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We present the new framework based on BFKL and DGLAP evolution equations in which the leading in(Q(_2)) and in(l/x) terms are treated on equal footing. We introduce a pair of coupled integro-difFerential equations for the quark singlet and the unintegrated gluon distribution. The observable structure functions are calculated using high energy factorisation approach. We also include the sub-leading in (l/x) effects via consistency constraint. We argue that the use of this constraint leads to more stable solution to the Pomeron intercept than that based on the NLO calculation of the BFKL equation alone and generates resummation to all orders of the major part of the subleading in (l/x) effects. The global fit to all available deep inelastic data is performed using a simple parametrisation of the non-perturbative region. We also present the results for the longitudinal structure function and the charm component of the F(_2) structure function. Next; we extend this approach to the low Q(^2) domain. At small distances we use the perturbative approach based on the unified BFKL/DGLAP equations and for large distances we use Vector Meson Dominance Model and, for the higher mass qq states, the additive quark approach. We show the results for the total cross section and for the ratio of the longitudinal and transverse structure functions. Finally, we calculate the dijet production and consider the decorrelation effects in the azimuthal distributions caused by the diffusion in the transverse momentum k(_r) of the exchanged gluon. Using the gluon distribution which is fixed by the fit to the DIS data we are able to make absolute predictions. We show the results for the dF(_r)/dɸ, the total cross section and also the distributions in Q(^2) as well as in the longitudinal momentum fraction of the gluon. Our theoretical predictions are confronted with the measurements made using ZEUS detector at HERA.

O regime de altas energias (pequeno x de Bjorken) da Cromodinâmica Quântica (QCD) tem sido intensamente investigado através de experimentos de colisões em altas energias. Neste regime, espera-se que efeitos não lineares determinem o comportamento dinâmico do conteúdo de quarks e glúons no interior dos hádrons. Como uma consequência da dinâmica não linear, espera-se que o crescimento da distribuição de pártons sature. A descrição do regime de saturação é dada pelo Condensado de Vidros de Cor (CGC), que é uma teoria efetiva que descreve a QCD em altas energias. A saturação desempenha um papel fundamental no espalhamento difrativo profundamente inelástico, dada a forte dependência deste processo na distribuição de glúons. Como um exemplo de um processo difrativo exclusivo, temos a produção de mésons vetoriais. Um outro processo interessante é a produção de nêutrons dominantes. Apesar de mais de dez anos de intensos esforços teóricos e experimentais, a distribuição em momento de Feynman de um nêutron dominante continua sem uma descrição teórica satisfatória. Recentemente o HERA divulgou dados precisos de produção de nêutron dominante em altas energias. Os dados são de processos semi-inclusivos e de processos difrativos exclusivos (produção de méson rho). Nesta tese nós propomos um modelo unificado para descrever os dados do HERA de produção de nêutrons dominantes em processos semi-inclusivos e exclusivos. Para isso, utilizamos o formalismo de dipolo de cor, levando em conta os efeitos de saturação partônica. Atualmente não há colisor elétron-próton operando para testar a robustez do nosso modelo em relação a um conjunto de dados mais amplo. Uma alternativa para o estudo da produção de nêutron dominante nos colisores hadrônicos atuais são os processos fotoinduzidos, que ocorrem em colisões ultraperiféricas. Nós também estudamos a produção exclusiva de méson vetorial associada a nêutrons dominantes em interações fóton-próton que acontecem em colisões próton-próton e próton-núcleo nas energias do RHIC e LHC. / The regime of high energies (small Bjorken-x) of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) has been intensively investigated in experiments at high-energy collisions. In this regime it is expected that nonlinear effects determine the dynamic behavior of quarks and gluons inside the hadrons. As a consequence of the nonlinear dynamics, it is expected that the growth of the parton distribution saturate. The description of the saturation regime is given by the Color Glass Condensate (CGC), which is an effective theory which describes the QCD at high energies. The saturation plays a key role in diffractive deep inelastic scattering, given the strong dependence of this process in the gluon distribution. As an example of an exclusive diffractive process, we have vector meson production. Another interesting process is leading neutron production. In spite of more than ten years of intense experimental and theoretical efforts, the Feynman momentum distribution of leading neutrons remains without a satisfactory theoretical description. Very recently, high precision data on leading neutrons produced in electron-proton reactions at HERA at high energies became available: data on the inclusive process and the exclusive diffractive process (rho meson production). In this text we have proposed a unified model to describe the HERA data of inclusive and exclusive leading neutron production. To achieve this goal, we have used the color dipole formalism with the contribution of gluon saturation effects. Nowadays there is no electron-proton collider running to check some of our predictions. An alternative for the study of leading neutron production at hadronic colliders are the photon-induced processes, which occur in ultraperipheral collisions. We also consider exclusive vector meson production in association with a leading neutron in photon-proton interactions that take place in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC energies.

Thesis (M.S.); Submitted to the Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (US); 1 Apr 2003. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "JLAB-PHY-03-37" "DOE/ER/40150-2740" Clarisse Tur. 04/01/2003. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.