Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1956. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 16 (1956) no. 11, p. 2118-2119. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-187).

Cannabis is widely consumed medically and recreationally due to the presence of cannabinoids, but the phytochemical complexity of different varieties and preparations is a major knowledge gap. This thesis investigated the phytochemicals present in thirteen different cannabis strains using untargeted and targeted phytochemical analysis to determine “strain” differences in cannabis tinctures and oils. In addition, the phytochemical differences between different oil products, namely oils extracted by ethanol and CO2 supercritical fluid, were also determined to evaluate different processing methods. It was found that inter-strain variability was more significant than the preparation methods due to the strain-specific presence of major cannabinoids, specifically THCA and CBDA. Furthermore, a processing step like drying removed phytochemicals contributing to strain differences, most notably terpenes. The results suggested that consumers can expect different strains and products to have different chemical profiles, as CO2 oils were found to be more chemically consistent across products than tinctures. Cannabis can be consumed in many different ways, and one popular mode of delivery is vaporization. Vaporization extracts active principles of cannabis with heated gas and could lead to a different phytochemical profile compared to the original flower counterpart. Consequently, the product label based on the raw material may not be representative of what is phytochemically available during consumption. The results of this study showed a reduction in available chemicals after vaporizing flower and oils, and little new chemical formation through this process. Decarboxylated cannabinoids were the most significant contributors to differences between pre and post-vaporized samples, and different phytochemistry composition was observed after vaporization. The results also demonstrated that vaporization reduces inter-strain and inter-product chemical diversity, but the content of the vapor can still be affected by the strain used. Furthermore, it showed that vaporization could extract phytochemicals differently from oils than flower material. This thesis provides a new understanding of phytochemical differences, extraction and vaporization processes of cannabis, and provides novel insights into cannabis for producers and consumers. Understanding the differences in chemical content of different types of concentrates can better inform producers and consumers about the products they make, sell and use. In addition, this thesis supports the use of vaporization as a harm reduction method for the consumption of cannabis, and increases understanding of cannabis vaporization. The information from this thesis contributes novel insights into cannabis research and provides a foundation for further studies.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 49).

A single-drop study using motion picture photography was used to predict the heat transfer with a change of phase (vaporization) between two immiscible liquids. In all, three systems were studied using furan, isopentane, and cyclopentane as the dispersed phase liquids and distilled water as the continuous phase liquid. The correlation which predicted the overall heat transfer coefficient for all the three systems was Nu = 0. 0505 (Pe') [formula omitted], where the Nusselt number and the modified Peclet number were based on the dispersed phase liquid properties. This correlation was developed from the experimental data only up to ten percent evaporation and was not found to hold well for the total evaporation range, when the total evaporation time from this correlation was compared with that obtained by a dilatometric method. Individual equations for each system, however, gave good agreement between experimental and theoretical total evaporation time. The average rate of heat transfer for all the three systems is given by the equation, [formula omitted] where 'C' is a constant which is different for each system. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of / Graduate

archives@tulane.edu / Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) is an attractive alternative to traditional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatments. ADV involves injecting microdroplets into the bloodstream which then accumulate in and around the tumor’s vasculature. Once accumulated, high-power ultrasound is used to vaporize the microdroplets into larger perfluoropentane gas microbubbles which occlude blood flow and induce necrosis of the tumor without harming healthy tissue like traditional HCC treatments. This study aims to optimize ADV treatment by improving the shell composition and surface architecture of microdroplets while ensuring the treatment remains safe. In order to ensure the treatment is as effective as possible, the microdroplets must have powerful binding capabilities, guaranteeing maximum microdroplet accumulation and treatment efficacy. The binding capabilities of three microdroplet shell compositions, created by adjusting the molar percentages of the three lipids found in the shell, were investigated and found to all have equal binding abilities. The surface architecture of these microdroplets were also altered to maximise binding capabilities. Microdroplets can have either an exposed-ligand or buried-ligand surface architecture. In microdroplets with a buried-ligand surface architecture, the attached tumor-targeting ligands are hidden within a layer of longer lipid chains which allow the microdroplets to evade the immune system and circulate within the bloodstream longer, increasing treatment efficacy. It was found that microdroplets with a buried-ligand surface architecture do not have comparable binding capabilities to microdroplets with an exposed-ligand surface architecture and are therefore not a viable alternative for use in ADV. Finally, the velocity required to dislodge perfluoropentane gas microbubbles was explored to determine if the gas microbubbles can remain adhered to the tumor’s vasculature to create a strong occlusion. Since perfluoropentane gas microbubbles occlude blood flow it is imperative that the microbubbles remain in the tumor’s vasculature and do not dislodge and accumulate in other parts of the body’s vasculature. By measuring the velocity and calculating the force necessary for dislodgement and comparing those values to those found in capillaries it was concluded that the perfluoropentane gas microbubbles can withstand the force of blood flow and remain lodged in capillaries. / 1 / Chloe Celingant-Copie

No description available.

Graphite filter atomizers (GFA) for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) show substantial advantages over commonly employed electrothermal vaporizers and atomizers, tube and platform furnaces, for direct determination of high and medium volatility elements in matrices associated with strong spectral and chemical interferences. Two factors provide lower limits of detection and shorter determination cycles with the GFA: the vaporization area in the GFA is separated from the absorption volume by a porous graphite partition; the sample is distributed over a large surface of a collector in the vaporization area. These factors convert the GFA into an efficient chemical reactor. The research concerning the GFA concept, technique and analytical methodology, carried out mainly in the author's laboratory in Russia and South Africa, is reviewed. Examples of analytical applications of the GFA in AAS for analysis of organic liquids and slurries, bio-samples and food products are given. Future prospects for the GFA are discussed in connection with analyses by fast multi-element AAS.

The quasi-steady, spherically symmetric combustion of multicomponent isolated fuel droplets has been modeled using modified Shvab-Zeldovich variable mechanism. Newly developed modified Shvab-Zeldovich equations have been used to describe the gas phase reactions. Vapor-liquid equilibrium model has been applied to describe the phase change at the droplet surface. Constant gas phase specific heats are assumed. The liquid phase is assumed to be of uniform composition and temperature. Radiative heat transfer between the droplet and surroundings is neglected. The results of evaporation of gasoline with discrete composition of hydrocarbons have been presented. The evaporation rates seem to follow the pattern of volatility differentials. The evaporation rate constant was obtained as 0.344mm2/sec which compared well with the unsteady results of Reitz et al. The total evaporation time of the droplet at an ambience of 1000K was estimated to be around 0.63 seconds. Next, the results of evaporation of representative diesel fuels have been compared with previously reported experimental data. The previous experiments showed sufficient liquid phase diffusional resistance in the droplet. Numerical results are consistent with the qualitative behavior of the experiments. The quantitative deviation during the vaporization process can be attributed to the diffusion time inside the droplet which is unaccounted for in the model. Transient evaporation results have also been presented for the representative diesel droplets. The droplet temperature profile indicates that the droplet temperature does not reach an instantaneous steady state as in the case of single-component evaporation. To perform similar combustion calculations for multicomponent fuel droplets, no simple model existed prior to this work. Accordingly, a new simplified approximate mechanism for multicomponent combustion of fuel droplets has been developed and validated against several independent data sets. The new mechanism is simple enough to be used for computational studies of multicomponent droplets. The new modified Shvab-Zeldovich mechanism for multicomponent droplet combustion has been used to model the combustion characteristics of a binary alcohol-alkane droplet and validated against experimental data. Burn rate for the binary droplet of octanol-undecane was estimated to be 1.17mm2/sec in good concurrence with the experimental value of 0.952mm2/sec obtained by Law and Law. The model has then been used to evaluate the combustion characteristics of diesel fuels assuming only gas phase reactions. Flame sheet approximation has been invoked in the formulation of the model.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.