believed, will affect agriculture in three major ways: (1) It will flood the Fraser Valley for a distance of 172 miles north of Moran to a maximum elevation of 1540 feet; (2) it will provide low cost hydro-electric power for use in pumping irrigation water and for rural electrification; (3) it will provide low cost energy which may act as a factor in the location of electrically-oriented industries, and in turn through an increased work force create larger markets for agricultural products. It is these influences on agriculture related to the land and people of British Columbia that concerns this thesis. To collect the necessary data four week-long trips were made to the agricultural areas of the Fraser Basin in the fall of 1957. Land-use was mapped and location of farms, ranches and significant landforms upon which agriculture could be undertaken were mapped. Later airphotos and maps were studied. The reasons for proposing the Moran Dam along with a comparison between this dam and others within the province were reviewed. Next followed a description of the landforms, climate, soils, vegetation and hydrology, the components of the Physical Geography. A consideration of the present value, location and nature of agricultural activity and the extent to which foodstuffs have been imported into the province was made. Another aspect studied was the human geography. As the Fraser River Basin was found too large to study as a whole a sub-regional breakdown was made within which the various aspects of the problem were discussed. The sub-regions were Lytton to Moran, Moran to Williams Lake River, Williams Lake River to Quesnel and the adjacent areas of the Thompson Valley, Chilcotin and Cariboo plateau. Flooding was found to be restricted because of the physical nature of the valley with its steep slopes rising from the river to a more or less continuous series of benches 100 to 800 feet above its present bed. Thus only about 3000 acres of arable land, now chiefly utilized for winter grazing would be flooded, while about 45,000 acres could be intensively cultivated with irrigation water pumped from the reservoir. If the adjacent regions were included, where flooding is not a factor, pumping plants utilizing low cost electrical energy could make available an additional 20,000 acres. Since British Columbia at present imports large quantities of foodstuffs, additional population expected to work in electrically-oriented industries would necessitate importation of even larger quantities of foodstuffs unless some of the 65,000 acres were developed. Many of these are in areas with a relatively long growing season, large accumulated temperatures and low precipitation. Soils are fertile and the prospects for the intensive cultivation of vegetables, fruits and forage crops, plus the establishment of "feed lot" type cattle operations, in place of extensive grazing of cattle, could be expected. The costs of expanding agriculture in this region, however, would have to be competitive with other areas where irrigation agriculture is undertaken. This expansion of agriculture, desirable to meet the growing deficit in foodstuffs within British Columbia, would be dependent on the advent of large scale pumping irrigation works contingent on the construction of Moran Dam. No other proposal has been made of comparable import to the diversification of the economic base of the province. The impact of the proposal on agriculture alone is impressive. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

During the past five years the Squamish valley has been the center of attention of a large amount of public interest. The extension of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway from the village of Squamish to Vancouver has been the cause of much of this public interest. The tremendous recreational potential of the beautifully scenic alpine country north of Squamish in Garibaldi Park has been brought most vividly to the fore. Partly as a result of this the provincial government began construction of a modern highway to the Squamish area, which in spite of much political debate, had hitherto been completely without a road connection of any kind. Principally because of road and rail being extended to Squamish, politicians, financiers and industrialists have expressed the opinion that the vast expanse of vacant land of the Squamish river delta could be developed for industrial purposes. Some people have even suggested that a great sea port could be developed with the rugged and scenic valley providing the land for associated community areas. This thesis is a study of the Squamish valley with respect to the probability of this development occurring. Insofar as industrial development as a sea port is concerned the extent to which the area can develop seems to depend largely on a matter of timing. Not by coincidence but because the port facilities of metropolitan Vancouver are rapidly becoming overtaxed, several proposals are being aired each of which seeks to develop further port facilities and land adjacent to Vancouver. Such land at Squamish would be competitive with that in these other proposed areas, but since Squamish is geographically separated from Vancouver it has some basic disadvantages. Conversely, however, due to the fact that the provincial government controls vast tracts of land at Squamish, port development on these lands may be fairly readily accomplished. Squamish seems destined to expand fairly rapidly regardless of its industrial future. Its rate and ultimate pattern of development, however, will largely be determined by the extent of industrialization. Since some form of growth is immediately eminent and particularly since the valley must be protected from flood-waters, regional development planning is direly needed. Because the prospects for industrial development are somewhat dependent on the nature of other local growth a regional plan is proposed which will ensure adequate industrial land at the waterfront. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

This study’s primary focus is on white settlement and Indian dispossession and marginalizatian, the theme being developed in the context of a comprehensive local history A number of sub-themes are developed including the relationship between political power and landholding, the changing role of chiefs in Indian society, the importance of the railway in consolidating economic power, the connection between transportation and changing industrial activity and the significance of land tenure regimes in economic performance. After an introduction and outline history the paper is organized in three parts. The first deals with the institutions which supported settlers and were imposed upon Indians. The four institutions examined are missionary activity as it related to Indians and the political, judicial and educational structures as they affected Indians and whites. The notable characteristic of these institutions is that the services delivered to the two racial groups were markedly different, that Indians never received the benefit of their support. The second section considers the critical question of Indian access to resources, the conditions under which reserves were assigned and then repeatedly altered, and the question of aboriginal rights to the land The discrepancy in the terms in which whites and Indians could claim land and the insecurity of tenure of Indians is documented. The third section considers economic sectors: hunting, fishing and gathering, mining, stockraising and agriculture. In the latter two industries, pursued by both Indians and whites, the two communities are juxtaposed to observe differences in their conduct of those industries. The critical elements determining different performance are identified as the differing quantities of obtainable land, and the land and water tenure regimes under which the participants operated although other factors such as increasing capitalization, an oppressive Department of Indian affairs, inadequate access to education and health services and restricted rights in the political and judicial spheres were contributing factors. Okanagan society in the pre-World War I era is seen as a racist society, one in which a completely different set of rules existed for each race and in which social distance between races increased over time White settlers succeeded in building a society with all the features of the modern world: well developed transportation and communications, urban centres, supportive social service institutions, and an educated and prosperous population, in short, a harmonious and just society But this development occured at the expense of the Indian Population. As a society they could only be characterized as a dependent, impoverished, diseased and illiterate people, prone to alcohol and appearing to lack in ambition White success was built upon Indian dispossession. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

No abstract included. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

The flood plain of the Fraser River in the Lower Fraser Valley is rapidly becoming urbanized, this being most evident in the municipality of Richmond located on Lulu Island. A problem arises due to the fact that the Fraser River is subject to frequent floods of varying magnitudes. To prevent flood damages a system of dykes has been constructed around Lulu Island. Evidence indicates, however, that even with the dykes there still exists a substantial residual flood hazard. A major flood in Richmond would constitute a financial disaster. Consequently, if development is to occur on the flood plain, additional adjustments to the flood hazard are necessary. The planning process in Richmond has apparently failed to recognize this necessity. To understand the observed breakdown in the planning process the literature suggests that the problem may be fruitfully studied by examining the decision-making process with respect to perception of the flood hazard and alternative adjustments to the hazard. The hypothesis proposed is that the planning officials are aware of the alternate adjustments but policies to implement these measures are not undertaken because of lack of support from the general public who do not perceive the flood problem or ways to cope with it. The methodology used to study the problem involves three steps. The first is the definition and description of flood plain management policy at all government levels operating in British Columbia. The second step is to identify the public decision-making process with respect to flood plain management. Interviews with key officials in this process are reported upon according to their perceptions of the flood hazard and adjustments to the flood hazard. The third step is to sample perceptions of flood plain land-users by means of a questionnaire to determine their perceptions of the hazard and adjustments. The study shows that the officials are aware of the hazard but do not adequately perceive non-structural adjustments. The general public is poorly informed and thus shows little concern about the subject. The results indicate that perception of the hazard is a major factor in the adjustment adoption process. It appears that a change in decision-makers' perceptions will be necessary to bring about a change in the planning practise with respect to flood plain management. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate