Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die doel met hierdie studie is om 'n kurrikulum vir die onderwys van swaksiende kinders vanui t 'n makroperspektief te ontwerp. Van die belangrikste gevolgtrekkings waartoe in hierdie studie gekom word, dui daarop dat die kurrikula, leerplanne en -opleidingsprogramme wat in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika vir kinders met spesiale onderwysbehoeftes (wat die onderwys van swaksiende kinders insluit) voorsien word * dikwels nie toereikend is om leerlinge vir suksesvolle indiensplasing voor te berei nie; * oorwegend akademies georienteerd is; * en nie altyd tred hou met die veranderende behoeftes, eise en tendense in die arbeidsmark nie. Swaksiende kinders is as groep hoogs heterogeen en het besondere en uiteenlopende onderwys- en opleidingsbehoeftes. Ten einde 'n relevante kurrikulum vir swaksiende kinders te on twerp wat genoemde leemtes ondervang, moes hulle uni eke behoef tes sowel as die eise van die moderne arbeidsmark in aanmerking geneem word. Die voorgestelde kurrikulum is op die onderwys van swaksiende kinders in af sonderlike skole vir gesiggestremde kinders en in skole in die hoof stroom van die onderwys van toepassing en maak * enersyds voorsiening vir die effektiewe implementering van die kurrikulum wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysowerheid op nasionale (en moontlik ook op provinsiale) vlak vir die onderwys van normaalsiende kinders voorgeskryf word, en * andersyds vir die ontsluiting en bemeestering van die noodsaaklike kompensatoriese persoonlikheids- en karaktereienskappe en algemene vaardighede, waaroor swaksiende kinders behoort te beskik ten einde hulleself na skoolverlating in die volwasse sosiale en beroepslewe te kan handhaaf. Die kurrikulummodel wat die basis vorm vir die ontwerp van hierdie kurrikulum, is sodanig aangepas dat dit uitdrukking gee aan die essensies van 'n Christelik-wysgerige perspektief op opvoeding en onderrig. / The aim of this study is to design a curriculum for the education of partially sighted children from a macro perspective. some of the most important conclusions arrived at in this study indicate that the present curricula, syllabi and training programmes which are being offered to children with special education needs (including the education of partially sighted children) in the Republic of South Africa * are often not adequate to prepare learners for successful placement; * are predominantly academically orientated; * and do not always keep track with changing needs, demands and tendencies in the labour market. Partially sighted children as a group are highly heterogeneous and have particular and diverse education and training needs. In order to design a relevant curriculum for partially sighted children which intends to eradicate the mentioned deficiencies in the present provision of education to them, their unique needs as well as the demands of the modern labour market have to be considered. The proposed curriculum is directed at the education of partially sighted children who are accommodated in separate schools for the visually impaired as well as in schools in the mainstream of education and provides * on the one hand for the effective implementation of the curriculum which is prescribed normally sighted children by for the education of the South African education authorities on national (and perhaps also on provincial) level and * on the other hand for the unlocking and mastering of the essential compensatory personality and character qualities and general skills which partially sighted children should possess in order to maintain themselves in the adult social and vocational life after leaving school. The curriculum model which formed the basis for the design of this curriculum was adadapted in such a way that it expresses the essence of a Christian philosophic perspective on education and teaching. / Teacher Education / D.Ed.

Blindness is one of the most debilitating health disorders and avoidable blindness is a major international health problem. The World Health Organization has estimated that globally, there are 45 million persons who are blind - a figure that is expected to increase to approximately 76 million by the year 2020. Approximately 80% of blindness is avoidable and can be prevented or cured with appropriate service delivery efforts. Research suggests that the combined annual global GDP loss from blindness in 2000 was more than $40 billion. Yet blindness has received relatively little attention in worldwide efforts to promote health and it is not at present a high health priority in many countries. Consequently, unless there are alternative and more efficient and extended endeavours to address this situation and model an approach that will provide a long-term solution, avoidable blindness will continue. In recent years, eye care service delivery organisations have assumed a greater level of responsibility for addressing the problem of avoidable blindness. A number of successful approaches have been designed and implemented to expand the delivery of eye care services. The approaches have focused on the development of organisational capacity and on sustainability, and they have effectuated a reduction in avoidable blindness in particular target populations. However, despite their importance, contemporary eye care service delivery models have largely been neglected in the literature and few formal organisational approaches to eye care have been developed and documented. There are few definitive independent studies available that outline the bases of these approaches and no explicit and standardised methodologies that can assist service delivery organisations to replicate the approaches. Objective and comprehensive research is accordingly required to promote current and new approaches to eye care and to develop ways of facilitating their adoption. The thesis attempts to address this problem by developing a theory–based, case study–supported practical methodology to identify, support the progression of, and measure the strategic and operational objectives of eye care service delivery organisations. The research seeks to identify the issues relevant to the management of eye care service delivery organisations and subsequently evaluate whether they can be incorporated into a distinct and explicit management framework. It seeks to present the value of the process and the possibility that it can be accomplished elsewhere and in dissimilar organisations. By developing a widely applicable management framework, the research's primary contribution is that it extends eye care organisational management theory to assist in the facilitation of blindness reduction. A conceptual management framework is developed in the thesis which unifies contemporary eye care organisational approaches with the Balanced Scorecard management framework. The framework was devised for and evaluated by undertaking two case studies – one in India and one in South Africa. The significance of developing such a framework is demonstrated at various points throughout the thesis. The research process reveals the potential applicability of the framework – the Strategic Management Framework (SMF). The research concludes that the SMF is able to support and enhance organisational development, performance management, and scenario analyses in eye care service delivery organisations operating in developing countries. Although the framework developed in the thesis is specific to eye care organisations it is flexible enough to be transferable to other healthcare organisations in developed countries. The final conclusion of the thesis is that, while the SMF is not in itself a solution to the problem of avoidable blindness, it is an appropriate and practical management tool which will improve existing, and assist in the establishment of new, eye care service delivery organisations. In this context, the research makes a number of significant and original contributions to prevention of blindness literature and theory. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of History and Politics, 2004.

Graduation date: 2005

Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti darbo kompiuteriu ir vaikų sveikatos pakenkimų sąsajas. Uždaviniai: 1.Ištirti regėjimo funkcijos sutrikimų, netaisyklingos laikysenos ir skoliozių dinamiką; 2.Nustatyti sveikatos sutrikimų/nusiskundimų (regos ir kaulų - raumenų sistemos) ir darbo kompiuteriu sąsajas; 3.Įvertinti moksleivių darbą kompiuteriu namuose ir jo aplinką. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2006 - 2008 metais. Tyrime dalyvavo 428 Kauno X gimnazijos pirmų ir ketvirtų klasių moksleiviai, atsako dažnis 92.24 proc. Duomenys rinkti iš medicininių dokumentų ir anketinės apklausos būdu. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant kompiuterinį SPSS 13.0 statistinį paketą ir MS Excel. Rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad apie 40 proc. vaikų turi regėjimo ir 33 proc. kaulų - raumenų sutrikimus. Nustatyta statistiškai patikimas regėjimo aštrumo blogėjimas ir didėjantis moksleivių skoliozių dažnis. Pagrindiniai regėjimo sutrikimai dirbant kompiuteriu yra: 42,3 proc. akių skausmas, 38,6 proc. akių paraudimas, 32,9 proc. pablogėjęs matymas, 26,2 proc. ašarojimas, 23,8 proc. akių džiūvimas, 19,6 proc. mirgėjimas akyse. Nustatytas ryšys tarp valandų praleistų prie kompiuterio ir regėjimo aštrumo mažėjimo. Dažniausi kaulų - raumenų sutrikimai: 42,3 proc. stuburo, 36 proc. kaklo, 16,8 proc. pečių lanko, 14 proc. riešo, 11 proc. juosmeninės dalies skausmai. Nustatytas ryšys tarp laiko praleisto prie kompiuterio ir juosmeninės dalies skausmo (p=0,033). Mergaitės daugiau laiko praleidžia rašydamos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study. The objective of this study is to evaluate correlation between health disorders and work with the computer. Objectives. The goals of this work are to study dynamics of disorders of the function of vision, bad posture, and scoliosis; to establish correlation between health disorders/complaints (sight, bone-muscle system) and work with the computer; to measure students’ work with the computer at home and its environment. Methods. The research was done in 2006-2008; it involved 428 participants of 1ST and 4th form students of X Gymnasium. The percent of frequency of response was 92,24. Data was collected from medical documents and by carrying out a survey. Statistical analysis of data was done using computer-based statistical batch SPSS 13.0 and MS Excel. Results. The results show that 40% of students have vision disorders and 67% - musculosceletal disorders. There is statistical evidence of growth in eyesight worsening and growing frequency of scoliosis among students. The main vision disorders caused by computers include: 42,3% eyestrain, 38,6% red eyes, 32,9% reduced vision, 26,2% running eyes, 23,8% dry eyes, 19,6% flicker. Connection is established between the time spent at a computer and reduced eyesight. Most frequent musculoscelatal disorders include: 42,3% pain in the spinal column; 36% - neck area, 16,8% - shoulder arch, 14% - wrist, 11% - girdle pain. There is relation between time spent at a computer and girdle pain (p=0,033). Girls spend... [to full text]

Thesis (M.Sc. (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1995. / Bibliographies : p. 132-140.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-06, page: 3262. Adviser: John R. Herbold. Includes bibliographical references.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die doel met hierdie studie is om 'n kurrikulum vir die onderwys van swaksiende kinders vanui t 'n makroperspektief te ontwerp. Van die belangrikste gevolgtrekkings waartoe in hierdie studie gekom word, dui daarop dat die kurrikula, leerplanne en -opleidingsprogramme wat in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika vir kinders met spesiale onderwysbehoeftes (wat die onderwys van swaksiende kinders insluit) voorsien word * dikwels nie toereikend is om leerlinge vir suksesvolle indiensplasing voor te berei nie; * oorwegend akademies georienteerd is; * en nie altyd tred hou met die veranderende behoeftes, eise en tendense in die arbeidsmark nie. Swaksiende kinders is as groep hoogs heterogeen en het besondere en uiteenlopende onderwys- en opleidingsbehoeftes. Ten einde 'n relevante kurrikulum vir swaksiende kinders te on twerp wat genoemde leemtes ondervang, moes hulle uni eke behoef tes sowel as die eise van die moderne arbeidsmark in aanmerking geneem word. Die voorgestelde kurrikulum is op die onderwys van swaksiende kinders in af sonderlike skole vir gesiggestremde kinders en in skole in die hoof stroom van die onderwys van toepassing en maak * enersyds voorsiening vir die effektiewe implementering van die kurrikulum wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysowerheid op nasionale (en moontlik ook op provinsiale) vlak vir die onderwys van normaalsiende kinders voorgeskryf word, en * andersyds vir die ontsluiting en bemeestering van die noodsaaklike kompensatoriese persoonlikheids- en karaktereienskappe en algemene vaardighede, waaroor swaksiende kinders behoort te beskik ten einde hulleself na skoolverlating in die volwasse sosiale en beroepslewe te kan handhaaf. Die kurrikulummodel wat die basis vorm vir die ontwerp van hierdie kurrikulum, is sodanig aangepas dat dit uitdrukking gee aan die essensies van 'n Christelik-wysgerige perspektief op opvoeding en onderrig. / The aim of this study is to design a curriculum for the education of partially sighted children from a macro perspective. some of the most important conclusions arrived at in this study indicate that the present curricula, syllabi and training programmes which are being offered to children with special education needs (including the education of partially sighted children) in the Republic of South Africa * are often not adequate to prepare learners for successful placement; * are predominantly academically orientated; * and do not always keep track with changing needs, demands and tendencies in the labour market. Partially sighted children as a group are highly heterogeneous and have particular and diverse education and training needs. In order to design a relevant curriculum for partially sighted children which intends to eradicate the mentioned deficiencies in the present provision of education to them, their unique needs as well as the demands of the modern labour market have to be considered. The proposed curriculum is directed at the education of partially sighted children who are accommodated in separate schools for the visually impaired as well as in schools in the mainstream of education and provides * on the one hand for the effective implementation of the curriculum which is prescribed normally sighted children by for the education of the South African education authorities on national (and perhaps also on provincial) level and * on the other hand for the unlocking and mastering of the essential compensatory personality and character qualities and general skills which partially sighted children should possess in order to maintain themselves in the adult social and vocational life after leaving school. The curriculum model which formed the basis for the design of this curriculum was adadapted in such a way that it expresses the essence of a Christian philosophic perspective on education and teaching. / Teacher Education / D.Ed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 narikawa_s_dr_botfm.pdf: 800677 bytes, checksum: 3e94c5a65b9664f4409c9bb8f9d65505 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde existem no mundo 285 milhões de pessoas com deficiência visual. As prevalências de cegueira e baixa visão são diferentes em cada país e suas causas principais podem variar. Além disso, alguns fatores podem estar associados a deficiência visual. Uma vez que no Brasil os estudos envolvendo grupos populacionais ainda são escassos, e que os mesmos podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde, o presente estudo foi realizado. Avaliar a prevalência de cegueira e baixa visão, assim como suas principais causas e associações com fatores sócio demográficos, hábitos e doenças sistêmicas no Município de Pratânia – SP. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional no Município de Pratânia – SP. Os dados foram coletados através do atendimento da população utilizando uma unidade móvel para exame oftalmológico e as instalações da unidade básica de saúde do Município. Foram considerados elegíveis todos os habitantes com idade maior ou igual a 40 anos. Foram avaliadas a acuidade visual apresentada e com a melhor correção, utilizando a tabela de Snellen e segundo a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Além do atendimento oftalmológico, foi realizado um amplo questionário sobre hábitos e doenças sistêmicas assim como um exame clínico de cada indivíduo. O teste T de Student foi utilizado para comparar variáveis contínuas e o qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fischer para variáveis contínuas. Para múltiplas comparações, foi utilizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o método de Bonferroni para correção de múltiplas comparações. O modelo de regressão logística foi utilizado para análises univariadas e multivariadas de possíveis fatores associados a cegueira ou baixa visão. Foram avaliadas 681 pessoas (taxa de aderência de 64,4%). Segundo a acuidade visual apresentada, eram portadores de... / According to the World Health Organization, there are in the World 285 million people with visual impairments. The prevalence of blindness and low vision are different in each country and their main causes can vary. In addition, some factors may be associated with visual impairment. Considering that in Brazil studies involving population groups are still scarce, and that they can assist in the development of health policies, this study was conducted. To evaluate the prevalence of blindness and low vision, as well as its main causes and associations with socio-demographic factors, habits and systemic diseases in the City of Pratânia - SP. We performed a cross-sectional population-based study in the city of Pratânia - SP. Data were collected through the examination of the population using a mobile unit for eye examination and the facilities of the basic health unit in the city. We considered eligible all inhabitants aged greater than or equal to 40 years. We evaluated presenting visual acuity and the visual acuity with best correction using the Snellen chart and according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Besides eye examination, it was conducted an extensive interview on habits and systemic diseases as well as a clinical examination of each individual. The Student’s t- test was used to compare continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher exact test for continuous variables. For multiple comparisons, it was used the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni method to correct for multiple comparisons. The logistic regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of possible factors associated with blindness or low vision. A total of 681 people participated in the study (adherence rate of 64.4%). Considering presenting visual acuity, the prevalence of low vision was 4.1% and 2.1% was blind. Considering the visual acuity with best correction, the ...

Orientador: Keila Miriam Monteiro de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T01:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_StellaMarisdaCostae_M.pdf: 2612722 bytes, checksum: d1efcfd03f4ef0eb1389ac569a95728f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A esclerose múltipla é uma doença crônica imunomediada do sistema nervoso central, caracterizada por inflamação, desmielinização e lesão axonal na fase inicial, e desmielinização crônica, degeneração progressiva e perda axonal, atrofia cerebral e gliose na fase crônica. O acometimento do sistema visual e motor ocular são manifestações comuns da doença. O objetivo desse estudo foi observar as alterações relacionadas das funções visuais no período remissivo da doença e sua correlação com as imagens da ressonância magnética. Foram realizadas a avaliação da acuidade visual, do campo visual central computadorizado, da visão cromática e da sensibilidade ao contraste em 48 pacientes com esclerose múltipla recidivante-remitente e em 25 controles. O evento anterior de neurite óptica aguda foi utilizado para classificar os pacientes: 26 com história positiva e 22 com história negativa. A avaliação clínica dos movimentos oculares foi realizada em 60 pacientes e 35 controles. O subgrupo com história de neurite óptica apresentou pior resultado (p<0,05) em todos os testes quando comparado ao grupo controle; o subgrupo sem história de neurite óptica apresentou pior resultado na perimetria estática e na visão de cores. Os dois subgrupos não diferiram entre si nos resultados dos testes visuais. Na avaliação comparativa entre as lesões observadas nas radiações ópticas de 29 pacientes e os índices da perimetria estática, houve associação entre lesões mais extensas e piores índices do campo visual. Na análise dos movimentos oculares, a falha do cancelamento do reflexo vestíbulo ocular, a dismetria sacádica e a presença de movimentos corretivos durante o acompanhamento ocular uniforme, foram as alterações mais freqüentes. O questionário de função visual e o suplemento de itens neuroftalmológicos detectaram pior qualidade de vida visual numa amostra de 41 pacientes com esclerose múltipla em relação a 22 controles. O comprometimento da função visual e motora ocular foi frequente na esclerose múltipla no estágio recidivante-remitente mesmo fora do período agudo da doença. Foi possível observar associação entre os índices da perimetria automatizada e resultados quantitativos das imagens por ressonância magnética. Alterações dos movimentos oculares, próprias do quadro de oftalmoplegia internuclear, puderam ser associadas às lesões do fascículo longitudinal medial / Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury in the early phase, as well as chronic demyelination, progressive axonal degeneration and loss, cerebral atrophy and gliosis in the chronic phase. The involvement of the visual and ocular motor systems is a common manifestation of the disease. The objective of this research was to observe the disorders related to visual functions, in the remission phase of the disease, and their correlation to magnetic resonance images. Visual acuity, central automated visual field, color vision, and contrast sensitivity were assessed in 48 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 25 controls. The episode of acute optic neuritis was used to classify the patients: 26 with positive history and 22 without. Careful clinical observation of ocular movements was done in 60 patients and 35 controls. The subgroup with positive history of acute optic neuritis had worse results (p<0.05) compared with the control group; the subgroup with no history of optic neuritis had worse results (p<0.05) in automated perimetry and color vision. Neither of the subgroups differed between one another (p>0.05). In the comparative assessment between optic radiations lesion of 29 patients and perimetric visual fields, there was a relationship between larger lesions and worse visual fields indices. In the examination of eye movements, the failure of the cancellation of vestibular ocular reflex and the presence of corrective movements during pursuit were the most frequent abnormalities. The National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Functioning Questionnaire and their 10-Item Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement scores were lower in 42 multiple sclerosis patients compared with 22 controls. The involvement of the visual and ocular motor function was frequent in multiple sclerosis patients in the relapsing remitting phase, even outside of the acute phase of the disease. It was possible to observe a relationship between visual field indices and quantitative measurements of magnetic resonance images. Abnormalities of the ocular movements, suggestive of internuclear ophtalmoplegia were associated with lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutor em Ciências Médicas

M.Tech. / As computers become more common in the work environment, more people are developing symptoms linked to long-term computer use. These include visual and eye-related symptoms as well as musculo-skeletal symptoms (Sheedy & Shaw-McMinn, 2003; Yan, Hu, Chen & Lu, 2007). This collection of symptoms is known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). There are various allopathic modes of treatment available which are limited in terms of their long term use and side effects. Yan and colleagues (2007) indicate that a correctly designed, ergonomically efficient work place plays a significant role in limiting the development of CVS symptoms. Depending on the reasons for CVS and the symptoms associated with it, alternative treatment options may be appropriate (Yan, et al., 2007). Homoeopathy offers alternate treatment, however no extensive research has been done on the homoeopathic treatment of this condition. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the homoeopathic remedy Ruta graveolens 6cH together with ergonomic interventions in the work environment in the treatment of Computer Vision Syndrome. This was done by means of a selection questionnaire (APPENDIX B) and a symptom index form (APPENDIX C), rating the severity and frequency of symptoms. This research study is paired to a related study which investigated the efficacy of Ruta graveolens 6cH without ergonomic interventions. These two studies can later be compared to determine whether the remedy Ruta graveolens 6cH by itself is sufficient in treating computer vision syndrome. This study was approved by the Higher Degrees Committee (HDC48/2009) and the Academic Ethics Committee (AEC50/09) at the University of Johannesburg on the 19 June 2009. Thirty one people joined the study. They were recruited by means of flyers and advertisements (APPENDIX E) placed at the University of Johannesburg as well as corporate companies. Participation was voluntary and by means of informed consent (APPENDIX A). Participants were required to fill in a selection questionnaire (APPENDIX B) to see if they qualified for the study. It was a double-blind placebo controlled study in which participants were placed into one of 2 groups. Both groups were required to change the layout of their work environment in order to ensure ergonomic efficiency at their work station (APPENDIX D). Of the two groups, one was dispensed vi the medicated prescription and the other an identically presented unmedicated prescription. Participants were requested to take the medication twice a day for 4 weeks. They were also required to complete a symptom index form (APPENDIX C) on a weekly basis. These forms were collected by the researcher at the end of the four weeks. There was no risk associated with taking the medication. Participants’ right to privacy was adhered to and they were free to withdraw from the study at any time. Of the 31 people who joined the study, 29 completed the study.