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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

中國大陸生產型增值稅轉型為消費型增值稅對實質稅率影響之研究 / The Effect of Effective tax rate on the transition from production-type VAT to consumption-type VAT in china

黃淑幸 Unknown Date (has links)
中國大陸自1994年採用生產型增值稅後,重複課稅阻礙了產業結構的發展,使企業成長受到抑制,故2009年轉型為消費型增值稅,雖已有學者針對法治層面進行研究,然而尚無文獻針對增值稅轉型對於增值稅實質稅負之影響進行實證研究。本研究初以產業結構、股權結構與地區結構之差異探討對於中國大陸為轉型消費型增值稅後對於實質稅率產生之影響,並輔以企業規模、銷貨毛利率、股東權益報酬率、資本資產密集度……等變數的控制,期以降低對主要測量變數之影響。 實證結果發現: (1)中國大陸上市公司之有效稅率在增值稅體系中享有租稅優惠而使實際繳納之有效稅率降低,2009年後實施消費型增值稅,其實質稅率亦從4.79%降至4.02%,顯見實施後的實質稅率確能降低租稅負擔。(2)資本密集度較高之產業,其實質稅率亦較高,2009增值稅轉型後,無論是資本密集度高之產業抑或資本密集度低之產業,其實質稅率之影響並不顯著,顯見此次轉型因增值稅與營業稅並存而無法真正體現消費型增值稅所帶來稅負公平性。(3)內資持股比例超過50%之上市公司(內資企業)經過此次轉型後其實質稅率並未下降,顯見此次轉型並非全面而使成效有限。(4)中部和西部地區相較於東部地區之實質稅率較高,在2009年轉型為消費型增值稅後有降低之趨勢。 / This study investigates the effect of the effective tax rate after china began the transition from production-type valued-added tax to consumption-type VAT. Some researchers explore the pros and cons from the institutional level, but it is rarely to analyze the impact of the effective tax rate when the authorized implemented the consumption valued-added tax. This paper analyzes the effect of the effective tax rate on the transformation of valued-added tax by means of the empirical study. The empirical findings indicate that: 1) The effective tax rate of china listed companies declined from 4.79% to 4.02% after the transition of the VAT(Valued-added Tax),Therefore, the transition of the valued-added tax can decrease the burden of tax. 2) This study divided industries into capital intensive industries with high and low indicates it is not obvious in the regression. Because valued-added tax and business tax co-exist which results in the lack of fairness in consumption-type VAT. 3) The listed companies whose proportion of domestic ownership is above 50%(defined as domestic enterprises)increase rather than decrease effective tax rate after transition of VAT in 2009. 4) The listed companies which belong to area with middle and western region have decreasing tendency toward effective tax rate after transition of VAT in 2009.
2

Mervärdesskattedirektivets implementering : Nationellt handlingsutrymme gällande bestämmelserna om mervärdesskattegrupper och reducerade mervärdesskattesatser? / The implementation of the VAT Directive

Andersson, Lisa January 2013 (has links)
En medlemsstat inom Europeiska Unionen (EU) ska anpassa de nationella bestämmelserna för att möta de EU-rättsliga bestämmelserna. Ett exempel på en sådan reglering är mervärdesskatten. Syftet med regleringen av mervärdesskatten har varit att skapa och stimulera en inre marknad inom EU, utan skillnader mellan medlemsländerna. Mervärdesskatten har harmoniserats genom mervärdesskattedirektivet som medlemsstaternas är förpliktigade att implementera. Implementering av ett direktiv ger medlemsstaterna möjligheten att själva tolka och avgöra tillvägagångssättet, så länge direktivets syfte uppnås. Dock har flertalet talan om fördragsbrott uppkommit i Europeiska Unionens domstol, grundat på kommissionens åsikt om att medlemsstater har underlåtit att uppfylla sina skyldigheter enligt mervärdesskattedirektivet. Därav uppkommer frågan hur den konstitutionella grunden för EU ger medlemsstaterna eget handlingsutrymme att tolka och implementera bestämmelserna i mervärdesskattedirektivet utifrån EU:s fördrag, rättspraxis och principerna om neutralitet, legalitet, likabehandling och lojalitet. Rättspraxis behandlar områdena för mervärdesskattegrupper och reducerade skattesatser. Det kan konstateras att medlemsstaterna har ett begränsat handlingsutrymme för implementering av mervärdesskattedirektivets bestämmelser. EU:s fördrag, principer och praxis ger inte medlemsstaterna något större utrymme att själva tolka och implementera bestämmelserna. Vidare framgår att det finns en osäkerhet kring tillämpningsområdet och vidden av neutralitetsprincipen, vilket gör att medlemsstaterna inte kan försäkra sig ett större skydd mot fördragsbrott i frågan om implementering av mervärdesskattedirektivet. Därmed finns en rättsosäkerhet i frågan om medlemsstaternas handlingsutrymme gällande implementeringen av mervärdesskattedirektivet bestämmelser vilket även påverkar varje enskild medborgare inom EU. / As a member of the European Union (EU), nations commit to accommodate its national legislation to EU law. An example of this is the regulation of value added tax (VAT). The purpose with the regulation of VAT is to create and stimulate the internal market within EU, without differences between the member states. The VAT is harmonized through the VAT Directive, which every member state is obligated to comply with. The implementation of a directive imposes an opportunity for the member states to make their own interpretations and determine how the implementation shall be handled, as long as the result of the directive is fulfilled. However, several claims have been raised in the Court of Justice of the European Union, claiming failure to fulfil an obligation under the Directive on the common system of VAT. This is based on the Commission’s view that member states do not comply with its obligations within the VAT Directive. Thereby arises the question of; how the constitutional rights of EU actually gives the member states an opportunity to interpret the implementation of the VAT Directive into national legislation. In the thesis this question is set in relation to EU Treaties, legal principals and an analysis of case law in the areas of VAT groups and reduced tax rates. The thesis concludes that the member states have a limited discretion for implementation of the VAT Directive. EU Treaties, principles and case law do not give the area of discretion that has been interpreted. Furthermore there is an uncertainty about the area of application and the principle of neutrality. Therefore member states cannot ensure protection against failure to fulfil an obligation under the Directive on the common system of VAT. Thus, there is a legal uncertainty in the question of discretion regarding the implementation of the VAT Directive, which affects all citizens within the EU.

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