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Habitat relationships of seven breeding bird species in the Leon River Watershed investigated at local scalesJuarez Berrios, Edwin Alfredo 17 February 2005 (has links)
Over the past 100150 years Texas rangelands have dramatically changed from native open savannahs to dense woodlands. On the Edwards plateau, a major management concern is the increasing encroachment of Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei). Preceding an anticipated brush management program, I investigated the presence, co-occurrence, and habitat relationships of 7 breeding bird species in the Leon River Watershed in central Texas, USA: black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapillus), golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia), northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus), Bells vireo (Vireo bellii), painted bunting (Passerina ciris), and brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). Vegetation characteristics were compared between sites occupied by each species and unoccupied sites using univariate analysis. Models for predicting species site occupancy were developed (using logistic regression) based on habitat characteristics correlated with the presence of each species. Two species of special concern, the endangered black-capped vireo and golden-cheeked warbler occupied 5.6% of sites and 13.8% of sites respectively, while the brood parasite brown-headed cowbird was the most widespread, occupying 86.8% of sites. Species co-occurrence patterns revealed significant associations between the golden-cheeked
warbler and each of 5 other species. For most species, variables included in habitat models could be explained by knowledge of species known habitat associations. For example, the black-capped vireo was positively associated with increasing low-growing (<1.5 m) hardwood cover and with Low Stony Hill ecological sites. The golden-cheeked warbler was positively associated with increasing density of larger juniper trees, increasing variability in vertical vegetation structure, and decreasing midstory canopy of deciduous nonoaks (e.g., cedar elm [Ulmus crasifolia]). It also preferred Low Stony Hill and Steep Adobe ecological sites. Site occupancy seemed to be driven by variables that describe overall vegetation structure. In particular, cover of low-growing non-juniper vegetation and juniper tree density appeared to be important in determining site occupancy for several species. Although the models constructed were not very robust, resource managers can still benefit from such models because they provide a preliminary examination of important controlling variables. Managing rangelands to maintain or restore a mosaic of juniper patches and open shrublands are likely to help meet the habitat requirements of these bird communities.
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Vliv kvality hnízda na reprodukční úspěšnost u rákosníka velkého / The effect of nest quality for breeding success in Great Reed WarblerJelínek, Václav January 2010 (has links)
Nests are key structures for the reproduction of majority of avian species and as such they should be subject to natural selection. Six hypotheses have been suggested to explain variance in avian nest size. In my master thesis I evaluate their validity in the Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). First two hypotheses describe responses of nest size to predation and brood parasitism. These two selection pressures may lead to the reduction of nest size, but no evidence of their impact on nest dimensions was obtained. However, I found a significant but negative relationship between the probability of nest predation and soft nest height. No such relationship was found between the probability of brood parasitism and nest size characteristics. The incidence of brood parasitism was affected only by nest visibility from the nearest cuckoo perch site and distance from open water. More visible nests suffered heavier parasitism while those located deeper in reed beds were better protected from cuckoo parasitism. Another four hypotheses describe selection pressures which favour large nests or some of their functional parts. The thermoregulatory hypothesis, the sexual display hypothesis and the nest support hypothesis did not explain nest size variation. I found support for the clutch size hypothesis,...
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Vliv UV složky spektra na odmítání parazitických vajec rákosníkem obecným (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) / The role of UV reflection in parasite egg rejection in reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus)Šulc, Michal January 2012 (has links)
One of the best ways how hosts may defend their clutch against brood parasitism is recognition and rejection of parasitic eggs. It has been documented that ability to percept UV light in birds affects their behaviour. By using a spectrophotometer we found that Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) eggs and Common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs differ mainly in brightness but also in UV hue. We investigated the influence of birds' UV vision on recognition and rejection of parasitic eggs. Therefore we performed three experiments to reveal the role of eggshell UV reflectance on egg rejection in this host. In the first experiment, we parasitized clutches with artificial white eggs differing only in UV reflectance (UV- and UV+). In the other two, we experimentally reduced UV reflectance from conspecific and host own eggs. We used a UV light blocker, which did not influence the reflectance shape in the other parts of spectra. As a control we used a group of conspecific and own eggs coated in Vaseline, which did not affect eggshell reflectance. In each experiment, we monitored host response to parasitic eggs. Because the Reed Warbler's eggs reflect UV radiation themselves, we expected that white UV- eggs would be rejected as well as the eggs coated in UV blocker at a higher rate than white UV+ eggs and...
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The Contribution of Agroforestry Systems to Bird Conservation in the AndesMcDermott, Molly E. 21 July 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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A Bird’s Eye View of the Forest: How Does Canopy Openness Affect Canopy Songbirds?Newell, Felicity L. 15 September 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Understanding Participation in Wildlife Conservation Programs on Private LandsSorice, Michael G. 14 January 2010 (has links)
One major lesson derived from the implementation of the Endangered Species
Act (ESA) over the past 30 years is that direct regulation is not the only nor the optimal
way to protect endangered species on working lands because of an undue burden
imposed on private landowners. The role of a voluntary conservation program is to
rearrange incentives so that society bears the cost rather than the landowner. Employing
a survey research methodology, I used theories of reasoned action and random choice to
explore landowners? stated preferences for conservation programs.
I found landowners? stated interest in compensation programs to be moderate at
best. For those willing to consider programs involving endangered species, associating
land management requirements for species conservation with direct benefits to the
landowner is important, but perhaps not as important as ensuring that the program
provides adequate financial incentives, consideration of the term of the program, and a
level of certainty regarding the landowner?s future obligations under the ESA.
Landowners are not a homogenous group. I identified two classes of landowners
according to preferences for program structure. One group was highly sensitive to
program structure, aside from financial incentives, while the other was likely to
participate if adequately compensated with financial and technical assistance. These
differences related to opinions on endangered species protection and dependence on their
land for income. Voluntary incentive programs increasingly are a popular tool to maintain and
enhance conservation; however, these programs are only successful insofar as
landowners choose to enroll. This research demonstrates that improving recovery efforts
on private lands requires program administrators to have a more complete understanding
of landowners? views on endangered species and conservation programs in general, as
well as their motivations for owning and operating their land. By doing so, programs
with broader appeal and greater efficacy can be designed and implemented.
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