L'étude de fonctions cognitives telles que le langage, la conscience et a fortiori leurs relations, constitue un défi aux confins de la médecine et des neurosciences cognitives. Le traitement sémantique procure à nos expériences perceptuelles un niveau de représentation abstrait, permettant une variété de fonctions conceptuelles. Dans ce travail, nous avons voulu explorer les relations entre le traitement sémantique verbal et la conscience en adoptant une double approche : d'une part en étudiant des sujets sains en condition de perception consciente et inconsciente (en utilisant une technique de masquage visuel), et d'autre part en étudiant des patients présentant un trouble de la conscience. Au travers de ce travail, nous apportons des arguments en faveur de l'existence de représentations sémantiques verbales inconscientes. Nous proposons également que les deux signatures cérébrales observées en potentiels évoqués (N400 puis LPC/P600) puissent s'intégrer dans un modèle à deux temps : premier temps inconscient (correspondant à la N400), puis second temps conscient (correspondant à la LPC/P600). En explorant les différences entre traitement conscient et non conscient, nous montrons que le traitement sémantique non conscient est sensible aux influences descendantes conscientes, ce qui réfute une conception strictement automatique de la cognition inconsciente. Nos résultats apportent également un nouveau regard sur les mécanismes de résolution d'ambiguïté sémantique. L'exploration des capacités cognitives telles que le traitement sémantique verbal, chez des patients présentant un trouble de la conscience, devrait permettre des avancées notables dans leur prise en charge. / The study of cognitive functions so complex such as language and consciousness, and of their interactions, is a challenge at the boundaries between medicine (intensive care, anesthesia, neurology) and cognitive neuroscience. Semantic processing provides our perceptual experiences with a level of abstraction allowing a variety of conceptual functions such as object recognition, social cognition, or language. In this thesis, we explored the relationships between verbal semantic processing and consciousness using a double approach: first, by studying healthy subjects in conscious and unconscious condition (using visual masking), and secondly by studying patients with disorders of consciousness. Through this work we provided empirical evidence of unconscious semantic representations. We then proposed that the two main brain signatures of semantic processing observed in ERPs (N400 and LPC / P600) could be integrated in a two stages model: a first unconscious stage (corresponding to the N400), followed or not by a second stage of processing corresponding to conscious semantics (LPC / P600). Exploring the differences between conscious and nonconscious processing, we showed that nonconscious semantic processing is sensitive to conscious top-down influences. These results refute a strictly automatic conception of unconscious cognition. Our results also shed new light on the respective roles of the two hemispheres in the resolution of semantic ambiguity. The exploration of high-level cognitive abilities, - such a verbal semantic processing - in patients affected with disorder of consciousness should enable significant advancements in their medical management.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 simone_tomazetto.pdf: 1983509 bytes, checksum: e410c845c89b8a62db3da2e96364d3f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-12 / This paper aims to present considerations that may contribute to the shape linguistic and semantic function as discursive situation of interjections and phrases interjetivas, from the theoretical assumptions with main focus on studies Gonçalves (2002), Bakhtin (2000, 2002a, 2002b), Bakhtin / Voloshinov (2004) and Marcuschi (2007). The intention of this paper is to reflect and discuss the considerations of the use of interjections and phrases interjetivas acts as expressive, natural conversation, expressing your feelings through words and body language, featuring different senses of semantic and discursive. For data analysis, this research sought supports the theories of speech acts, based on theoretical and Austin (1962) and Searle (1981), in conversation analysis with theoretical support in Marcuschi (1991) and Dionysus (2011), and in the language of visual imagery, verbal and non-verbal of comic strips with methodological studies of Gumperz (1998) and Ramos (2010). The corpus chosen for this research consists in comic strips, selected the Folha de São Paulo in 1970 and 1990, in textbooks and electronic sites. This is a survey of the basic nature of the qualitative type that you want to analyze the form and function of interjections and phrases within interjetivas comic strips, observing the discursive and semantic factors. The analysis results show that, as of interjections and phrases can be interjetivas list the basic emotions of expressive acts and explain its flexibility from factors of pragmatic, and expressive acts that are not in the service of transmitting a information, but the service of a manifestation of an emotional state, observed in speech acts and conversation between characters when it materializes the image visual communication, verbal and nonverbal. Thus, it is expected that this research will bring a contribution for teachers of English, which can be used as a source of research, contributing to the construction of knowledge of teachers and students in the context of the classroom as a way of meaningful learning. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar considerações que podem contribuir com relação à forma linguística e à função semântica enquanto situação discursiva das interjeições e locuções interjetivas, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos com enfoque principal nos estudos de Gonçalves (2002); Bakhtin (2000, 2002a, 2002b), Bakhtin/Voloshinov (2004) e Marcuschi (2007). A intenção deste trabalho é refletir e discutir sobre as considerações do uso das interjeições e locuções interjetivas como atos expressivos, conversação natural, demonstrando seus sentimentos por meio de palavras e expressões corporais, caracterizando diferentes sentidos de ordem semântica e discursiva. Para análise dos dados, esta investigação buscou suportes nas teorias dos atos de fala, com base em teóricos como Austin (1962) e Searle (1981); na análise da conversação com suporte teórico em Marcuschi (1991) e Dionísio (2011); e na linguagem da imagem visual, verbal e não verbal das tiras em quadrinhos com os estudos metodológicos de Gumperz (1998) e Ramos (2010). O corpus escolhido para essa pesquisa é constituído nas tiras em quadrinhos, selecionadas do Jornal Folha de São Paulo dos anos de 1970 e 1990, em livros didáticos e em sites eletrônicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza básica do tipo qualitativa que pretende analisar a forma e a função das interjeições e das locuções interjetivas dentro das tiras em quadrinhos, observando os fatores semânticos e discursivos. Os resultados da análise demonstram que, a partir das interjeições e locuções interjetivas podem-se elencar as emoções básicas dos atos expressivos e explicar sua flexibilidade a partir de fatores de ordem pragmáticos, e que os atos expressivos, não estão a serviço da transmissão de uma informação, e sim a serviço de uma exteriorização de um estado emocional, observados nos atos de fala e na conversação entre os personagens quando se materializa a comunicação de imagem visual, verbal e não verbal. Dessa forma, espera-se que esta pesquisa traga uma contribuição para professores de língua portuguesa, que poderá ser utilizada como fonte de pesquisa, contribuindo para a construção do conhecimento dos docentes e dos discentes no contexto da sala de aula como uma forma de aprendizagem significativa.