Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007. / Title from file title page. Chun Jiang, committee chair; Teryl Frey, Deborah Baro, Delon Barfuss, committee members. Electronic text (168 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Jan. 30, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-151).

Yang, Chao. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-146). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis Committee --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Contents --- p.iii / Declaration --- p.vii / Abstract --- p.viii / 摘要 --- p.xi / Abbreviations --- p.xiii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Occurrence and Structure of Phytosterols in Plants --- p.P.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Biological Effects of Phytosterols / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Cholesterol-lowering Effect of Phytosterols --- p.P.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Anti-cancer Effect of Phytosterols --- p.P.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Anti-proliferative Effect of Phytosterols --- p.P.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Intake and Absorption of Phytosterols in Human Beings --- p.P.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Occurrence and Physiological Levels of Phytosterol Oxidation Products (POPs) / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Occurrence of POPs --- p.P.8 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Physiological Levels of POPs --- p.P.8 / Chapter 1.5 --- Endothelium and the Vascular Tone / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Role of Endothelium in the Control of Vascular Tone --- p.P.11 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- "Endothelial Dysfunction, Cholesterol Oxidation Products (COPs) and Phytosterol Oxidation Products (POPs)" --- p.P.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- Calcium Homeostasis in the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Modes of Ca2+ Entry in VSMCs --- p.P.15 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Modes of Ca2+ Efflux in VSMCs --- p.P.18 / Chapter 1.7 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.P.19 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- β-SITOSTEROL OXIDATION PRODUCTS ATTENUATE VASORELAXATION BY INCREASING REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.P.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of SOPs --- p.P.24 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Gas Chromatography -mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Identification of SOPs --- p.P.24 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Analysis of SOPs --- p.P.25 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Vessel Preparation --- p.P.25 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Isometric Force Measurement --- p.P.26 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Western Blotting --- p.P.27 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Primary Culture of Rat Aortic Endothelial Cell --- p.P.28 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Measurement of SOPs-induced Intracellular Oxidative Stress --- p.P.29 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Drugs --- p.P.30 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Data Analysis --- p.P.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results / Chapter 2.3.1 --- GC-MS Identification of SOPs --- p.P.32 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Analysis of SOPs --- p.P.34 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- SOPs But Not β-Sitosterol Impaired ACh- and A23187-induced relaxations --- p.P.36 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Inhibition of COX Pathway Reversed SOPs-induced Impairment in Relaxation --- p.P.39 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- SOPs Elevated Endothelial COX-2 Expression --- p.P.42 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- SOPs Increased COX-2 Expression via An Oxidative Stress-sensitive Pathway --- p.P.45 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.P.52 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.P.56 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- β-SITOSTEROL OXIDATION PRODUCTS POSSESS POTENTIAL VOCC BLOCKING EFFECT IN VSMCs / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction / Chapter 3.1.1 --- 2+ Modes of Ca Entry and Efflux in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) --- p.P.57 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Effect of Cholesterol and COPs on VSMCs --- p.P.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology and Materials / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Vessel Preparation --- p.P.59 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Isometric Force Measurement iv --- p.P.59 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Drugs --- p.P.60 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Data Analysis --- p.P.61 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results / Chapter 3.3.1 --- SOPs but not β-Sitosterol Induced Relaxation in 60 mM K+ -preconstricted Endothelium-denuded Aorta --- p.P.62 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Both SOPs and β-Sitosterol did not Relax U46619-preconstricted Endothelium-denuded Aorta --- p.P.64 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Both SOPs and β-Sitosterol did not Relax PDA -preconstricted Endothelium-denuded Aorta --- p.P.66 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- SOPs Attenuated 60 mM K+-induced Contraction --- p.P.68 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- SOPs Attenuated Phenylephrine-induced Contraction --- p.P.70 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Effect of SOPs on Concentration-dependent Responses to U46619 --- p.P.72 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Preincubation with Bay K 8644 Abolished SOPs-induced Relaxation in 60 mM K+ -preconstricted Rings --- p.P.74 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Preincubation with Thapsigargin did not Affect SOPs-induced Relaxation in 60 mM K+ -preconstricted Rings --- p.P.76 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Preincubation with Ouabain did not Affect SOPs-induced Relaxation in 60 mM K+ -preconstricted Rings --- p.P.78 / Chapter 3.3.10 --- Preincubation with Nickel Potentiated SOPs-induced Relaxation in 60 mM K+ -preconstricted Rings --- p.P.80 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.P.84 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion and Future Work --- p.P.88 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- INVOLEMENT OF NITRIC OXIDE IN THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PHYTOSTEROLS AGAINST HOMOCYSTEINE-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXATIONS OF RAT AORTA / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.P.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Method / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Vessel Preparation --- p.P.93 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Isometric Force Measurement --- p.P.93 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Western Blotting --- p.P.94 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- "1,1 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Capacity" --- p.P.96 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Primary Culture of Rat Aortic Endothelial Cells V --- p.P.96 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Measurement Intracellular Oxidative Stress --- p.P.97 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Nitric Oxide (NO) Measurement --- p.P.97 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Drugs --- p.P.98 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Data Analysis --- p.P.99 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Impairment of Endothelium-dependent Relaxation by HC was Reversed by ROS Scavenger --- p.P.100 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Brassicasterol Reversed HC-induced Endothelial Dysfunction In a Dose-dependent Manner --- p.P.102 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- β-Sitosterol and Stigmasterol Reversed HC-induced Endothelial Dysfunction --- p.P.104 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Effects of β-Sitosterol Oxidation Products (SOPs) on HC-induced Endothelial Dysfunction --- p.P.106 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Effects of Brassicasterol and β-Sitosterol on H2O2-induced Impairment of Endothelium-dependent Relaxation --- p.P.108 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Phytosterols did not Directly Scavenge Free Radicals --- p.P.110 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- "HC and Brassicasterol did not Affect the Expression of SOD-1, SOD-2, eNOS, COX-1 and COX-2 in Aorta" --- p.P.112 / Chapter 4.3.8 --- HC Increased ROS Production in Primary Rat Aortic Endotelial Cells --- p.P.116 / Chapter 4.3.9 --- Brassicasterol did not Reverse the ROS Production by HC treatment In the Endothelial Cells --- p.P.120 / Chapter 4.3.10 --- Effect of L-NAME on Reversing the Effect of Brassicasterol on ACh-induced Relaxation --- p.P.123 / Chapter 4.3.11 --- Brassicasterol Reversed the Inhibitory Effect of HC on ACh-induced NO Production in Endothelial Cells --- p.P.125 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.P.128 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion and Future Work --- p.P.132 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE: --- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK --- p.P.134 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX: --- REFERENCES --- p.P.137

Graduation date: 1993

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-174). Also available on the Internet.

This ex post facto correlational study seeks to identify if a relationship between blood glucose values and vasomotor instability intensity exists. The population consisted of a convenience sample of seven type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women experiencing vasomotor instability living in Southern Alberta. This study hypothesizes that a significant negative correlation would be identified between these two variables based on research done by Dormire and Reame (2003). The correlational results suggest that a small to moderate significant positive relationship exists between blood glucose and vasomotor instability: increased vasomotor instability was associated with increased blood glucose values. Overall, this study suggests a relationship exists between blood glucose and vasomotor instability but causality or direction of this relationship cannot be determined. Further research studies are recommended to clarify and validate this research. In particular, such a study should include type 1 diabetic postmenopausal women, a larger sample size, and sampling a wider geographical area. / ix, 109 leaves ; 29 cm.

[Truncated abstract] Cardiovascular reflex control of the vasculature is important in maintaining adequate tissue oxygenation in the face of disturbances in physiological homeostasis. Alterations in blood oxygen levels and blood distribution evoke integrated neural, mechanical and humoral responses which modulate peripheral vasomotor tone to maintain systemic cardiovascular integrity. The balance between the local effects of hypoxia and changes in chemoreflex control of vascular tone during hypoxia determine whether net vasoconstriction or vasodilatation is evident in the peripheral vasculature. The mechanisms contributing to hypoxic vasodilatation per se have not previously been defined in healthy humans. Study 1 of this thesis (Chapter 3) investigated the mechanisms contributing to vasomotor responses to chemoreflex activation in the human forearm ... Study 2 (Chapter 4a) investigated the mechanisms controlling vasomotor responses to isocapnic hypoxia in subjects with type 2 diabetes ... Study 3 (Chapter 5) compared the vascular responses to decreased venous return in individuals with and without right atrial afferent innervation ... The results of this thesis indicate that in healthy humans isocapnic hypoxia induces sympathetic vasoconstriction, which masks underlying β-adrenoceptor mediated vasodilatation. The normal vasomotor response to isocapnic hypoxia is impaired in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Despite intact vasoconstrictor responses, subjects with type 2 diabetes exhibited attenuated adrenaline-mediated vasodilatation compared to healthy control subjects, suggesting that the chemoreflex in these subjects is ill-equipped to respond to hypoxic stress. In clinical terms, impaired reflex vasomotor

<p>TCD apnea test kao neinvazivna i bezbedna neuroultrasonografska metoda pruža korisne informacije o vazomotornoj reaktivnosti (VMR) u procesu indirektnog sagledavanja funkcionisanja moždane autoregulacije. Vazomotorna reaktivnosti podrazumeva sposobnost dilatacije ili konstrikcije moždanih arteriola nastale kao odgovor na određeni vazoaktivni stimulus, najče&scaron;će ugljen dioksid. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je ispitivanje i analiziranje promene karotidne hemodinamike kod bolesnika sa ishemijskim moždanim udarom (IMU) ili tranzitornim ishemijskim atakom (TIA) i simptomatskom karotidnom stenozom u preoperativnom i tromesečnom postoperativnom periodu, kao i procena revaskularizacionog efekta karotidne endarterektomije (KEA).U istraživanje je uključeno 60 hospitalizovanih bolesnika koji su doživeli prvi IMU i TIA u zoni vaskularizacije arterije cerebri anterior (ACA) i arterije cerebri medije (ACM), svi sa karotidnom stenozom, ACI &ge;70%. Bolesnici su bili hospitalizovani na Klinici za neurologiju, Kliničkog Centra Vojvodine, Klinici za kardiovaskularnu hirurgiju, Instituta za kardiovaskularne bolesti Vojvodine i Klinici za vaskularnu hirurgiju, u Novom Sadu. U odnosu na kliničke manifestacije bolesni i su podeljeni u tri grupe: bolesnici sa TIA i amaurosis fugax, sa parcijalnim infarktom u zoni ACA ili ACM i sa lakunarnim infarktom. Istraživanje je analiziralo uticaj promenljivih i nepromenljivih vaskularnih faktora rizika na pojavu IMU i TIA, ali i na VMR, procenjivanu kroz indeks zadržavanja daha (Breath Holding Index, BHI) ipsilateralno i kontralateralno u odnosu na karotidnu stenozu. Analizirana je povezanost stepena karotidne stenoze sa vrednostima BHI preoperativno, povezanost BHI sa težinom kliničke slike, uticaj kolateralnog krvotoka na VMR, distribucija BHI u pojedinim tipovima IMU i TIA kao i komparacija BHI u pre i u postoperativnom periodu od 30 i 90 dana. Na osnovu sprovedenog istraživanja, do&scaron;lo se do zaključaka da je redukovana VMR preoperativna karakteristika karotidne stenoze ipsilateralno kao i karakteristika različitih tipova IMU i TIA ipsilateralno; postoji negativna korela ija izmeĐu stepena karotidne stenoze i BHI vrednosti. Nije potvrđena hipoteza da veći roj razvijenih kolateralnih puteva uslovljava očuvanu VMR; utvrđena je pozitivna korelacija između BHI vrednosti u preoperativnom i postoperativnom periodu; redukovana VMR ima negativan uticaj na težinu kliničke slike. Prepoznavanje vrednosti TCD apnea testa, koji se može koristiti kao komplementarna metoda drugim vazoaktivnim testovima u praćenju karotidne hemodinamike, od posebne je važnosti neurologu i vaskularnom hirurgu. Time bi se doprinelo daljoj evaluaciji mehanizma nastanka IMU, planiranju terapijskog pristupa i determinisanju prognoze operisanih bolesnika. Činjenica da većina neurolo&scaron;kih odeljenja poseduje TCD aparat, apnea test postaje dostupan svakom neurologu u kliničkom radu, posebno u na&scaron;im uslovima, kada se do drugih drugih, skupljih metoda, te&scaron;ko stiže ili nam ostaju nedostižne.</p> / <p>TCD apnea test, as a noninvasive and safe neuroultrasonographic method, provides useful information about vasomotor reactivity (VMR) in the indirect evaluation of cerebral autoregulation. Vasomotor reactivity is the ability of cerebral arterioles to constrict or to dilate in response to a vasoactive stimulus, mainly carbon dioxide. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate and analyze changes in carotid hemodynamics in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and symptomatic carotid stenosis in the preoperative and three-month postoperative period as well as the assessment of revascularisation effect of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The study included 60 hospitalized patients who experienced a first ischemic stroke or TIA in the vasularisation area of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), all with carotid stenosis &ge;70% ACI. Patients were hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Department of Vascular Surgery in Novi Sad. Considering clinical manifestations of stroke, the patients were divided into three groups: patients with TIA and amaurosis fugax, with partial infarction in area ACA or ACM and with lacunar infarct. The study analyzed the impact of variabile and unvariable vascular risk factors on the incidence of ischemic stroke and TIA, but also on VMR, evaluated through Breath Holding Index (Breath Holding Index, BHI) on the ipsilateral and contralateral side from carotid stenosis. We analysed the correlation between the degree of carotid stenosis with preoperative values of BHI, BHI correlation to the severity of clinical findings, the impact of collateral circulation to the VMR, distribution of BHI in certain types of ischemic stroke and TIA as well as comparison of BHI in the pre and postoperative period of 30 and 90 days. On the basis of this research came the conclusion that reduced VMR is characteristic of ipsilateral carotid stenosis in preoperative period as well as number of developed collateral characteristics of different types of ipsilateral ischemic stroke and TIA; there is a negative correlation between the degree of carotid stenosis and BHI values. The hypothesis that the greater pathways causes preservation of VMR was not confirmed, while the positive correlation between BHI values in the preoperative and postoperative period was established. Reduced VMR has a negative impact on the degree of clinical picture severity. Recognizing the importance of TCD apnea test method, that can be used as a complementary method to other vasoactive tests in monitoring of carotid hemodynamics, is of special importance to the neurologists and vascular surgeons. This would contribute to the further evaluation of mechanism of ischemic stroke, planning of therapeutic approach and determining the prognosis of treated patients. The fact that most of neurological department has TCD device, apnea test becomes available to every neurologist in clinical work, specially in our conditions, when other methods remain unattainable.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.