M.A. / Hijacking has become so prevalent that the South African Police Service created a separate division to attend to these priority crimes, The Crime Information Analysis Centre. This division coordinates statistics and information and analyse factors leading to crime in order to plan a strategy to prevent it. The reasons for the multiplication of hijacking can be found in economic benefits, urbanization, dehumanization, inefficiency of law enforcement, the role of syndicates, security mechanisms in cars, and the ready availability of weapons. Few subjects are as relevant as trauma counseling, with few South Africans who have not experienced at some stage a crisis, shock or trauma due to crime, violent deaths, hijackings, rape, molesting and abuse, murder of farmers, and HIV and Aids. Trauma counseling is the professional treatment of a person experiencing problems, through constructive growth in faith and renewal, based on the atonement with God through Christ. It is important that the Bible be utilised in Christian counseling as the Spirit of God speaks through it. The counselor can help the traumatized patient by giving them the 12 opportunity to communicate their pain, anguish, fright, terror and anger in an honest way to God. Healing occurs when the traumatized find a (new) reason to live, through faith in the goodness of God. The counselor does not teach positive thinking but rather the truth of the Word of God instead of wrong thought processes and perceptions. In the end the client is taught to find meaning in their lives in the midst of tragic events and crises. With the help of God they are enabled top look back at what happened in the trauma and to realize that it makes sense. Even though Christians do not always understand God’s meaning with what He allows in their lives, they learn to trust Him. When they learn to look at their lives through God’s eyes, they realize the limitations of their own vision. Even pain has a purpose and can be the cause of growth and a sharper focus. It reminds us of the need to trust in God so that hijacking is not the end of life but the beginning of a new life.

Magister Legum - LLM / Human trafficking has emerged over the past three decades as an issue of considerable concern for the international community, and governments around the world have committed themselves to enacting legislation to combat the trade in humans. This has resulted in the adoption of international standards and important obligations of governments, to address the trafficking in persons (TIP) and in particular child trafficking which appears as a worldwide form of modern-day slavery, and a facet of transnational organized crime. This study investigated the potential causes of this state of affairs, which could be the inadequacy of legal texts and absence of implementation mechanisms, lack of co-ordination amongst the actors implicated, the insufficiency of political will to respond to the problem, the permeability of borders, or the lack of information in the accounts of victims and their parents. The principle objective aimed to address and ensure safety, special protection and security to child victims of trafficking. In so doing this study identified the existing legal framework in the international and regional environment. / South Africa

Please read the abstract (summary p ix) in the secrion 00front of this document / Dissertation (MA (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Criminology / MA / unrestricted

A research report component contributes 25% towards fulfilment of the Degree in Masters of Commerce (Economics (CCA01)) School of Economic and Business Sciences University of Witwatersrand, 2018 / The present study adds to the rather limited literature on crime and subjective well-being in South Africa by analysing data from the Gauteng Province for the years 2011 and 2015. Using various measures of life satisfaction, this study seeks to answer the following research questions for the Gauteng Province: ‘Does crime have an impact on life satisfaction?’ and ‘How has the relationship between crime and life satisfaction evolved between 2011 and 2015?’ To answer these questions the study estimates an ordered probit model utilizing data from two sources, namely the Quality of Life Survey (QoL survey) conducted by the Gauteng City Region Observatory (GCRO) and the Institute of Security Studies (ISS) Crime Hub. The estimates are based on four subjective well-being measures (i.e., satisfaction with one’s life as a whole, satisfaction with one’s neighbourhood of residence, satisfaction with one’s standards of living, and satisfaction with the safety/security provided by the government in the neighbourhood of residence) which were regressed against five crime-related measures (i.e., crime rate, being a victim of crime, day, night and safety perceptions at home). The key findings of this study are that crime has a negative effect on subjective well-being. Strong effects were identified for crime victimization on all subjective well-being measures while weak and statistically insignificant effects were identified when a broader measure of crime was used i.e., the crime rate in the neighbourhood of residence. The study also uncovers the importance of perceived safety during the day, night and at home in determining the well-being of Gauteng residents. As feelings of safety deteriorate (i.e., move from fairly safe to very unsafe) subjective well-being tends to reduce as well. This result is generally consistent across all measures of well-being used for both 2011 and 2015. Notably, while the crime rate and percentage of crime victimization has registered some declines the results of this study indicate that crime still plays a very important role in shaping people’s subjective well-being in the Gauteng province. / TL2019

Thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1998 / The study was directed at exploring the social and personal construction of meaning of male victims of violent crime. Three inter-related goals were identified: the extension of the nascent narrative/thematic tradition of analysis in the traumatic stress field; the deepening of appreciation of the experience of criminal victimization; and the exploration o f the role of social construction in the cognitive schematic adjustment of victims. In this instance the examination of the role of social construction was focussed centrally on the juxtaposition of the subject roles associated with masculinity and victimization. On the basis of both clinical observation and theory, it was postulated that aspects of masculine identification would create difficulties for men attempting to adjust to involuntary exposure to a context in which they were clearly victimized. The thesis provides comprehensive coverage of theory straddling cognitive adjustment to psychological trauma, mainstream and critical social psychological theory on victimization, developmental and descriptive dimensions of theory on masculinity and a range of literature on criminal victimization. The theoretical conceptualization underpinning the study offers a unique integration of this body of knowledge. In order to investigate the research question, ten adult, white, English speaking,South African men who had experienced a life-threatening, criminally motivated attack were interviewed about the event and their subsequent responses. The study was located within the qualitative research tradition allowing for the development of theory, and fox depth of description and interpretation. Semi-structured interviews were recorded and tnmscribdl w batim . Interview transcripts were subjected to a thematic content analysis by means of a computer-aided text interpretation. Frequency figures were calculated, but the emphasis of the analysis was in the area of descriptive and interpretive dimensions. Three central themes emerged as signi fi cant; those of Control, Disillusionment and Anger. Multiple facets of each theme are addressed, including centrally the interface between thematic dimensions and the social construction of masculinity. A meta-theoretical discourse analytic commentary is provided, addressing for example, the rob of the “hero” discourse in interviewee’s reports. In addition, the clinical implications of the data are explored. The study provides evidence of the inter-relationship between social and personal construction o f meaning in the aftermath of tramatization. It is suggested that in the context of victimization the social construction of masculinity is both more intractable and more permeable than might be supposed.

No description available.

No description available.

Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed February 24, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-192).

published_or_final_version / Criminology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

This research study aimed to explore the impact on individuals of becoming physically disabled through being victims of crimes of violence. The study begins with a literature review related to issues of disability and to victims of crime. The main focus of the research, however, was to gather information regarding the experiences and needs of persons disabled through being victims of crime and to establish the rehabilitation and trauma counselling services that they have had access to. An exploratory, descriptive, research design guided the study. A purposive sampling procedure was used to identify twenty persons known to the Durban branch of the Association for the Physically Challenged, which provides services to physically disabled persons. Individual, face-to-face interviews were held with the respondents, using a semi-structured interview schedule. Interviewer observations were also undertaken in the process. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in analysing the results, from which conclusions and recommendations were drawn. The study findings indicate that the majority of persons had become severely disabled through being victims of crimes of violence. The majority of respondents were young when they became disabled, and were mostly single persons who experienced a high degree of dependence on others for various types of assistance, particularly their families and friends. The respondents also experienced a variety of unmet needs as both disabled persons and as victims of crimes of violence, through a lack of and/or inaccessibility to services. Disability, as seen within the context of the "social model", emphasises the role of a disabling environment in contributing to the meaning of disability. Resulting from the findings, it is proposed that social workers are ideally placed to foster empowerment initiatives of disabled persons and victims of crime through facilitating their active involvement in directing services that are both accessible and relevant to their needs. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.