Thredbo Village is a year round alpine resort located in Kosciusko National Park, south eastern New South Wales. Treated sewage effluent from Thredbo Village is discharged to the upper Thredbo River. The river is a rocky bottomed, high mountain stream (> 1,200 m altitude in the study area) flowing predominantly through subalpine woodland, the only major impact on the river within the study area was that of the Thredbo Village alpine ski resort. Nutrient concentrations were measured in the upper Thredbo River monthly from January to September 1983 at 9 sites along the river, both upstream and downstream of the effluent discharge. In addition, invertebrates were collected at the same sites in January, April and July 1983. The near pristine section of the upper Thredbo River upstream of Thredbo Village was low in phosphorus and nitrogen (<20 mg m-3 and <100 mg m-3 respectively). The sewage effluent discharge was high in phosphorus and nitrogen (up to 5,000 mg m-3 and 28,000 mg m-3 respectively). Phosphorus generally returned to concentrations similar to those measured in the pristine sections by 3.5 kilometres downstream of the discharge. Nitrogen (mostly in the form of nitrate and nitrite) often remained elevated down to the most downstream site, 8 kilometres downstream of the effluent discharge. The elevated nutrient concentrations immediately downstream of the effluent discharge stimulated the growth of attached filamentous algae in January when conditions for growth were most favourable. It is concluded that this growth provided an additional food source for several invertebrate taxa, Cricolopus sp. 12E and 160E (Diptera, Chironomidae), Conoesucidae sp. TR6, Oxyethira columba (Trichoptera), Nais sp., Aeolosomatus niveum (Oligochaeta), and Austrocercella tillyardi (Plecoptera), which occurred in higher numbers downstream of the effluent discharge. Downstream of the effluent discharge the taxonomic composition of the invertebrate community was not altered substantially from that upstream, although there was a significant increase in the abundance of the taxa which could take advantage of the increased food resource. The changes in the invertebrate community were not evident 3.5 kilometres downstream of the effluent discharge, which corresponded to the return of phosphorus concentrations to background levels. There were increased abundances of several invertebrate taxa downstream of both Thredbo Village and the rubbish tip in January which were consistent with, but not as great as, those downstream of the sewage effluent discharge. This was likely to be a result of increased nutrient loads from urban runoff and tip leachate at these sites which possibly lead to increased algal productivity. However, nutrient concentrations at these sites were not notably higher than at the control site. The sewage effluent discharge resulted in only small changes to the invertebrate community in April or July 1983.

In the past ten years the emergence of studies in the area of effective schools has focused a good deal of attention on the role adopted by principals in the process of change. Few can deny the importance of this role in the development and implementation of new/changing curriculum statements. This is especially noticeable in schools that are part of a large 'centralised' system. This study is concerned with the role adopted by four principals in schools in Wollongong N.S.W. where a new syllabus in Writing K-6 was being implemented. It examined the implementation activities used and then focused specifically on the role adopted by the principal in that process.1 To enable the success or otherwise of the implementation activities to be identified, the C-BAM techniques developed by Hall, Hord et al were modified and used. The role adopted by each of the four principals was then considered in an effort to identify the contribution it made to the implementation activities. The findings suggest that the principal does play a significant role in Curriculum Implementation and that he/she needs additional skills and understandings to enable the process used to be successful. It is recommended that the C-BAM techniques would be one useful tool that principals could use.

According to architect Robin Boyd (1952 rev. ed. 1968), ʹthe Australian country house took its pattern, not directly from the English countryside, but second‐hand from the Australian cityʹ in the nineteenth century. This thesis explores the introduction of domestic architectural ideas in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area (LGA) from the 1840s to the 1890s, and concludes that Boydʹs premise, including his five principal plan types, applied in general, subject to regional geographical parameters. The Illawarra and South Coast districts dominated New South Wales dairy farming by the 1860s. The transfer of architectural ideas to the Shoalhaven LGA was facilitated by steam shipping lines from 1855, as the dominant vector, which provided access to the Sydney markets. Architectural development began with a masonry construction boom during the 1860s and 1870s, followed by a timber construction boom in the 1880s and 1890s. In the Ulladulla District development was influenced by local stonemasons and Sydney architects from the 1860s‐1870s, as well as regional developments in the Illawarra, which also influenced Kangaroo Valley in the 1870s. The Nowra Area, the administrative and commercial focus of the Shoalhaven District from 1870, was where architectural developments in timber and masonry were greatest, influenced by regional developments, Sydney architects and carpenters and builders of German origin and training. A local architectural grammar and style began to develop in the 1880s and 1890s, assisted by the railway, which arrived at Bomaderry near Nowra in 1893. However, the depression and drought of the 1890s resulted in a hiatus in construction, exacerbated by the First World War 1914‐1918, in common with the rest of New South Wales.

"October 2004" / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-243) / xvi, 243 leaves : ill. (col.), maps, plates ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, Discipline of Plant and Pest Science, 2004

Bibliography: leaves 137-151. / xiii, 151 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Ten soils from northern New South Wales, Australia, were sampled and assessed for their capacity to sorb arsenate (Asv) in relation to soil properties. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil Science, 1998

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2006. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 23, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-420).

This work falls into two major sections. After a brief introduction (chapter 1), a preliminary chapter describes the landscape and climate of Wales and the Marches and the limitations which they impose upon settlement and agriculture. The history and archaeology of the region is then summarised in five chapters which deal with Late Bronze Age and Iron Age society and economy (chapter 3), the Roman conquest (chapter 4), the Roman occupation and its effects (chapter 5), the Late Roman period and the Roman withdrawal (chapter 6) and the post- Roman period (chapter 7). In the second major section, six chapters discuss broader themes against this background. These themes are the density and growth of the population, the development of agriculture, non-agricultural aspects of the economy of the region, the changing patterns of settlement, the social organisation of the region and the systems of land tenure employed there. It is argued that the population of the region was relatively high throughout the period under study, and did not suffer a decline comparable with that postulated in post-Roman England (chapters 8, 14); tha the economy of the region was fundamentally rural and that urban development, foreign to the region, was only achieved under external pressures (chapters 9, 10); that the pattern of settlement expanded as a result of population pressures (chapter 11); that society was fundamentally conservative, retaining in the post-Roman period elements probably derived from the pre-Roman period, for instance the close dependence of status on the possession of a certain amount of landed property (chapters 12, 14), as a result of which the native elements in the land law limited the powers of the individual to alienate inherited land and stipulated an extended period for the acquisition of land (chapters 13, 14). Particular attention is paid throughout to the effects of the Roman occupation on the development of the region.

Scholarly work on the relationship between heritage and memory has largely neglected living memory (that is ‘everyday’ memories of lived experience). There is a common assumption that heritage fosters or maintains broader ‘collective’ memories (often referred to as social, public or cultural memories) in a linear sense, after living memory has lapsed. However, given the range of complex conceptualisations of ‘memory’ itself, there are inevitably multiple ways in which memory and heritage interact. This thesis argues that where heritage displays represent the recent past, the picture is more complex; that heritage narratives play a prominent role in the tussle between different layers of memory. Empirically, the research focuses on two prominent mining heritage sites; Big Pit coal mine in south Wales and Geevor tin mine in Cornwall. Industrial heritage sites are one of the few sorts of public historical representation where heritage narratives exist so closely alongside living memories of the social experiences they represent. The study more clearly models the relationship between heritage and memory by analysing three key components in relation to these sites; the process ‘heritagisation’, living memories and broader cultural memory. It is argued that heritagisation is a process in which dominant narratives of the past are socially constructed and reliant upon particular political, cultural and economic circumstances. In these cases, heritage discourses imposed particular senses of value in relation to the mining past, emphasising the more distant past and the inherent ‘historic’ value of the industry. Through oral history, the relationship between autobiographical memories and these dominant heritage narratives is then explored. The study finds that living memory provides a more complex, nuanced account of the past which both challenges and goes beyond fixed heritage representations. As such, the meeting of heritagisation and living memory creates a number of points of contest. However, heritagisation directly influences the construction of dominant cultural memory, suggesting that heritage narratives actively construct new ways of ‘remembering’ the past. In turn, while living memories are not ‘forgotten’, they are gradually bleached out, diluted or even subsumed by dominant cultural memory.

Les systèmes juridiques des démocraties libérales reposaient traditionnellement sur une séparation nette entre les fonctions répressives, de règlement des litiges privés, et l’activité administrative. L’Administration devait alors faire appel au juge répressif pour sanctionner la non-application de ses règlements. Les litiges privés étaient, eux, du seul ressort des tribunaux civils. Ces deux digues, élaborées afin de contenir l’action de l’État et inspirées par l’idée que la séparation des fonctions est le meilleur garant des libertés publiques, ont successivement cédé et le droit administratif s’aventure à présent dans des domaines qui lui ont été longtemps interdits. La doctrine de droit administratif, après avoir résisté fermement et s’être opposée ouvertement à ces évolutions, a fini par se résigner à l’attribution d’un pouvoir répressif propre à l’Administration et accepte désormais que « Le temps est définitivement révolu où la solennité des audiences judiciaires pouvait seule conduire le citoyen au châtiment »2. Le juge pénal n’a plus désormais le monopole de la répression et l’Administration cumule dorénavant les pouvoirs de réglementation et de répression. Mais qu’en est-il du juge civil ? Il semble bien que l’ouverture à la concurrence des grands services publics ait amené une innovation dans notre droit administratif puisque le législateur a doté des autorités administratives du pouvoir de résoudre des litiges privés pouvant aller jusqu’à forcer une entreprise privée à contracter. Le bel ordonnancement du droit gagné à force de luttes contre le pouvoir royal le cède aujourd’hui à de nouveaux agencements qui confient de nouvelles prérogatives à l’Administration.

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