No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

An algorithm for heat transfer prediction of in-service welding operations in a forcedflow of fluid is presented. The algorithm presented is derived from Rosenthal’s 3D heatflow equation and boundary layer approximations. This was possible by the introductionof an apparent thermal conductivity kPL, which is a function of the boundary layer’s heattransfer coefficient f and the base material’s thickness . This implies that a weldcooling time ΔtT1 /T2 in a forced flow of fluid can now be calculated by an ordinaryengineering calculator and thus enabling suitable welding parameters to be determined.The magnitude of kPLf , was established by regression analysis of results from aparametric finite element analysis series of a total number of 112 numerical simulations.Furthermore, the result of the regression analysis was validated and verified by a weldingexperiment series accomplished on an in-house designed and constructed in-servicewelding rig. The principle design of the welding rig as well as its instrumentation, a PCbased Data Acquisition system, is described. In addition, a method to measure the weldmetals cooling time ΔtT1 /T2 by means of thermocouple elements is described. Finally,the algorithm presented in this study proved feasible for industrial in-service weldingoperations of fine-grained Carbon and Carbon–Manganese steels with a maximum Carbon Equivalent (IIW) (CE) of 0.32. / Funktionsstabilitet

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Frequently a requirement exists to track sounding rockets or balloons from remote locations which have no radar capability. Occasionally, there is also a requirement to provide an alternative to radar tracking at those locations where it exists. TRADAT VI satisfies both requirements by providing vehicle positional from telemetry. In addition, it also provides real-time trajectory plots by its graphical display.

Contact is the principal way load is transferred to a body. The study of stresses and deformations arising due to contact interaction of solid bodies is thus of paramount importance in many engineering applications. In this work, problems involving contact interactions are investigated using finite element modeling. In the first part, a new augmented Lagrangian multiplier method is implemented for the finite element solution of contact problems. In this method, a stabilizing term is added to avoid the instability associated with overconstraining the non-penetration condition. Numerical examples are presented to show the influence of stabilization term. Furthermore, dependence of error on different parameters is investigated. In the second part, a disc brake is investigated by modeling the disc in an Eulerian framework which requires significantly lower computational time than the more common Lagrangian framework. Thermal stresses in the brake disc are simulated for a single braking operation as well as for repeated braking. The results predict the presence of residual tensile stresses in the circumferential direction which may cause initiation of radial cracks on the disc surface after a few braking cycles. It is also shown that convex bending of the pad is the major cause of the contact pressure concentration in middle of the pad which results in the appearance of a hot band on the disc surface. A multi-objective optimization study is also performed, where the mass of the back plate, the brake energy and the maximum temperature generated on the disc surface during hard braking are optimized. The results indicate that a brake pad with lowest possible stiffness will result in an optimized solution with regards to all three objectives. Finally, an overview of disc brakes and related phenomena is presented in a literature review. In the third part, a lower limb donned in a prosthetic socket is investigated. The contact problem is solved between the socket and the limb while taking friction into consideration to determine the contact pressure and resultant internal stress-strain in the soft tissues. Internal mechanical conditions and interface stresses for three different socket designs are compared. Skin, fat, fascia, muscles, large blood vessels and bones are represented separately, which is novel in this work.

Den här studien undersöker hur utsläppen av CO2 samt NOx skulle påverkas av att man tog en längre rutt runt ett Natura 2000 område mellan Gotska sandön och Fårö norr om Gotland i Östersjön. Detta för att undvika att köra i ett natura 2000 området och på så sett minska sjöfartens påverkan på djurlivet där. Med hjälp av AIS data har information tagits fram om hur många fartyg som använder rutten genom natura 2000 området. En sammanställning av vilka typer av fartyg samt dess maskineri har också tagits fram med hjälp av detta. Som ligger till grund för uträkningarna för CO2 samt NOx utsläppen. Studien visar på att CO2 utsläppen kan öka med upp till 4,72 ton genom att köra en längre rutt runt området, även NOx utsläppen ökar, med upp till 0,13ton.

„ What if Adaptive Personalization excelled Hardware Customization? “ Adaptive Vehicle Personalization Human mobility is about to create a generation of " Movers"  - a new breed of mobility users with global transportation  needs and a connection to multiple urban areas  already from a young age. Expectations towards mobility go towards adaptable and personalized solutions and technological advancements should enable a strategy in which one vehicle could adapt to multiple qualities. The final result is an adaptable urban mobility solution designed for global membership use in the year 2025. The intention of the project has been to holistically investigate how Vir tual Reality can influence the design process and result of interior and exterior. The goal has been to inspire and to show a believable way of how in the future adaptive personalization could excel hardware customization in order to suit the different and changing needs of various mobility service users.