The topic of this thesis is design of front-loading automatic washing machine and options to built-in installation and top panel removal. The thesis objective is to simplify and enhance control interface and make the interface ready for colour options. The thesis is divided to analytic portion and accompanying report. The analytic portion describes historical development, existing technical solutions and designs. The accompanying report describes design process since design alternatives evaluation. The final design itself consists of physical form, ergonomic, technical, colour and graphical solutions.

Este trabalho apresenta e compara alguns meios para o estudo do comportamento dinâmico de uma lavadora de roupas de eixo vertical durante o processo de extração de água das roupas, também conhecido como centrifugação. Os três métodos utilizados para estudar o comportamento dinâmico de uma lavadora de roupas de eixo vertical foram: analítico, experimental e simulação através de multicorpos. O interesse nesta etapa é devido ao fato dos problemas de vibração de uma lavadora ocorrerem principalmente durante a centrifugação. A modelagem de uma lavadora de roupas durante a etapa de centrifugação permite a obtenção de seu comportamento dinâmico bem como de suas principais características. Um outro tópico estudado neste trabalho foi o fenômeno de deslocamento da lavadora, um dos principais motivos de reclamação dos usuários de lavadoras de roupa automáticas. / This work presents and compares some ways to study the dynamic behavior of a vertical axis washing machine during the water extraction process, also called spinning stage. The three methodologies used to study the dynamic behavior of a vertical axis washing machine area: analytical, experimental and simulation using Multi Body System. The interest in this stage is due to the fact that the main vibration problems of an automatic washing machine occur in the spinning cycle. Since the unbalance force that causes the vibration problems is centrifugal in nature, this makes intuitive sense as the rotational speed of the basket is the largest during the spin extraction cycle. Thus, modeling the washing machine during the spinning cycle allow us to get its dynamic behavior as well as the main characteristics of this behavior. Another topic studied in this work was the walking phenomenon, the main complaint of the users.

In this thesis a finite element model of a household washing machine cylinder is built and analysed in ABAQUS 6.9-2. The aim is to help Asko appliances in conducting similar analysis for future manufacturing of high capacity cylinders by reducing experimentation. The analysis is mainly concerned with an evenly distributed load at a constant angular velocity. The load is applied with the help of lead plates instead of clothes. The cylinder is loaded with three thin (2 mm) lead plates weighing 2 kg each. The plates with dimensional 370x240x2 mm are mounted with one strip of double sided foam tape inside the cylinder. To estimate the behavior of the cylinder the strains are measured when the cylinder is rotating at 1620 and 2200 revolution per minute (rpm). To validate the model the numerical analyses are compared with experimental results. The results clearly show that the numerical strain values fit with experimental strain values.

Este trabalho apresenta e compara alguns meios para o estudo do comportamento dinâmico de uma lavadora de roupas de eixo vertical durante o processo de extração de água das roupas, também conhecido como centrifugação. Os três métodos utilizados para estudar o comportamento dinâmico de uma lavadora de roupas de eixo vertical foram: analítico, experimental e simulação através de multicorpos. O interesse nesta etapa é devido ao fato dos problemas de vibração de uma lavadora ocorrerem principalmente durante a centrifugação. A modelagem de uma lavadora de roupas durante a etapa de centrifugação permite a obtenção de seu comportamento dinâmico bem como de suas principais características. Um outro tópico estudado neste trabalho foi o fenômeno de deslocamento da lavadora, um dos principais motivos de reclamação dos usuários de lavadoras de roupa automáticas. / This work presents and compares some ways to study the dynamic behavior of a vertical axis washing machine during the water extraction process, also called spinning stage. The three methodologies used to study the dynamic behavior of a vertical axis washing machine area: analytical, experimental and simulation using Multi Body System. The interest in this stage is due to the fact that the main vibration problems of an automatic washing machine occur in the spinning cycle. Since the unbalance force that causes the vibration problems is centrifugal in nature, this makes intuitive sense as the rotational speed of the basket is the largest during the spin extraction cycle. Thus, modeling the washing machine during the spinning cycle allow us to get its dynamic behavior as well as the main characteristics of this behavior. Another topic studied in this work was the walking phenomenon, the main complaint of the users.

Nesta dissertação apresentaremos um m´método para detecção automática da quantidade de carga adicionada em uma lavadora de roupas para que esta possa adequar o seu nível de água e ciclo de lavagem. A máquina na qual este algoritmo foi desenvolvido é uma máquina de eixo vertical (abertura na parte de cima) e utiliza um motor síncrono trapezoidal (BPM do inglês Brushless Permanent Magnet). O algoritmo que será descrito aqui utiliza uma rede neural para inferir a quantidade de carga baseado em informações disponíveis nesta m´máquina como, corrente do motor, velocidade do cesto e tensão de alimentação, entre outros, essas informações estão disponíveis na maioria dos modelos de máquinas de lavar roupas que utilizam esse tipo de motor. A utilização de um algoritmo para detectar automaticamente e de forma precisa a quantidade de roupas é muito importante, pois dessa forma evita-se o desperdício de insumos e, principalmente, água no processo de lavagem. Além disso apresentaremos os resultados que mostram a diferença entre o uso da rede neural e o método linear chamado planejamento de experimento (DOE do inglês Design of Experiments). / In this dissertation a method for automatic load size detection will be presented, so the water level and the washing cycles can be chosen by a washing machine. The machine where this algorithm was developed is a top load washing machine that uses a brushless permanent magnet motor (BPM motor). The algorithm that is going to be described here uses a neural network to deduce the load size based on information available on this machine such as, motor current, basket speed, power supply voltage and others. These signals are available on most washing machines that uses this kind of motor. The use of an algorithm that detects automatically and precisely the load amount is very important in order to avoid the waste of soap, bleach and softner and, more importantly, water during the wash task. Moreover the use of the neural network will be compared with a linear methods called DOE (design of experiment). Finally, results showing the difference between both methods are presented.

This thesis focuses on the development of a novel Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme for permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors (surface and interior types) in the constant torque region with the help of cost-effective hall-effect sensors. This method requires no DC-link sensing, which is a mandatory matter in the conventional DTC drives, therefore it reduces the cost of a conventional DTC of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor and also removes common problems including; resistance change effect, low speed and integration drift. Conventional DTC drives require at least one DC-link voltage sensor (or two on the motor terminals) and two current sensors because of the necessary estimation of position, speed, torque, and stator flux in the stationary reference frame. Unlike the conventional DTC drive, the proposed method uses the rotor reference frame because the rotor position is provided by the three hall-effect sensors and does not require expensive voltage sensors. Moreover, the proposed algorithm takes the acceleration and deceleration of the motor and torque disturbances into account to improve the speed and torque responses. The basic theory of operation for the proposed topology is presented. A mathematical model for the proposed DTC of the PMSM topology is developed. A simulation program written in MATLAB/SIMULINK® is used to verify the basic operation (performance) of the proposed topology. The mathematical model is capable of simulating the steady-state, as well as dynamic response even under heavy load conditions (e.g. transient load torque at ramp up). It is believed that the proposed system offers a reliable and low-cost solution for the emerging market of DTC for PMSM drives. Finally the proposed drive, considering the constant torque region operation, is applied to the agitation part of a laundry washing machine (operating in constant torque region) for speed performance comparison with the current low-cost agitation cycle speed control technique used by washing machine companies around the world.

This thesis focuses on the development of a novel Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme for permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors (surface and interior types) in the constant torque region with the help of cost-effective hall-effect sensors. This method requires no DC-link sensing, which is a mandatory matter in the conventional DTC drives, therefore it reduces the cost of a conventional DTC of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor and also removes common problems including; resistance change effect, low speed and integration drift. Conventional DTC drives require at least one DC-link voltage sensor (or two on the motor terminals) and two current sensors because of the necessary estimation of position, speed, torque, and stator flux in the stationary reference frame. Unlike the conventional DTC drive, the proposed method uses the rotor reference frame because the rotor position is provided by the three hall-effect sensors and does not require expensive voltage sensors. Moreover, the proposed algorithm takes the acceleration and deceleration of the motor and torque disturbances into account to improve the speed and torque responses. The basic theory of operation for the proposed topology is presented. A mathematical model for the proposed DTC of the PMSM topology is developed. A simulation program written in MATLAB/SIMULINK® is used to verify the basic operation (performance) of the proposed topology. The mathematical model is capable of simulating the steady-state, as well as dynamic response even under heavy load conditions (e.g. transient load torque at ramp up). It is believed that the proposed system offers a reliable and low-cost solution for the emerging market of DTC for PMSM drives. Finally the proposed drive, considering the constant torque region operation, is applied to the agitation part of a laundry washing machine (operating in constant torque region) for speed performance comparison with the current low-cost agitation cycle speed control technique used by washing machine companies around the world.

Nesta dissertação apresentaremos um m´método para detecção automática da quantidade de carga adicionada em uma lavadora de roupas para que esta possa adequar o seu nível de água e ciclo de lavagem. A máquina na qual este algoritmo foi desenvolvido é uma máquina de eixo vertical (abertura na parte de cima) e utiliza um motor síncrono trapezoidal (BPM do inglês Brushless Permanent Magnet). O algoritmo que será descrito aqui utiliza uma rede neural para inferir a quantidade de carga baseado em informações disponíveis nesta m´máquina como, corrente do motor, velocidade do cesto e tensão de alimentação, entre outros, essas informações estão disponíveis na maioria dos modelos de máquinas de lavar roupas que utilizam esse tipo de motor. A utilização de um algoritmo para detectar automaticamente e de forma precisa a quantidade de roupas é muito importante, pois dessa forma evita-se o desperdício de insumos e, principalmente, água no processo de lavagem. Além disso apresentaremos os resultados que mostram a diferença entre o uso da rede neural e o método linear chamado planejamento de experimento (DOE do inglês Design of Experiments). / In this dissertation a method for automatic load size detection will be presented, so the water level and the washing cycles can be chosen by a washing machine. The machine where this algorithm was developed is a top load washing machine that uses a brushless permanent magnet motor (BPM motor). The algorithm that is going to be described here uses a neural network to deduce the load size based on information available on this machine such as, motor current, basket speed, power supply voltage and others. These signals are available on most washing machines that uses this kind of motor. The use of an algorithm that detects automatically and precisely the load amount is very important in order to avoid the waste of soap, bleach and softner and, more importantly, water during the wash task. Moreover the use of the neural network will be compared with a linear methods called DOE (design of experiment). Finally, results showing the difference between both methods are presented.

My dissertation deals with the progress of consumer society in the 60th of 20th century in the Czechoslovakia. At the beginning of my work i try to theory of consumer society, everydayness and the free time in czechoslovak society. My aim is equipment of electric apparatus in the families and their importance for women's work in households. Especially I reply the questions, where and how the apparatus were sold, how was the quality of them and how much apparatus saved women's jobs. I analyse the availability of those apparatus for consumers/users. I compare amount, prices and design of home appliances in Czechoslovakia and abroad. My dissertation is based on the fact that in 60th of 20th century was very big increase of refrigerators, automatic washing machines, irons, hoovers, hairdryers, televisions and next smaller home appliances. I compare this growth with countries of Western Europe. My dissertation is based on studium of specialized monographs, articles and studies of czech and english provenance. But I also use the unpublished sources of institucional and personal characters (Archive of the National Technical Museum, the National Museum Archive

This thesis is devided into two parts. First part is a bibliographic search and speaks about maths modeling, simulations, a MATLAB Simulink programme, and a laundy process. Second part deals with a math model of an industrial laundry. In this part, there is a detailed descripton of the model and how the model was created.