Vitelline membrane strength plays a role in preventing contamination of albumen by yolk during separation and is important to food safety. Two experiments were conducted to determine if a relationship exists between vitelline membrane protein banding patterns, interior egg quality, and vitelline membrane rupture strength. Eggs were gathered from commercial egg producers from pre-molt (26 wk or 72 wk) and post-molted (74 wk or 82 wk) hens. In each of two trials twenty-one eggs were gathered and stored (4°C) per experiment. Three eggs were evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 for eggs from pre-molted hens; and 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 for eggs from molted hens for changes in SDS-PAGE protein banding patterns. The yolk from each egg was isolated and rolled on a wet paper towel to remove adhering albumen. The yolk was emptied and washed. The whole membrane was placed into double deionized water and divided into two sections. The first section was the whole membrane sample and the other was separated by forceps into inner and outer membrane samples. The three sections were dissolved separately in 1% SDS/70 mM Tris/HCl, pH 6.8. Protein concentration was determined using the Lowry method and proteins separated on 4-20% gradient gel by SDS-PAGE. Protein banding patterns were analyzed using the Bio-Rad Multi-Analyst Densitometer. Reductions of VMO I and GP II occurred along with reductions in the protein bands between 60 to 100 kDa. In each of two trials, an additional one hundred forty eggs were gathered at the same time from the same flock and stored at 4°C. Twenty eggs were evaluated for quality on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 for eggs from pre-molted hens; and 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 for eggs from molted hens. Yolk index, albumen height, albumen pH, and yolk pH were determined. Vitelline membrane strength was determined using a compression anvil. Two different treatments were used on the yolk when evaluating rupture strength: 10 egg yolks with inner thin albumen layer, and 10 egg yolks rolled on wet paper towel to remove inner thin albumen layer. Interior egg quality and vitelline membrane strength declined during storage.

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Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-08T12:33:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeine Emanuele Santos da Silva.pdf: 2802282 bytes, checksum: 66fe306e48bd3ebef3e793500c49baea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T12:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeine Emanuele Santos da Silva.pdf: 2802282 bytes, checksum: 66fe306e48bd3ebef3e793500c49baea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different fat dietary on serum lipid profile in Japanese quails and on vascular growth in the embryos vitelline membrane (VM). These birds were fed with supplemented feed with fish oil or soybean oil. The experiment was conducted with 80 quail, distributed in five treatments named Diet Control (DC), Fish Oil (FO 2%), Fish Oil 4% (FO 4%),Soybean Oil 2% (SO 2%) and Soybean Oil 4% (SO 4%), in a ratio of 1 male to 3 females. Fertilized eggs incubated at 37.5°C for 24 hours were opened and after removal of 1 mL of albumen the window was sealed with parafilm. From 72 hours incubation images of VM vascular network were captured at intervals of 24 hours over three days. DLA were generated in order to compare their fractal dimension (D) with the VM and test whether the method affects the value of D. To obtain the average value of D of the VM vascularization and DLA were used box-counting (Dbc) and information dimension (Di) methods. An enzymatic colorimetric method was used to estimate lipid profile. The total cholesterol (TC) levels of the groups showed no difference between itself. The total triglycerides (TG) of the FO 2% and FO 4% groups were higher than the groups DC, SO 2% and SO 4%. For HDL, the group FO 4% differ in relation to other groups. The embryos MV vascularization, evaluated by fractal dimension (D), of the group FO 4% was less than the MV vascularization of the group DC, SO 2% and FO 2%. The MV vascularization of the group SO 4% was lower only when compared with group DC. The PUFA supplementation in groups FO 2% and SO 2% did not interfered with MV vascularization. The DLA fractal dimension obtained by the Dbc and Di was higher than those observed for the MV fractal dimension for all experimental groups. Differences between the values of D obtained by these methods (Dbc e Di) were statistically significant for all groups. The vitelline membrane shows an experimental model suitable for vasculogenesis study. The fractal analysis shows to be a reliable mathematical method to quantify vascular growth in vivo such as the vitelline membrane. / O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de diferentes dietas sobre o perfil lipídico sérico de codornas japonesas e sobre o crescimento vascular na membrana vitelina (MV) dos embriões das aves suplementadas com óleo de peixe e óleo de soja. Foram utilizadas 80 codornas, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos denominados Dieta Controle (DC), Óleo de Peixe 2% (OP 2%), Óleo de Peixe 4% (OP 4%), Óleo de Soja 2% (OS 2%) e Óleo de Soja 4% (OS 4%), numa relação de 1 macho para 3 fêmeas. Ovos fertilizados incubados a 37,5ºC durante 24 horas foram abertos e após a remoção de 1 mL de albúmen a abertura foi selada com parafilme. A partir de 72 horas de incubação imagens da rede vascular da MV foram capturadas em intervalos de 24 horas durante 3 dias. DLA foram gerados a fim de comparar a sua dimensão fractal com a da MV e testar se o método usado interfere no valor da dimensão. Para obtenção do valor médio da dimensão fractal da vascularização das MV e dos DLA foram utilizados os métodos de box-counting (Dbc) e dimensão de informação (Di). Método enzimático com reação colorimétrica foi usado para estimar o perfil lipídico das aves. Os níveis de colesterol total (CT) dos grupos não apresentaram diferença entre si. Os níveis de triglicerídeos totais (TG) das aves do grupo OP 2% e OP 4% foram superiores aos dos grupos DC, OS 2% e OS 4%. Para o HDL, apenas o grupo OP 4% apresentou diferença em relação aos demais grupos. A vascularização da MV dos embriões, avaliada pela dimensão fractal D, do grupo OP 4% foi inferior a vascularização das MV dos grupos DC, OS 2% e OP 2%. A vascularização da MV do grupo OS 4% foi inferior apenas quando comparada ao grupo DC. A suplementação com PUFA nos grupos OP 2% e OS 2% não interferiu na vascularização das MV. A dimensão fractal do DLA obtida pelos métodos de Dbc e Di foi superior aquelas observadas para as dimensões das MV de todos os grupos experimentais. As diferenças entre as dimensões obtidas por estes métodos (Dbc e Di) foram estatisticamente significativas para todos os grupos avaliados. A membrana vitelina se mostra um modelo experimental adequado para o estudo da vasculogênese. A geometria fractal se mostra um método matemático confiável para a quantificação do crescimento vascular em modelos in vivo como a membrana vitelina.