This dissertation proposes a modi ed internal state variable (ISV) inelastic damage model that was motivated by experimental structure{property relations of thermoplastics. In particular, a new damage model was developed for glassy, amorphous thermoplastics. ISV evolution equations are de ned through thermodynamics, kinematics, and kinetics for isotropic damage arising from two di erent inclusion types: pores and particles. The damage arising from the particles and crazes is accounted for by three processes: damage nucleation, growth, and coalescence. Damage nucleation is de ned as the number density of voids/crazes. The associated ISV rate equation is a function of stress state, molecular weight, fracture toughness, particle size, particle volume fraction, temperature, and strain rate. The damage growth is based upon a single void growing and its growth is de ned by an ISV rate equation that is a function of stress state, strain rate sensitivity, and strain rate. The coalescence ISV equation enables interaction between voids and crazes and is a function of the nearest neighbor distance between voids/crazes, size of voids/crazes, temperature, and strain rate. The damage arising from pre-existing voids employs the Cocks{Ashby void growth rule. The total void volume fraction is a summation of the damage arising from particles, pores, and crazes. Micromechanical modeling results for a single void compare well to experimental ndings garnered from the literature. This formulation is then implemented into a nite element analysis. For damage evolution, comparisons are made between a one-dimensional material point simulator and a three-dimensional nite element (FE) simulation. Finally, good agreement is found between impact experiments and FE impact simulations using the implemented model.

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A new model using a double-continuity relation for predicting the evolution of pair-correlation functions (PCFs) is presented. The proposed model was developed using statistical continuum theory and is employed to predict the viscoplastic behavior of polycrystalline materials. This model was built based upon the continuity relations and a double divergence law that guarantees the conservation of both orientation and mass; and also satisfies the field equations (equilibrium, constitutive, and compatibility) at every point of the polycrystalline material throughout the deformation process. In the presented model, motion of particles in the real space and rotation of crystallographic orientations in the Euler angle space is monitored using an iterative process assuming that all the amount of deformation is applied uniformly without taking into account the localization effects. To study the accuracy of the proposed model, a commercially pure nickel material was rolled to different amounts of cold work. Texture and statistical analyses of the experimental and simulated microstructures were carried out. For the texture analysis, pole figures, ODF sections, and volume fractions of some ideal orientations of cold-rolling were studied. For the statistical analysis, pair correlation functions (PCFs) were employed and the correlations (auto- and anti-correlations) between ideal orientations and also the coherence length were studied. Simulated results captured from the implementation of the new model are in good agreement with the experimental ones at low and medium rolling deformations (0 to 50% rolling reductions); however, at large levels of deformations (above 70% reductions), because of the formation of cell blocks and relevant inhomogeneity, the occurrence of ideal orientations and their correlation properties in the experimental microstructure is affected by grain subdivision phenomena. This causes distortions in the shape of crystallographic grains at large rolling reductions, and accordingly we observe larger errors in comparison of simulated and experimental microstructures.

Ziel der Arbeit war es, eine neue Methode zu entwickeln, mit der das zeitabhängige Verformungsverhalten von Hochtemperaturbauteilen unter thermomechanischer Beanspruchung (TMF) im Vorrissstadium besser vorhergesagt werden kann, ohne dass sich der Aufwand gegenüber anderen bekannten Konzepten erhöht.

This dissertation thesis deals with the improvement of computational approaches for prediction of residual stresses in welded joints of welded structures in order to ensure greater compliance of the calculated results with the real conditions of welding and heat treatment. The improvement of computational approaches is based on application of elastic-viscoplastic material models which are able (compared with elastic-plastic material models) to take into account the viscoplastic processes ongoing during welding and heat treatment. This leads to more accurate calculated results which enter into further assessment of limit states and directly decide on the safety and lifetime of welded structures. Performed computational and experimental works, confronted with results published in the world, confirm the influence and benefit of application of elastic-viscoplastic material models in the frame of welding and heat treatment numerical analyses. Therefore elastic-viscoplastic material model is further applied in solution of practical project solved by IAM Brno. Solution of this project, whose aim is the development of repair of dissimilar metal welds (without post-weld heat treatment) in Dukovany and Temelin nuclear power plants using "Weld overlay method", has confirmed that application of elastic-viscoplastic material model leads to more accurate calculated results. For this reason the elastic-viscoplastic computational approach will be included into all future tasks of IAM Brno.

Ziel der Arbeit war es, eine neue Methode zu entwickeln, mit der das zeitabhängige Verformungsverhalten von Hochtemperaturbauteilen unter thermomechanischer Beanspruchung (TMF) im Vorrissstadium besser vorhergesagt werden kann, ohne dass sich der Aufwand gegenüber anderen bekannten Konzepten erhöht.