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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Mechanical Behavior of Soil-Bentonite Cutoff Walls

Baxter, Diane Yamane 25 April 2000 (has links)
A soil-bentonite cutoff wall is a type of subsurface vertical barrier constructed by back-filling a trench with a mixture of soil, bentonite, and water. Although soil-bentonite cutoff walls are common, their mechanical behavior is not well understood. Current design procedures do not consider the final stress state of the consolidated soil-bentonite backfill or deformations in adjacent ground. The final stress state in the completed wall is important because it influences the hydraulic conductivity of the cutoff (Barrier 1995), the cutoff's susceptibility to hydraulic fracture, and the magnitude of deformations adjacent to the cutoff wall. Deformations adjacent to the cutoff wall can be significant and can cause damage to adjacent structures. The objectives of this research are to 1) add to the current body of knowledge of the properties of soil-bentonite mixtures, 2) evaluate constitutive models and select a model to represent soil-bentonite, 3) model a soil-bentonite cutoff wall using finite elements, and 4) investigate the influence of several factors on the deformations in adjacent ground. These objectives were met by first summarizing information from the literature on soil-bentonite properties and then performing a laboratory testing program on different soil-bentonite mixtures. Five constitutive models were evaluated to determine how well they match the data from the laboratory testing program. A model referred to as the RS model was chosen to best represent soil-bentonite, and provided a good match of the soil-bentonite behavior. The RS model, which is a special case of a more complicated existing model, is a non-associative Modified Cam Clay type model that has parameters to change the yield surface and plastic potential surface into ellipses of varying shapes. The RS model was implemented into the finite element program SAGE. A finite element model was developed using SAGE to simulate all stages of construction of a soil-bentonite cutoff wall including excavation of a trench under bentonite-water slurry, replacement of the bentonite-water slurry with soil-bentonite backfill, and consolidation of the soil-bentonite backfill. The model was calibrated with a well-documented case history, and predicted deformations in adjacent ground were close to measured deformations. Evaluation of the model indicates that there is good confidence in the prediction of deformations in adjacent ground, but there is lower confidence in the predicted stresses in the consolidated soil-bentonite and settlement of the backfill in the trench. A parametric study was then performed using the finite element model assuming sand sites of varying density and OCR. Deformations in adjacent ground were calculated for various soil conditions, soil-bentonite properties, and trench configurations. A correlation was found between maximum calculated settlement in adjacent ground and factor of safety against trench / Ph. D.
2

Estudo teórico e experimental em escala reduzida de uma barreira vertical de alta permeabilidade para encapsulamento de áreas contaminadas em aquíferos / Theoretical and small-scale experimental study of a high permeability vertical barrier to encapsulate contaminated areas in aquifers

Ana Claudia Emerenciano Guedes 23 May 2018 (has links)
A preocupação com a contaminação das águas subterrâneas está relacionada principalmente aos aquíferos não confinados, especialmente nos casos em que o nível freático é raso. Para evitar o escoamento subterrâneo lateral através de aterros de resíduos sólidos, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar – teoricamente e experimentalmente – uma técnica alternativa de encapsulamento, que consiste em uma barreira vertical de alta permeabilidade. Foi desenvolvida uma solução analítica para modelar o escoamento em uma barreira vertical cilíndrica instalada no entorno de um aterro localizado abaixo do nível d\'água, em um campo de fluxo uniforme, onde cada domínio (aquífero, barreira e área encapsulada) possui uma condutividade hidráulica diferente. Os resultados do estudo teórico mostram que nos casos em que o maciço de resíduos possui condutividade hidráulica maior do que o aquífero, a barreira de alta permeabilidade é a solução mais eficaz. Já nos problemas em que o aterro possui condutividade hidráulica menor do que o aquífero, a técnica mais indicada é a barreira de baixa permeabilidade. A partir do experimento em escala reduzida, conclui-se que a barreira de alta permeabilidade é uma técnica de encapsulamento eficiente para impedir o transporte advectivo através de determinada região. Segundo os resultados, a velocidade média do fluido na área encapsulada é consideravelmente menor do que a velocidade média no aquífero. Comparando com a barreira de baixa permeabilidade, a vantagem da barreira de alta permeabilidade é que o seu preenchimento é muito menos sensível às falhas, resultando em um melhor desempenho em longo prazo. / The concern about groundwater contamination is mainly related to unconfined aquifers, especially in the cases where the water table is shallow. Therefore, in order to prevent the groundwater lateral flow through landfills, this research evaluates – theoretically and experimentally – an alternative encapsulation technique, which consists in a vertical barrier of high permeability. An analytical solution was developed to model the flow for a cylindrical barrier installed around a landfill located below the groundwater table, in a field of uniform flow, where each domain (aquifer, barrier and encapsulated area) has a different hydraulic conductivity. The results from the theoretical study show that in situations where the landfill has a hydraulic conductivity higher than the aquifer, the high permeability barrier is more efficient. In contrast, in the cases where the landfill has a hydraulic conductivity lower than the aquifer, the lw permeability barrier is a more suitable technique. From the small-scale experiment, it is possible to conclude that the permeable barrier is an efficient encapsulation technique to prevent the advective transport through a certain region. According to the results, the fluid mean velocity at the encapsulated area is considerably lower than the aquifer mean velocity. Comparing to the low permeability barrier, the advantage of the high permeability barrier is that its backfill material is less sensitive to defects, resulting in a better long-term performance.
3

Estudo teórico e experimental em escala reduzida de uma barreira vertical de alta permeabilidade para encapsulamento de áreas contaminadas em aquíferos / Theoretical and small-scale experimental study of a high permeability vertical barrier to encapsulate contaminated areas in aquifers

Guedes, Ana Claudia Emerenciano 23 May 2018 (has links)
A preocupação com a contaminação das águas subterrâneas está relacionada principalmente aos aquíferos não confinados, especialmente nos casos em que o nível freático é raso. Para evitar o escoamento subterrâneo lateral através de aterros de resíduos sólidos, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar – teoricamente e experimentalmente – uma técnica alternativa de encapsulamento, que consiste em uma barreira vertical de alta permeabilidade. Foi desenvolvida uma solução analítica para modelar o escoamento em uma barreira vertical cilíndrica instalada no entorno de um aterro localizado abaixo do nível d\'água, em um campo de fluxo uniforme, onde cada domínio (aquífero, barreira e área encapsulada) possui uma condutividade hidráulica diferente. Os resultados do estudo teórico mostram que nos casos em que o maciço de resíduos possui condutividade hidráulica maior do que o aquífero, a barreira de alta permeabilidade é a solução mais eficaz. Já nos problemas em que o aterro possui condutividade hidráulica menor do que o aquífero, a técnica mais indicada é a barreira de baixa permeabilidade. A partir do experimento em escala reduzida, conclui-se que a barreira de alta permeabilidade é uma técnica de encapsulamento eficiente para impedir o transporte advectivo através de determinada região. Segundo os resultados, a velocidade média do fluido na área encapsulada é consideravelmente menor do que a velocidade média no aquífero. Comparando com a barreira de baixa permeabilidade, a vantagem da barreira de alta permeabilidade é que o seu preenchimento é muito menos sensível às falhas, resultando em um melhor desempenho em longo prazo. / The concern about groundwater contamination is mainly related to unconfined aquifers, especially in the cases where the water table is shallow. Therefore, in order to prevent the groundwater lateral flow through landfills, this research evaluates – theoretically and experimentally – an alternative encapsulation technique, which consists in a vertical barrier of high permeability. An analytical solution was developed to model the flow for a cylindrical barrier installed around a landfill located below the groundwater table, in a field of uniform flow, where each domain (aquifer, barrier and encapsulated area) has a different hydraulic conductivity. The results from the theoretical study show that in situations where the landfill has a hydraulic conductivity higher than the aquifer, the high permeability barrier is more efficient. In contrast, in the cases where the landfill has a hydraulic conductivity lower than the aquifer, the lw permeability barrier is a more suitable technique. From the small-scale experiment, it is possible to conclude that the permeable barrier is an efficient encapsulation technique to prevent the advective transport through a certain region. According to the results, the fluid mean velocity at the encapsulated area is considerably lower than the aquifer mean velocity. Comparing to the low permeability barrier, the advantage of the high permeability barrier is that its backfill material is less sensitive to defects, resulting in a better long-term performance.

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