Cette thèse explore différents problèmes méthodologiques associés à l'évaluation non-marchande. Dans la première partie, je m'intéresse à certaines difficultés posées par l'élicitation des préférences. En particulier, j'analyse les performances d'un nouveau format d'élicitation pour réduire le biais d'ancrage des consentements à payer (Chapitre 1). J'étudie aussi l'effet de la confiance dans les institutions sur les comportements de protestation dans les questionnaires d'évaluation (Chapitre 2). La seconde partie de la thèse est dédiée à l'analyse statistique des consentements à payer. Je compare les modèles de régressions quantiles avec les modèles standards pour mesurer leur capacité à prendre en compte des caractéristiques récurrentes des données de consentement à payer (Chapitre 3). Je propose aussi un test pour un nouveau type de biais de publication (Chapitre 4). Dans la dernière partie, je m'intéresse aux problèmes d'équité liés à l'agrégation des consentements à payer pour mesurer les bénéfices d'un projet, et le rôle joué par les besoins de subsistance (Chapitre 5). / In this thesis I explore different methodological issues arising in non-market valuation. In the first part of the thesis, I try to provide solutions to some problems of preference elicitation. In particular, I analyze the performance of a new elicitation format to reduce anchoring bias in multiple willingness to pay (WTP) elicitation (Chapter 1) and I propose a new strategy to identify the effect of trust in institution on protesting behaviors (Chapter 2). The second part of the thesis is devoted to the statistical analysis of WTP. I compare quantile regression models with standard models to assess their respective ability to account for recurrent issues in WTP data (Chapter 3), I also propose a test for a new type of publication bias (Chapter 4). In the last part of the thesis, I investigate the equity issues in WTP aggregation as a measure of benefits, and the role of subsistence needs (Chapter 5).

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Construction Project Management

This dissertation investigates the sources of growth which are available to conglomerate companies and draws some limited conclusions with regard to which are the major sources.

This paper is an investigation of several basic properties of ordered Abelian groups, valuations, the relationship between valuation rings, valuations, and their value groups and valuation rings. The proofs to all theorems stated without proof can be found in Zariski and Samuel, Commutative Algebra, Vol. I, 1858. In Chapter I several basic theorems which are used in later proofs are stated without proof, and we prove several theorems on the structure of ordered Abelian groups, and the basic relationships between these groups, valuations, and their valuation rings in a field. In Chapter II we deal with valuation rings, and relate the structure of valuation rings to the structure of their value groups.

Thesis (M.Sc.(Engineering))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Engineering, 1951.

by Lau Kin-Man, Clement, Leung Sau-Fong, Marie. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-51). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / CHAPTER / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Background of Shopping Centre Research --- p.2 / Aim of Research Study --- p.4 / Plan of Research Report --- p.4 / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Land and Real Property --- p.6 / Characteristics of Real Property Market --- p.8 / Theory of Economic Rent --- p.11 / Literature on Determinants of Shopping Centre Rents --- p.15 / Rating and Valuation Department of Hong Kong --- p.20 / Chapter III --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.23 / Empirical Model --- p.23 / Definition of Variables --- p.27 / Sample Data --- p.31 / Chapter IV --- RESULTS AND ANALYSIS --- p.34 / Multiple Linear Regression Model --- p.34 / Determinants of Shopping Centre Rents --- p.36 / Anomalous Results --- p.45 / Chapter V --- CONCLUSION --- p.47 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.50

As cooperativas são organizações de propriedade coletiva sem finalidade de lucro. Na ótica do cooperado podem ser vistas como um investimento que possui um custo imediato, o valor da quota, e a expectativa de retorno futuro. Os valores das quotas podem apresentar significativas divergências quanto ao seu montante, que podem estar associados a forma que se dá relação entre cooperados e cooperativa com base no direito de propriedade oriundo desta relação e à perspectiva do cooperado frente sua participação nesta organização. Como as demais entidades, o investimento em capital próprio garante aos associados os direitos de propriedades advindos dessa aquisição. Segundo Costa (2010), a aquisição de determinado bem ou direito configura-se como aquisição de propriedade quando apresentar simultaneamente os dois direitos que esta lhe confere: o direito de controle e o direito ao resíduo. Entretanto, nas sociedades cooperativa tais direitos de propriedades são vagamente definidos, podendo assim haver um desestímulo do cooperado de investir nessa sociedade. Neste panorama, se estabelece a seguinte pergunta relevante: o valor a ser aportado na cooperativa reflete a aquisição dos direitos de propriedade? O estudo objetiva analisar a participação em organizações econômicas de propriedade coletiva sem finalidade de lucro com o objetivo de aquisição da propriedade tradicional, conforme os direitos elencados. Para se alcançar o objetivo proposto foi aplicado o modelo de Fluxo de Caixa Livre da Empresa (FCLE) para as cooperativas de crédito do Estado de São Paulo referente as informações financeiras de 2006 a 2014. O valor resultante do valuation foi divido pelo número de cooperados obtendo-se o valor de investimento realizado por cada indivíduo. Este resultado foi comparado estatisticamente com o valor mínimo de investimento exigido pelas sociedades cooperativas pelo Teste t de comparação de média. Os resultados indicam que o valor do investimento realizado nas cooperativas é estatisticamente menor que o valor da propriedade adquirida, resultante do valuation. Tal resultado aponta que a aquisição pode corresponder não a todos os direitos de propriedades que as quotas conferem. / Credit unions are nonprofit societies and its ownership is collective, thus its members have only one party of the property rights. They become owners if acquire a share of equity capital. In terms of the financial theory, it represents an investment with an immediate cost. For instance, the value paid by share. However, there are benefits also represented as expected future return. The share value might diverge significantly among different co-ops, because it can be related with total of members in the society, organizational structure and characteristics of the property rights. Additionally, member\'s perspective of his participation can affect the share value indeed. Like other companies, the share of equity acquisition originates two ownership rights: the control of organization and its free cash flow. According to the theory, in co-ops the property rights are vaguely defined. Then, it may affect the availability of the member to invest on the society. In this paper, we investigate the value paid by members to become owners and the rights they acquired with this investment. Our goal was check out if the equity price was related with the traditional rights of ownership or includes the value of using the company. To reach the goal, we employed the Free Cash Flow Equity Method estimation in order to estimate the value of credit union for owners, if the co-op were sold. We calculate the value per member by the ratio of the valuation value by the membership. This value was compared with price of the share for new members become owners. The sample includes Brazilian credit union using financial information of 2006 to 2014. The results showed that the value of the investment done on the cooperatives is statistically smaller than the acquired properties value resultant of valuation. Our findings show that the equity investment can correspond not to all properties rights referred by the equity shares. Apparently, the control right in these organizations is not the main purpose to become an owner, thus these individuals can become members aiming to use the cooperatives when this negotiation is beneficial, in other words, the use option application.

As cooperativas são organizações de propriedade coletiva sem finalidade de lucro. Na ótica do cooperado podem ser vistas como um investimento que possui um custo imediato, o valor da quota, e a expectativa de retorno futuro. Os valores das quotas podem apresentar significativas divergências quanto ao seu montante, que podem estar associados a forma que se dá relação entre cooperados e cooperativa com base no direito de propriedade oriundo desta relação e à perspectiva do cooperado frente sua participação nesta organização. Como as demais entidades, o investimento em capital próprio garante aos associados os direitos de propriedades advindos dessa aquisição. Segundo Costa (2010), a aquisição de determinado bem ou direito configura-se como aquisição de propriedade quando apresentar simultaneamente os dois direitos que esta lhe confere: o direito de controle e o direito ao resíduo. Entretanto, nas sociedades cooperativa tais direitos de propriedades são vagamente definidos, podendo assim haver um desestímulo do cooperado de investir nessa sociedade. Neste panorama, se estabelece a seguinte pergunta relevante: o valor a ser aportado na cooperativa reflete a aquisição dos direitos de propriedade? O estudo objetiva analisar a participação em organizações econômicas de propriedade coletiva sem finalidade de lucro com o objetivo de aquisição da propriedade tradicional, conforme os direitos elencados. Para se alcançar o objetivo proposto foi aplicado o modelo de Fluxo de Caixa Livre da Empresa (FCLE) para as cooperativas de crédito do Estado de São Paulo referente as informações financeiras de 2006 a 2014. O valor resultante do valuation foi divido pelo número de cooperados obtendo-se o valor de investimento realizado por cada indivíduo. Este resultado foi comparado estatisticamente com o valor mínimo de investimento exigido pelas sociedades cooperativas pelo Teste t de comparação de média. Os resultados indicam que o valor do investimento realizado nas cooperativas é estatisticamente menor que o valor da propriedade adquirida, resultante do valuation. Tal resultado aponta que a aquisição pode corresponder não a todos os direitos de propriedades que as quotas conferem. / Credit unions are nonprofit societies and its ownership is collective, thus its members have only one party of the property rights. They become owners if acquire a share of equity capital. In terms of the financial theory, it represents an investment with an immediate cost. For instance, the value paid by share. However, there are benefits also represented as expected future return. The share value might diverge significantly among different co-ops, because it can be related with total of members in the society, organizational structure and characteristics of the property rights. Additionally, member\'s perspective of his participation can affect the share value indeed. Like other companies, the share of equity acquisition originates two ownership rights: the control of organization and its free cash flow. According to the theory, in co-ops the property rights are vaguely defined. Then, it may affect the availability of the member to invest on the society. In this paper, we investigate the value paid by members to become owners and the rights they acquired with this investment. Our goal was check out if the equity price was related with the traditional rights of ownership or includes the value of using the company. To reach the goal, we employed the Free Cash Flow Equity Method estimation in order to estimate the value of credit union for owners, if the co-op were sold. We calculate the value per member by the ratio of the valuation value by the membership. This value was compared with price of the share for new members become owners. The sample includes Brazilian credit union using financial information of 2006 to 2014. The results showed that the value of the investment done on the cooperatives is statistically smaller than the acquired properties value resultant of valuation. Our findings show that the equity investment can correspond not to all properties rights referred by the equity shares. Apparently, the control right in these organizations is not the main purpose to become an owner, thus these individuals can become members aiming to use the cooperatives when this negotiation is beneficial, in other words, the use option application.

Since the 1980s New Zealand has pursued neo-classical or market-based policies with a particular fervour. Market-based options are seen by resource management decision makers as essential frameworks for efficiently allocating resources, an approach that continues to support the view of the inherent dominance of Western knowledge. This is particularly concerning, given that Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand), have an important role to play in New Zealand resource management and perceive their own knowledge systems have been marginalised. The primary goal of this thesis is to explore the validity of welfare economics when seeking to measure quantitatively Mātauranga Māori or Māori views of the environment through the contingent valuation method. A contingent valuation study is carried out using three separate samples drawn from the general Māori population in Auckland city, a hāpu/sub-tribe indigenous to the Auckland isthmus, and drivers of motor vehicles in Auckland city. Data collection modes include a postal survey and face-to-face interviews. This thesis challenges the validity of political-legal ethnicity constructs to measure Mātauranga Māori. The search for a central tendency will lead to biased, misleading and inaccurate results. The thesis also challenges the validity of contingent valuation to produce true economic measures and to measure and identify Mātauranga Māori. Despite advances in analytical techniques, economic efficiency measures are always deficient, given the difficulty of capturing and anticipating all impacts and valuing them appropriately. Mātauranga Māori is derived from a Māori epistemology and should be considered or analysed with primary reference to this body of knowledge. Economic analysis is only one important cog in the machinery of resource management policy. Given that an economist's contribution to local and regional resource management is most valuable when focusing on the economic efficiency of the proposed resource allocation, it is appropriate that other perspectives such as Mātauranga Māori be considered.