This thesis addresses the campaign of militant activism which Wales witnessed between 1963 and 1969. It demonstrates that the unprecedented period of violence was fuelled by both the contentious flooding of Cwm Tryweryn and crucially, the failure of Plaid Cymru to prevent the valley's drowning through constitutional means. By not taking passive and timely protest action, Plaid Cymru ensured that militancy, as predominately undertaken by Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru, became a feature of the Welsh geo-political landscape. Moreover, had the party taken a more sharpened approach during the earlier stages of the proposal, it is likely that the emergence of the so-called Free Wales Army, which campaigned along the lines of using 'propaganda against the Establishment', may well have been avoided. However, this is a view which is challenged by, among others, former members of the displaced community, who maintain that Plaid Cymru - and most notably its president - did all they could to prevent the Tryweryn Reservoir Bill becoming law. Nonetheless, the escalation in militant strategy came in response to the impending Royal Investiture of Charles Windsor as Prince of Wales. In retaliation, the authorities established the so-called Shrewsbury Unit. This was borne of an increasingly desperate attempt to apprehend those responsible, in order to ensure the safety of the Royal Party and the success of the ceremony. By considering the publicity conscious Free Wales Army, the thesis demonstrates that the group undertook one failed militant strike. It also establishes that the militant offensive undertaken by MAC comprised two distinct phases. The first in 1963 was predominately marshalled by Emyr Llywelyn Jones. The second period of hostilities, between 1966 and 1969, was orchestrated by John Jenkins; who critically, was a Sergeant in the British Army Dental Corps. This thesis seeks to reinstate the importance of the militant campaign in Welsh history, neither by judging it nor dismissing it, but by establishing the importance of these protests to both the nation's history and its cultural and political advance. It also establishes the detail of what happened, while seeking to tell the story in a balanced way, paying full attention to the perspective of the perpetrators and those actively engaged in their detection.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1928. / "Partial list of Welsh plays in English": p. 90. Bibliography: p. 94-96.

Zugl.: Diss.

Community development is a crucial tool for the achievement of public health objectives, and the support of older people in the community is a key objective of public health This study examines the evolution of thinking on that subject. The history of community development, from its beginnings to the present, is studied in detail, particularly the development of divergent approaches to the method between the U.K. and the U.S.A. The development of community-based policies toward the revitalisation of communities in the U.K is examined There is a focus on Wales, and how the Welsh Government has strived for consistency in delivering its public health agenda in line with the World Health Organization's policies for health and well-being. In Wales, the economic and social realities of recession have retarded government's efforts to achieve this. Wales has produced innovative and progressive policies in the social regeneration field, especially for older people. The economic crisis will impact on future generations of older people with increasing severity unless an alternative source of support, outside the State, can be found. This study is the search for a viable solution for this problem - can the community be a sustainable resource for the support for older people? The salient issues arising from community development values, modelling, and practice in the U.K. and the U.S.A. have been combined with systems theory. This has produced a new model for the strategic planning of community development at the social planning level and for the co-ordination of local community resources. The work of Jack Rothman, Saul Alinsky, and the Tavistock Institute has been the baseline for this study, but the Welsh experience has been incorporated to ground this approach in context. The Welsh Government's Strategy for Older People has provided a model for policy formation and also for a vehicle for direct intervention for social change using community development models.

The ecology of otters (Lutia lutia L.) was studied at a number of locations to investigate specific aspects of carnivore behaviours and trophic niche breadth. Otter inhabiting the Gower Peninsular, in South Wales, ate freshwater fish (58.7%), marine fish (24.6%), non-fish (16.2%) and unidentified prey (0.6%). Bullhead was the core prey on Gower, although eel, stickleback, flatfish, brown trout and amphibians were also important dietary components. There was significant temporal and spatial variation in the composition of otter diet on Gower. A year long study of otters on the Pembrokeshire coast found that diet was composed of marine fish (56%), freshwater fish (29%) and non-fish prey (15%). O tter diet was very diverse on Gower and the Pembrokeshire coast, with slow swimming demersal fish the most frequent prey items. A systematic meta-analytical review of otter dietary studies demonstrated that otters have a very brbad trophic niche across Europe (H' - 0.77) and suggested that otters are facultative foragers. There was no evidence of latitudinal or Mediterranean trends in trophic diversity. Variation in trophic diversity and dietary composition appeared to be driven at the habitat level. A rigorous assessment of the techniques used to monitor otter populations and investigate otter diet was also undertaken. The standard 600 m transect used to determine otter distribution was inadequate at detecting otters on small lowland rivers, due to a high rate of type II error. Increasing transect size, making repeat visits and surveying additional sites improved the detection power of otter surveys. Five different spraint analysis methods produced dietary data with a low level of comparability. Potential limitations of volumetric analysis in highly diverse diets were identified. Molecular tools and new technologies need to be applied in carnivore dietary studies to advance theories of foraging, competition and lifehistory strategies.

This thesis examines the implementation and practice of environmental initiatives within universities. Environmental management is explored through the lens of individual sensemaking to further the understanding of managing change processes and to reveal the implications for university leadership. This qualitative research is based around an interpretive study of four case study universities in South Wales, UK. The thesis introduces the concept of environmental management and highlights the drivers for implementing environmental management initiatives within higher education. This thesis provides a unique contribution to the existing debate on individual sensemaking through exploring the experiences of university members pertaining to the implementation of environmental management initiatives within the four universities. Data analysis reveals internal barriers and the dysfunctional attitudes of organisational cynicism and ambivalence to change. As such, these concepts act as subtle resistors to implementing environmental management initiatives. The internal barriers manifest as a lack of environmental leadership and a failure to provide an environmental vision and strategy to university members. Associated organisational cynicism is seen to arise from the frustration and disillusionment of individuals towards the efforts of university leadership to implement environmental management. This thesis reveals that ambivalence is a common experience which results in a simultaneous supportive and negative response towards environmental management. Ambivalent behaviour is exposed by individual members and, importantly, by university leadership. The thesis concludes that the ambivalence of university leadership is described as a 'latent' resistance to environmental management; a hidden internal obstacle which needs to be overcome in order to implement environmental management initiatives. In terms of university management, this research suggests the need for university leaders to acknowledge and understand the negative effects of organisational cynicism and ambivalence on managing change processes and on the university as a whole.

No description available.

No description available.

An extensive study of the coal mining records, borehole data and underground exposures has provided useful information relating to this area of the Coalfield. The stratigraphic information indicates this area was marginal within the Westphalian basin of deposition. Marine incursions are sometimes multiple and indicate, along with other sedimentary features that the Vale of Neath Disturbance was active throughout the Westphalian as a positive area: there was similar activity around the Taw Valley Disturbance. Newly constructed ideal cyclothems indicate an oscillating delta front from mid Westphalian C onwards so that mesothems replace cyclothems as the basic unit of sedimentation: they also indicate the changing palaeo-environment. Structural information suggests that the present extent of Pennant Sandstone outcron is as it was during the Armorican Orogeny. The Tawe Valley and Vale of Neath Disturbances have probably formed over basement Caledonian faults and were active prior to and throughout the orogeny with possible Neogene movement. An early tensional phase created the normal cross-faults and later compressional deformation took place within the individual fault blocks. The Coalfield was compressed against a northern rigid area resulting in the north-easterly movement of the area between the caledonoid disturbances driving the measures at the margin before it on an imbricate fan and compressional and incompetent structures. The stress-field was resolved and relieved locally by a variety of incompetent structures including the newly described Rotary Faults.