No description available.

Insulating historic masonry buildings will improve thermal performance. However, heritage requirements often limit the addition of insulation to the interior surface. This can lead to colder and wetter walls. Freezing temperatures coupled with high moisture levels in the brick leave the walls susceptible to frost damage. Current retrofit designs attempt to control condensation of interior moisture. However, these designs do not consider exterior moisture sources, nor do they allow for interstitial moisture to be easily removed. This thesis presents an innovative, ventilated masonry retrofit that utilizes drainage and drying to address moisture accumulation issues. Computer simulations are used to assess and compare the hygrothermal performance of typical and ventilated masonry retrofits. The results show masonry moisture contents are reduced when ventilation drying is provided. Further, these simulations show it may be possible to increase thermal insulation levels in historic masonry buildings without damaging the very façade to be preserved.

The main objective of the study was to analyze the thermal comfort of a naturally ventilated building in Kampala – Uganda. CEDAT building in Makerere University was selected as the case study representing an educational center which is a naturally ventilated building. DesignBuilderEnergyPlus simulation program was used to model and perform simulations. Simulations for thermal comfort were done on the baseline model with a WWR of 30 % to attain the baseline model comfort data based on Simple ASHRAE 55-2004 throughout the year. Simulations for different natural ventilation improvement strategies were then done through parametric analysis. The strategies simulated for improving occupancy thermal comfort were lighting control, mechanical ventilation without cooling (fans), mechanical ventilation with cooling and variation of window to wall ratio from 0% to 100% to establish its effect on the thermal comfort of the building occupants.   Results for predicted thermal comfort sensation of occupants revealed that baseline thermal comfort sensation was between hot and slightly warm with 35.15% discomfort hours against 64.85% comfort throughout the year. Lighting control thermal comfort sensation improved to between hot and neutral with 0.55% improvement in baseline occupancy thermal comfort hours.  Mechanical ventilation without cooling registered a negligible improvement in occupancy thermal comfort while on application of scheduled cooling thermal comfort improved between slightly warm and slightly cool with a 12% improvement in comfort hours. Variation of WWR revealed that thermal comfort generally increased negligible with increase in WWR.    It can be concluded that mechanical ventilation with cooling combined with lighting control can be great strategies and opportunity for improving the case study thermal comfort.

Insulating historic masonry buildings will improve thermal performance. However, heritage requirements often limit the addition of insulation to the interior surface. This can lead to colder and wetter walls. Freezing temperatures coupled with high moisture levels in the brick leave the walls susceptible to frost damage. Current retrofit designs attempt to control condensation of interior moisture. However, these designs do not consider exterior moisture sources, nor do they allow for interstitial moisture to be easily removed. This thesis presents an innovative, ventilated masonry retrofit that utilizes drainage and drying to address moisture accumulation issues. Computer simulations are used to assess and compare the hygrothermal performance of typical and ventilated masonry retrofits. The results show masonry moisture contents are reduced when ventilation drying is provided. Further, these simulations show it may be possible to increase thermal insulation levels in historic masonry buildings without damaging the very façade to be preserved.

Many attempts have been made to design buildings that reduce the heat gain inside the building. In hot-humid region, architects deal with many forces of nature. These forces might be Rain, Humidity, and solar heat gain. Thermal mass was been used for centuries in hot-arid region as a way to limit the dry-bulb temperature swing inside the building. However, there are some architects who agree that thermal mass materials could be used in hot-humid climate. This thesis project suggests using ventilated envelope that incorporates thermal mass in the design of the ventilated envelope. The result of the experiment shows that using ventilated envelopes with thermal mass would allow the heat gained in the cladding and in the thermal mass to be released to the air cavity and therefore releasing the heat from the building to the exterior atmosphere. The ventilated facade could be improved by adding thermal insulation and by using reflective materials on the cladding.

No description available.

No description available.

Deconditioning occurs in critically ill patients as early as 4 days after entering the intensive care unit (ICU) resulting in a loss of up to 25% peripheral muscle tone and 18% body weight by the time the patient is discharged. Early mobility (EM) has been shown to reduce complications such as neuromuscular weakness, muscle wasting, pneumonia, and the effects of prolonged periods of time on the ventilator. No formal education on EM had been provided to nurses at the clinical site. The purpose of this project was to develop an educational program on EM to promote early ambulation of critically ill ICU patients. The theory of knowledge to action was used to guide the development of the educational program. The practice-focused question addressed whether an educational program would improve nurses' perceptions of their knowledge of EM and if they would promote the use of EM among ICU patients. After a literature review to identify evidence-based practices and a protocol on EM, an educational program was developed that included a 25-item Likert-style pretest and posttest to measure percent agreement with perceptions of knowledge gained and likelihood of behavior change related to the practice of EM. Participants included 60 ICU nurses. Results demonstrated improvement in perceptions of knowledge of EM (from 74% before education to 88% after) and in likelihood of behavior change related to EM (from 69% before education to 91% after). Findings may be used to integrate EM into the ICU setting to reduce complications such as neuromuscular weakness, muscle wasting, and pneumonia. Results may also include improved patient outcomes, reduced length of stay, and increased quality of life for patients and their families, and thereby promote positive social change.

The subject of this thesis is design of a new kindergarten for 36 children in the village Uhřice near Kyjov. The design is made in level of detailed design. The designed building is a partial basement, two-storey building of elongated shape. The facade of the building is designed as ventilated with wooden cladding, the northern part of the building is with contact thermal insulation system. The building has two single-layer flat roofs, one with a vegetation layer, the other with a PVC roofing with an attic. Entrance to object is from south side. On the first floor there are two separate departments for education of children with facilities and there is a technical-economic background in third part. On the second floor there are special classrooms that can be used by both the kindergarten and the adjacent elementary school, as well as the public. There is also a central office, a meeting room and a special speech therapy room. On the underground floor there are warehouses and technological facilities. Static scheme of the building consists is combined system of ceramic blocks and reinforced concrete columns with girders, in the basement is used reinforced concrete walls. The ceilings are designed from prestressed spiroll panels. Park landscaping was designed on the surrounding site. The purpose of the object is in the concept of preschool education. The concept is based on children acquiring the fundamentals of key qualities from outset and acquiring prerequisites for their lifelong learning.

Laikant bulves storame 5 – 6 m storio sluoksnyje, aruode sunku likviduoti susidariusius gedimo židinius. Židinio pašalinimui būtina suintensyvinti ventiliavimą, kad mumifikuoti gedimo židinyje esančius sugedusius gumbus. Tyrimų tikslas - ištirti ventiliuojamo oro paskirstymo dėsningumus bulvių sandėlio sampile ir eksperimentiniame oro paskirstymo stende. Nustatyti oro paskirstymą ventiliuojamame sampile, keičiant skirstomųjų ortakių skaičių, bei ištirti ventiliavimo suintensyvinimo galimybes susidarančias gedimo zonoje. Nustatyta, kad sumažinus atidarytų skirstomųjų ortakių skaičių, galima padvigubinti ventiliavimo intensyvumą likusiuose atidarytuose ortakiuose. Esant atidarytam vienam skirstomajam ortakiui, tiekiamas 8,34 /s oro srautas. Atidarius visus aštuonis ortakius, į kiekvieną ortakį tiekiama tik 3,9 /s oro. Šalia židinio esantys produkcijos sluoksniai bus ventiliuojami žymiai mažesniu ventiliavimo intensyvumu, kas sumažina produkcijos perventiliavimo galimybes likviduojant gedimo židinį sandėlio aruode. / Holding potatoes in a thick 5-6 m layer in the bin it is difficult to eliminate originated hot spots. To remove the source it is necessary to intensify ventilation in order to mummify defective tubers in corruption source. The aim of the research is to investigate the patterns of ventilated air distribution in potato store and distribution of air in an experimental bench. To determine air distribution in ventilated store by changing the number of distribution ducts, and to explore opportunities to intensify ventilation arising in corruption area. It was found that reducing the number of opened distribution ducts the intensity of the ventilation in the remaining opened ducts can be doubled. At the invitation of one ducts supplied 8.34 m3/s air flow. After opening all eight ducts, each duct to be supplied only 3.9 m3/s in air. The layers next to the source will be ventilated with much smaller intensity, which decreases possibility to over ventilate production while eliminating corruption source in the store bin.