A utilização de compósitos com matrizes termoplásticas na indústria aeronáutica aparece com forte tendência de utilização na construção de aeronaves, dado o seu potencial de produção a baixo custo, a sua possibilidade de reciclagem e a facilidade na execução de reparos. Dentre os polímeros termoplásticos utilizados em compósitos, o PEEK (poli(éter-éter-cetona)) tem atraído considerável interesse como um polímero avançado de engenharia, devido ao seu desempenho mecânico, que reforçado com fibras de carbono apresenta características de resistência mecânica desejáveis para serem utilizadas em estruturas de alto desempenho. Entretanto, os compósitos poliméricos podem apresentar mecanismos de degradação quando expostos a ambientes agressivos como a elevada temperatura e umidade e também, a radiação ultravioleta. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a influência do condicionamento higrotérmico e da radiação ultravioleta na propriedade mecânica de resistência ao cisalhamento interlaminar (ILSS) e no comportamento viscoelástico (DMTA) do compósito termoplástico de PEEK/fibra de carbono, assim como, avaliar a influência dos parâmetros de processamento na obtenção do compósito via moldagem por compressão a quente. Os resultados mostram que no processamento, a utilização constante de pressão durante a etapa de resfriamento do compósito é fundamental para a sua consolidação, refletindo no ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento interlaminar (18,4 MPa). As análises viscoelásticas das amostras submetidas aos condicionamentos ambientais (higrotérmico e ultravioleta) mostram que o condicionamento que mais afetou o compósito foi o higrotérmico. As análises demonstraram que a temperatura de transição vítrea das amostras ensaiadas por condicionamento higrotérmico (Tg=115 C) foi muito afetada, comparativamente as amostras não condicionadas (Tg=147 C), indicando o efeito deletério do condicionamento higrotérmico nas amostras. / The use of thermoplastic matrix composites in the aerospace industry comes up with a strong tendency to use in airplane applications, because of potential low cost production, recyclability and making repairs facilities. Among the thermoplastic polymers used in composites, PEEK (poly(ether ether ketone)) has attracted considerable interest as an advanced engineering polymer due to its mechanical performance which reinforced with carbon fibers, provides mechanical strength characteristics desirable for use in high performance structures. However, polymeric composites can present degradation mechanisms when exposed to aggressive atmosphere such as high temperature and moisture, also ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This way, the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of hygrothermal conditioning and ultraviolet radiation on the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) mechanical property and the viscoelastic behavior (DMTA) of the PEEK/carbon fiber thermoplastic composite, and also to evaluate the processing parameters influence to make the composite via hot compression molding. The results show in this method that, the use of constant pressure is critical to its consolidation during the composite cooling step, reflecting the shear strength testing (18.4 MPa). The samples viscoelastic analysis subjected to the environmental conditioning (hygrothermal and UV) show that the hygrothermal conditioning the most affected the composite. Analysis showed that the samples glass transition temperature tested by hygrothermal conditioning (Tg=115 C) was very affected compared to non-conditioned samples (Tg=147 C), indicating the hygrothermal conditioning deleterious effect on the samples.

La catalyse de polycondensation des silicones, et notamment des élastomères vulcanisables à froid bicomposants, constitue un enjeu scientifique, environnemental et économique. Le dilaurate de dibutyl étain (DLDBE), classé CMR2, très largement utilisé dans l'industrie du silicone sera prochainement interdit par la nouvelle réglementation REACH. L'objectif de cette étude est donc d'étudier de nouveaux systèmes catalytiques des réactions de polycondensation. L'effet des différents constituants de la formulation (masse molaire du PDMS réactif, concentration en réticulant, concentration en catalyseur) sur la cinétique de réticulation et sur les propriétés finales a été étudié par combinaison des techniques de rhéologie, RMN et taux de gonflement. Principalement, ce travail consiste en l'étude approfondie de deux catalyseurs : une guanidine et un complexe de zinc et les résultats montrent que la construction des réseaux est plus ou moins différente selon la catalyse. En effet, un dérivé de l'étain conduit à une construction en deux étapes d'hydrolyse et de condensation, dont l'hydrolyse est d'abord favorisée. En comparaison, les complexes de zinc tendent à se comporter d'une façon très similaire, bien que l'hydrolyse des alcoxysilanes soit plus importante. Au contraire, une catalyse basique favorise très largement la condensation par rapport à l'hydrolyse. La guanidine réagit très rapidement avec les fonctions silanols. Ensuite, l'hydrolyse des alcoxysilanes se produisant dans une moindre proportion, le réseau tridimensionnel se construit. Ces travaux ont donc montré que le complexe de zinc étudié est un bon remplaçant du DLDBE / Silicones condensation catalysis, and more especially room temperature vulcanizable compounds, is a very important scientific, environmental and economic issue. The catalysis species, derivated from tin dilaurate, which are now classified as a CMR2 compound (toxic for reproduction), have been widely used in the silicone industry. The new REACH regulation is going to forbid its use very soon. This study aims to work on new catalytic systems. The influence of the components of the formulation on the kinetics and mechanical properties has been study by different methods: rheology, NMR and swelling measurements. More precisely, this work focuses on two catalysts: one guanidine and zinc complexes. Results have shown that the network construction depends on the catalysis. In fact, while using a tin compound, the construction occurs in two steps, in which hydrolysis is the most important. As a comparison, zinc complexes present the same behaviour as tin compounds even though the hydrolysis step is much more important. On the contrary, it’s known that basic catalysis enhances the condensation step. Then, the guanidine quickly reacts with the silanol functions. Then, in a second step, the alkoxysilanes hydrolysis occurs in a smaller proportion. The tridimensional network is getting built. This work mainly showed that zinc complexes can easily replace tin compounds