This thesis describes the design and dimensioning of a device for air conditioning in kitchen and dispensing room in the administrative building according to the given parameters. The thesis begins with a calculation part that contains the determination of ventilation air, the calculation of heat losses and heat load of the object. In addition, here are psychrometrics calculations of air-conditioning device for summer and winter operation. The following is part of the design, which includes design of terminal components, design and sizing ductwork and the design and location of air-conditioning unit. The thesis includes a technical report, list of used materials and drawing documentation.

This study is set out to confirm the phenomenon commented on by Hassan Fathy (1986) that the temperature difference between courtyards has a role in the promotion of convective cooling through transitional spaces in a multiple-courtyards building in semi and regions. The transitional spaces situated between courtyards are identified with specific titles such as Takhtabüsh in the Egypt; and Tablinum in a Roman Domus. However, despite the historic significance of these spaces, most studies have mainly focused on the climatic performance of buildings with a single courtyard. Empirical and numerical study has not been conducted on the nature of this phenomenon. In order to confirm this conjecture, this thesis is set out to conduct fieldwork and theoretical investigation. This thesis is a single case study of the Casa de Pilatos in Seville, Spain. The case study is used to develop a methodology for analysis of multiple-courtyard phenomenon. Field measurement and mathematical models are used to determine the drivers for yard-to-yard airflows. The fieldwork uses data logging equipment to record dry bulb temperatures, relative humidity, and air velocity through the transitional spaces. The amount of cooling attributed to yard-to-yard flows and implication to cooling requirements in a contemporary environment are evaluated. Adaptive criteria of Nicol and Humphrey (2001)'and Brager and de Dear (2001) are used to predict the thermal comfort of subjects. The drivers are determined through analysis of buoyancy `stack' forces and local wind regime. The building mass introduces three hours delay with up to 2.5kW or 36W/m2 variation in heat balance in the transitional spaces by 15: 00h. The calculated volume flow rates through the transitional space are 5.3m3/s (equivalent to 5kW or 71 W/m2 in convective cooling) at 15: 00h. The DBT in the gardens are up to 11 k below the WBT. It is shown that multiple-courtyards phenomenon is a robust strategy accommodating a large variation in temperatures. The study confirms that temperature difference is the driver for convective flows through transitional spaces. This study presents an opportunity to investigate the applicability of this concept in the contemporary context. Findings of this study have direct application in the reduction of cooling energy in widely used courtyard concept in semi and regions.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 137 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-126).

Thesis (M.Eng.(Electrical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Summaries in Afrikaans and English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis supervisor: Andrew Kusiak. Includes bibliographic references (p. 112-119).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-173). Also available on the World Wide Web.

First, this research has attempted to identify the underlying reasons for high Chinese family cooking energy consumption. Second, this research has tried to identify ways of reducing Chinese kitchen cooking fume pollution. The literature review indicated that, although cooking energy takes one of the largest proportions of residential building energy consumption, previous studies in this area have not been enough. The published knowledge found indicates that urban residential buildings takes 1/4 of the national building energy consumption (excluding heating). This portion has grown continuously since 2001 in terms of energy consumption intensity (kgce/m2). Among household energy (excluding heating), cooking, home appliances and lighting are the three largest energy end users. Although the increase in cooking energy is low, partially attributed to wide adaptation to gas cooking fuel instead of coal fuel in China, it still takes the largest household energy consumption: 31% in 2011. Many research papers report different results based on field measurements of household energy end users, some of which show conflicting results. However, the literature review has confirmed that in China cooking energy consumes the second-largest amount of household energy after space heating. The literature review also pointed out that, although compared with Western counterparts, Chinese residential buildings consume less national energy, cooking takes a large percentage of household energy. A further literature review showed little valuable information underpinning the reasons for high cooking energy use in Chinese households. Some overseas research papers give hints regarding cooking energy and cooking techniques, cookware, and occupant behaviour. However, the difference in food culture traditions has led to a greater difference between Western and Chinese cooking techniques. Compared with Western countries, Chinese hot dishes require a greater number of cooking techniques. In order to find out more details of cooking energy and fume generation in real Chinese home kitchen conditions, the author used a series of research methodologies to measure and test home energy and cooking fume concentration. The results reconfirm that cooking energy is the second-largest home energy end user after space heating, along with other findings. These other findings include: • The four largest energy end users in northern Chinese households are space heating, cooking, hot water and entertainment. • Hot water, lighting and entertainment energy consumption have clear seasonal characteristics i.e., daily consumption is low in summer and high in winter. This is because of the colder weather in winter (demanding more energy to heat water) and longer nights in winter (with a longer indoor entertainment time and a greater requirement for lighting in the evening). • Daily cooking energy consumption in a given family is almost fixed, although the difference between different families is large. This could lead to further study on the underlying reasons for the difference between families. The most important finding in the research is the discovery of the relationship between home cooking energy and family life cycle. A strong relation was observed between these two factors. This was confirmed by the measurement of the test families as well as the survey of 70 random selected families. The relation is, therefore, denoted as the CookEUI (cooking energy use intensity) of the different family life cycles. Following the data analysis and survey, it was also found that the cooking energy for a certain family life cycle was constant, i.e., locked in an FLC stage until the stage changed. Finally, a database was built into the IES energy simulation using figures found in the research. This represents significant progress in home energy study. Before discovering cooking EUI, cooking energy in most pieces of energy simulation software was treated as a process load with a constant figure. A literature review of a large number of research papers concluded that cooking fumes have an adverse impact on people’s health. In China, a typical housewife spends about 4 hours in the kitchen every day, preparing and cooking meals. A comfortable and healthy cooking environment is critical for cooks’ health. It was also found that COF emissions in Western and Chinese kitchens differed largely in mass concentration. Cooking method, cooking oil and cooking temperature all contribute to the difference. Many other researchers have investigated the details of hood systems and their construction features in order to understand their efficiency in removing cooking fumes. However, most of the research has been based on commercial kitchen application. There is very little research on home kitchen hood efficiency. Research also points out that natural ventilation in the kitchen space has a certain amount of influence on the capture efficiency of an exhaust system. For example, opening the door is more efficient than opening a window. In this research, the measurements of kitchen PM2.5 and PM10 were carried out in real home kitchen cooking conditions. The relation between PM2.5 and PM10 emissions and different Chinese cooking methods was measured. It was found that deep frying and stir frying discharged the most PM2.5, while boiling emitted the least. A typical PM2.5 discharging pattern in Chinese cooking was observed. The pattern showed a sharp increase in PM2.5 concentration in the beginning at breath level with a drop afterwards because of the using up of cooking oil or the rising of water steam to a higher level. A small sub-surge was observed after the first selection because the downward flow of cold air brought high-level PM2.5 down to breath level. A very interesting finding observed when using tracer gas to measure kitchen cooking hood efficiency was the large difference between the airflow rate listed on the kitchen fume hood nameplate and the airflow rate measured in real kitchen conditions. On the nameplate of the cooking hood, airflow was rated as 800 m3/h at medium speed, while in the tracer gas testing the flow rate was a maximum of 175 m3/h when all the kitchen windows and the door were open. This finding reinforces the experiment conclusion by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the seven representative devices they tested, whereby, according to Chen (2012), the capture efficiency varied from less than 15% to more than 98%. Identifying the airborne moving characteristics of PM2.5 can be used to help redesign ventilation systems for Chinese home kitchens. The traditional way of enhancing cooking fume removal efficiency is to increase the fan discharge pressure head. This leads to increased energy consumption. It also has less effect on removing PM2.5 particles, since, unlike PM10, PM2.5 is affected by airflow rate more significantly than air velocity. The proposed new ventilation system is intended to treat PM2.5 and PM10 separately. PM10 will be removed by the filter in recirculation devices and PM2.5 will be exhausted by a direct venting fan with replacement air. In this way, less energy is used and the system is more efficient at removing kitchen PM2.5.

Concerns over sustainability in the built environment have resulted in continuous efforts to improve the performance of window system or glazed façade and hence indoor comfort and building energy conservation. An innovative façade system where parallel transparent/translucent plastic slats are sandwiched between glass panes to form a Parallel Slat Transparent Insulation Material (PS-TIM) is proposed as a strategy to effectively reduce heat transfer between the panes of a double glazed window, while maintaining access to daylight. A holistic investigation of the window system with PS- TIMs is conducted in terms of thermal and optical properties, as well as detailed daylight and energy performance predictions of applying PS-TIMs in buildings. Firstly, an experimental investigation is undertaken in a large climate chamber, and the measurement results were used to validate a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Secondly, the validated 2D CFD model is used to solve the dynamic thermal properties of different configurations of PS-TIMs under various environmental conditions. The optical properties (i.e. Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF)) of PS-TIMs are obtained via a ray-tracing technique based on the structures’ geometries and the material optical characteristics of the interstitial structure. The detailed annual daylight performance in different climates and building orientations are predicted using RADIANCE. Finally, the optical and thermal properties obtained from the previous fundamental models are applied in EnergyPlus to predict the energy performance (i.e. heating, cooling and lighting energy consumption) of applying PS-TIMs in buildings in different climates. The investigation results provide a better understanding of the benefits of PS-TIM in terms of energy saving and daylight comfort improvement, as well as offer some tentative suggestions as to how architects and engineers might apply PS-TIM to window system or glazed façade.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to design and suggest dimensions of air conditioners for ballroom and ventilation of cafeteria, cloakrooms and sanitary rooms. Sub-goals are next heat-load calculation of air-conditioned space, psychrometric calculations for summer and winter environment conditions, design of air distribution, machinery room of air conditioning, to design and suggest dimensions of air distribution system, specification of materials and design of necessary technical drawings.

In this study, energy conservation potential of appropriate passive cooling and basic heat avoidance strategies were investigated for hot and humid climates. Within this framework, thermal behavior of a case study building that is situated in Cyprus was assessed by collecting temperature and relative humidity data from various rooms of the building during certain days in August. Then, by using feasible simulation strategies of the software tool Summer-Building, the effectiveness of passive cooling measures in reducing energy consumption were examined, for summer months. In this context, the case study building was re-evaluated by applying natural ventilation, night ventilation and ground cooling strategies as well as solar control and shading devices as overhangs and side fins. Consequently, based on the results of the evaluation model, it was found that the proposed passive cooling strategies and basic heat avoidance concepts could provide more than 50 % energy conservation, relative to the completely air conditioned reference building, between 1-15 August 2007.