EVALUACIÓN DE SECUENCIA INVERSA CON VECURONIO EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A ANESTESIA GENERAL EN EL HOSPITAL GUILLERMO ALMENARA IRIGOYEN. Dr. Julio César Castillejo Correa Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. UNMSM Objetivo: Determinar como influye la secuencia de administración de Vecuronio en el tiempo, para lograr condiciones adecuadas de intubación en pacientes que reciben anestesia general. Metodología: Se diseño un estudio Experimental (Ensayo clínico), Prospectivo, Analítico, Longitudinal, Tipo Cohorte. La muestra incluyó 200 pacientes, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron divididos al azar en dos grupos: Grupo 1: Inducción de secuencia normal (Propofol - Vecuronio) Grupo 2: Inducción de secuencia inversa (Vecuronio - Propofol) Con ayuda de un observador quien registraba los datos de la monitorización y otro (el mismo en todos los casos) realizaba la intubación. Las condiciones de intubación fueron evaluadas mediante la escala de Damoal-Mehta modificada. La intubación endotraqueal se realizó de acuerdo a las condiciones clínicas del paciente monitorizado y en correlación a un estimulador de nervio periférico con acelerómetro (TOF- GUARD). Se utilizo el programa Epi - Info 2000. Resultados: Ambos grupos de estudio fueron comparables para edad, sexo, estado físico (ASA) y condiciones de intubación. La técnica de inducción con secuencia inversa (Vecuronio 0.15 mg/Kg durante 20 seg, 20 seg después se aplicó Propofol 2 mg/Kg durante 20 seg), es capaz de producir condiciones adecuadas de intubación en menor tiempo (28 seg promedio), en comparación con la secuencia normal de inducción (Propofol 2 mg/Kg durante 20 seg, 20 seg después se aplicó Vecuronio 0.15 mg/Kg durante 20 seg) que logró adecuadas condiciones de intubación en 101 seg promedio. Se apreció una reducción del tiempo de 73% al compararse ambas secuencias de inducción. Se dio el menor tiempo en lograr adecuadas condiciones de intubación (18 seg) en una paciente de sexo femenino, de 21 años y ASA I, que fue inducida con secuencia inversa. Se comprobó que con la técnica de secuencia inversa se dieron mínimas variaciones hemodinámicas (frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica). La medida de relajación muscular por neuroestimulador (TOF), corroboró que los pacientes del estudio sometidos a inducción con secuencia inversa (56.043%) y secuencia normal (58.86%), presentaron porcentajes semejantes de relajación, logrando el grupo de secuencia inversa menos tiempo para alcanzar estos valores. Las condiciones de intubación no mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Todos los pacientes tuvieron condiciones buenas y excelentes al momento de intubar. Conclusión: La inducción de secuencia inversa produce condiciones adecuadas de intubación en un menor tiempo, que la inducción con secuencia normal, resultando esta técnica eficiente en acortar el periodo entre la administración del agente de inducción y la intubación (Inicio de acción del relajante), observándose que al administrar la dosis completa de intubación del relajante muscular antes del inductor, se gana algunos segundos en el periodo en que el paciente permanece inconsciente y sin aislar la vía aérea. Palabras Clave: Secuencia Inversa, secuencia normal, TFIT / -- EVALUATION OF THE INVERSE SEQUENCE WITH VECURONIO IN PATIENTS SUBMITED TO GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN THE GUILLERMO ALMENARA IRIGOYEN´S HOSPITAL. Julio César Castillejo Correa Hospital NacionalGuillermo Almenara Irigoyen. UNMSM Objective: Determine how the administration sequence of Vecuronio influences in time, to reach suitable conditions for intubation in patients that receive general anesthesia. Methodology: A experimental study (clinical rehearsal), prospective, analític, longitudinal, Cohort type. The sample include 200 patients, that obeyed the inclusion criteria and they were divided at random in two groups: Group 1: normal- sequence Induction (Propofol - Vecuronio) Group 2: inverse- sequence Induction (Vecuronio - Propofol) With an observer's help that was registering the monitorization's data and another one (the same one in all cases) perform the intubation. The intubation conditions were evaluated with the Damoal's - Mehta scale modified. The endotraqueal intubation were realize according to the clinical conditions of the patient and in correlation to a peripheric- nerve stimulator with accelerometer (TOF - GUARD). We use Epi - Info 2000 program. Results: Both study groups were comparable for age, sex, physical state (ASA) and intubation conditions. The induction technique with inverse sequence (Vecuronio 0.15 mg/Kg during 20 sec, 20 sec after, Propofol applied 2 mg/Kg during 20 sec), is able to produce suitable intubation conditions in less time (28 sec average), as compared with the normal induction sequence (Propofol 2 mg/Kg during 20 sec, 20 sec after, Vecuronio applied 0.15 mg/Kg during 20 sec) that obtain suitable intubation conditions in 101sec average. A time reduction of 73% was appreciated when both sequences were compared. We obtain the less time in produce suitable intubation conditions (18 sec) in a patient of female sex, of 21 years, ASA I, that was induced with inverse sequence. We checked that with the inverse-sequence technique appears minimal hemodinamics variations (cardiac frequency, blood pressure sistolic and diastolic). The measure of the muscular relaxation by neuroestimulator (TOF), corroborated that the study's patients submit to induction with inverse sequence (56.043%) and normal sequence (58.86%), presented similar relaxation percentages, achieving the inverse-sequence group less time to reach these values. The intubation conditions not shows significant differences among both groups. All of the patients had good and excellent conditions at the moment of the intubation.. Conclusion: The inverse- sequence induction produces suitable conditions of intubation in a less time, than the induction with normal sequence, resulting this technique efficient in shortening the period among the administration of the agent of induction and the intubation (start of the relaxant's action), observing that when we administrate the complete intubation dose of the muscular relaxant before the inductor, the patient wins some seconds in the period whereon remain unconscious and without isolating airway. Key words: Inverse Sequence, normal sequence, TFIT

EVALUACIÓN DE SECUENCIA INVERSA CON VECURONIO EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A ANESTESIA GENERAL EN EL HOSPITAL GUILLERMO ALMENARA IRIGOYEN. Dr. Julio César Castillejo Correa Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. UNMSM Objetivo: Determinar como influye la secuencia de administración de Vecuronio en el tiempo, para lograr condiciones adecuadas de intubación en pacientes que reciben anestesia general. Metodología: Se diseño un estudio Experimental (Ensayo clínico), Prospectivo, Analítico, Longitudinal, Tipo Cohorte. La muestra incluyó 200 pacientes, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron divididos al azar en dos grupos: Grupo 1: Inducción de secuencia normal (Propofol - Vecuronio) Grupo 2: Inducción de secuencia inversa (Vecuronio - Propofol) Con ayuda de un observador quien registraba los datos de la monitorización y otro (el mismo en todos los casos) realizaba la intubación. Las condiciones de intubación fueron evaluadas mediante la escala de Damoal-Mehta modificada. La intubación endotraqueal se realizó de acuerdo a las condiciones clínicas del paciente monitorizado y en correlación a un estimulador de nervio periférico con acelerómetro (TOF- GUARD). Se utilizo el programa Epi - Info 2000. Resultados: Ambos grupos de estudio fueron comparables para edad, sexo, estado físico (ASA) y condiciones de intubación. La técnica de inducción con secuencia inversa (Vecuronio 0.15 mg/Kg durante 20 seg, 20 seg después se aplicó Propofol 2 mg/Kg durante 20 seg), es capaz de producir condiciones adecuadas de intubación en menor tiempo (28 seg promedio), en comparación con la secuencia normal de inducción (Propofol 2 mg/Kg durante 20 seg, 20 seg después se aplicó Vecuronio 0.15 mg/Kg durante 20 seg) que logró adecuadas condiciones de intubación en 101 seg promedio. Se apreció una reducción del tiempo de 73% al compararse ambas secuencias de inducción. Se dio el menor tiempo en lograr adecuadas condiciones de intubación (18 seg) en una paciente de sexo femenino, de 21 años y ASA I, que fue inducida con secuencia inversa. Se comprobó que con la técnica de secuencia inversa se dieron mínimas variaciones hemodinámicas (frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica). La medida de relajación muscular por neuroestimulador (TOF), corroboró que los pacientes del estudio sometidos a inducción con secuencia inversa (56.043%) y secuencia normal (58.86%), presentaron porcentajes semejantes de relajación, logrando el grupo de secuencia inversa menos tiempo para alcanzar estos valores. Las condiciones de intubación no mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Todos los pacientes tuvieron condiciones buenas y excelentes al momento de intubar. Conclusión: La inducción de secuencia inversa produce condiciones adecuadas de intubación en un menor tiempo, que la inducción con secuencia normal, resultando esta técnica eficiente en acortar el periodo entre la administración del agente de inducción y la intubación (Inicio de acción del relajante), observándose que al administrar la dosis completa de intubación del relajante muscular antes del inductor, se gana algunos segundos en el periodo en que el paciente permanece inconsciente y sin aislar la vía aérea. Palabras Clave: Secuencia Inversa, secuencia normal, TFIT / EVALUATION OF THE INVERSE SEQUENCE WITH VECURONIO IN PATIENTS SUBMITED TO GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN THE GUILLERMO ALMENARA IRIGOYEN´S HOSPITAL. Julio César Castillejo Correa Hospital NacionalGuillermo Almenara Irigoyen. UNMSM Objective: Determine how the administration sequence of Vecuronio influences in time, to reach suitable conditions for intubation in patients that receive general anesthesia. Methodology: A experimental study (clinical rehearsal), prospective, analític, longitudinal, Cohort type. The sample include 200 patients, that obeyed the inclusion criteria and they were divided at random in two groups: Group 1: normal- sequence Induction (Propofol - Vecuronio) Group 2: inverse- sequence Induction (Vecuronio - Propofol) With an observer's help that was registering the monitorization's data and another one (the same one in all cases) perform the intubation. The intubation conditions were evaluated with the Damoal's - Mehta scale modified. The endotraqueal intubation were realize according to the clinical conditions of the patient and in correlation to a peripheric- nerve stimulator with accelerometer (TOF - GUARD). We use Epi - Info 2000 program. Results: Both study groups were comparable for age, sex, physical state (ASA) and intubation conditions. The induction technique with inverse sequence (Vecuronio 0.15 mg/Kg during 20 sec, 20 sec after, Propofol applied 2 mg/Kg during 20 sec), is able to produce suitable intubation conditions in less time (28 sec average), as compared with the normal induction sequence (Propofol 2 mg/Kg during 20 sec, 20 sec after, Vecuronio applied 0.15 mg/Kg during 20 sec) that obtain suitable intubation conditions in 101sec average. A time reduction of 73% was appreciated when both sequences were compared. We obtain the less time in produce suitable intubation conditions (18 sec) in a patient of female sex, of 21 years, ASA I, that was induced with inverse sequence. We checked that with the inverse-sequence technique appears minimal hemodinamics variations (cardiac frequency, blood pressure sistolic and diastolic). The measure of the muscular relaxation by neuroestimulator (TOF), corroborated that the study's patients submit to induction with inverse sequence (56.043%) and normal sequence (58.86%), presented similar relaxation percentages, achieving the inverse-sequence group less time to reach these values. The intubation conditions not shows significant differences among both groups. All of the patients had good and excellent conditions at the moment of the intubation.. Conclusion: The inverse- sequence induction produces suitable conditions of intubation in a less time, than the induction with normal sequence, resulting this technique efficient in shortening the period among the administration of the agent of induction and the intubation (start of the relaxant's action), observing that when we administrate the complete intubation dose of the muscular relaxant before the inductor, the patient wins some seconds in the period whereon remain unconscious and without isolating airway. Key words: Inverse Sequence, normal sequence, TFIT

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

RATIONALE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the stored stability of dilutions of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), namely cisatracurium, rocuronium, and vecuronium, for skin prick/intradermal testing. METHODS: Concentrations of NMBAs were monitored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for a period of 14 days. Dilutions of NMBAs were prepared in saline by factors of 10x, 100x, 1,000x, and 100,000x as sensitivity of the assay allowed. Diluted drug products were stored in a laboratory refrigerator until sampling. On sampling days, aliquots of each dilution were removed and compared to a freshly prepared set of reference dilutions. RESULTS: The results are measured as beyond use date (BUD) defined as recovery of drug versus the reference (90-110%). Based on the LC-MS/MS data, the BUD for cisatracurium diluted to 10x and 100x is 96 hours. Higher dilutions (1,000x to 100,000x) should be used immediately following preparation (within less than 24 hours). Vecuronium at 10x and 100x also has a BUD of 96 hours, and the 1,000x dilution is stable for 24 hours. The 10,000x dilution should be used immediately. Rocurium at 10x to 1,000x has a BUD of 48 hours, yet higher dilutions (10,000x and 100,000x) should be used immediately. CONCLUSIONS: With increasing dilution factors, the stability of these drugs in saline decreases, increasing deviation between samples and references. The most stable dilutions for each of the drugs tested were 10x and 100x. Stability of these drugs is likely compromised by hydrolysis of the ester bonds in the drug molecules.

Rationale: The purpose of this study is to investigate the stored stability of dilutions of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), namely cisatracurium, rocuronium, and vecuronium, for skin prick/intradermal testing. Methods: Concentrations of NMBAs were monitored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for a period of 14 days. Dilutions of NMBAs were prepared in saline by factors of 10x, 100x, 1,000x, 10,000x, and 100,000x as sensitivity of the assay allowed. Diluted drug products were stored in a laboratory refrigerator until sampling. On sampling days, aliquots of each dilution were removed and compared to a freshly prepared set of reference dilutions. Results: The results are measured as beyond use date (BUD) defined as recovery of drug versus the reference (90-110%). Based on the LC-MS/MS data, the BUD for cisatracurium diluted to 10x and 100x is 96 hours. Higher dilutions (1,000x to100,000x) should be used immediately following preparation (within less than 24 hours). Vecuronium at 10x and 100x, also has a BUD of 96 hours, and the 1,000x dilution is stable for 24 hours. The 10,000x dilution should be used immediately. Rocuronium at 10x to 1,000x has a BUD of 48 hours, yet higher dilutions (10,000x and 100,000x) should be used immediately. Conclusions: With increasing dilution factors, the stability of these drugs in saline decreases, increasing deviation between samples and references. The most stable dilutions for each of the drugs tested were 10x and 100x. Stability of these drugs is likely compromised by hydrolysis of the ester bonds in the drug molecules.