A handheld InfraRed (IR) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas detector was developed and used to carry out a study of water and urine samples in South Africa. The details of the model and the results of the study are discussed here. The overseas markets are not geared for the current South African conditions. Use is made of components that can be obtained locally. Imported components are very expensive and should an imported model be damaged, it has to be returned overseas to be repaired. As an illustration of this technology it was decided to perform research in water technology and then develope a handheld Infrared CO2 gas detector based prototype which would: highlight the benefits of using handheld IR CO2 gas detectors; be built locally; be powered by a 12 Volt supply; be very easy to maintain; and be cost effective. Experimental results on the accuracy and stability of the instrument formed part of this study. The IR CO2 Gas detector that was developed was used throughout the project as a prototype and testing vehicle for numerous designs. It proved to be superior to the current imported commercial instruments in terms of size, cost effectiveness and user friendliness. A further advantage of the instrument is its robustness.

Flocculation has been widely adopted as one of the most effective methods to remove colloidal particles in water or wastewater treatment. Synthetic flocculants are conventionally used because of their high flocculating efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, they have been reported to have hazardous properties and implicated in some serious health problems including senile dementia and neuro-toxicity, as well as being recalcitrant in the environment. Consequently, efforts are being geared away from the use of synthetic flocculants in water and wastewater treatment. Hence, the need for safe and eco-friendly flocculants has become imperative. Compared with synthetic flocculants, bioflocculants have special advantages such as safety, biodegradability and harmlessness to the environment and humans; attributes which make them potential alternatives in water treatment, downstream as well as fermentation processes. In the current study, the potentials of bacterial isolates recovered from Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa for bioflocculant production were investigated. The bacterial isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as belonging to the Bacillus genus. The analysis of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) nucleotide sequence of isolate M72 showed 99 percent similarity to Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112 and was deposited in the GenBank as Bacillus toyonensis strain AEMREG6 with accession number KP406731. Likewise, the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences of isolates M69 and M67 showed 98 percent sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7 and Bacillus algicola strain QD43 respectively; and M67 isolate was subsequently deposited in the GenBank as Bacillus sp. AEMREG7 with accession number KF933697.1. The results of the nutritional requirements and fermentation conditions revealed that optimum inoculum size for REG-6 production was 4 percent (v/v), while 5 percent (v/v) and 3 percent (v/v) were most favourable for MBF-W7 and MBF-UFH production respectively. Glucose was the best carbon source for the production of bioflocculants (REG-6 and MBF-UFH) by Bacillus toyonensis AEMREG6 and Bacillus sp. AEMREG7 respectively, while maltose supported optimum bioflocculant (MBF-W7) production by Bacillus specie. Inorganic nitrogen (NH4NO3) was the favoured nitrogen source for both REG-6 and MBF-W7 production, while mixed nitrogen sources [yeast extract + urea + (NH4)2SO4] supported the maximum production of MBF-UFH. The initial medium pH for REG-6 was 5, while MBF-W7 and MBF-UFH were both maximally produced at the initial pH of 6. After a 96 h cultivation period under optimal culture conditions, 3.2 g of purified REG-6 with a maximum flocculating activity of 77 percent was recovered from 1 L fermented broth of Bacillus toyonensis AEMREG6. Yields of 3.8 g and 1.6 g pure bioflocculants with the respective highest flocculating activities of 94.9 percent and 83.2 percent were also obtained from 1 L, 72 h-fermented broths of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus sp. AEMREG7 respectively. Furthermore, all the three bioflocculants (REG-6, MBF-W7 and MBF-UFH), displayed thermal stability within the temperature range of 50 to 100 oC, with strong flocculating activities of over 80 percent against kaolin suspension over a wide range of pH range (3–11) and relatively low dosage requirements of 0.1-03 mg/ml in the presence of divalent cations in the treatment of kaolin clay suspension and Thyme River waters. Chemical composition analyses of the bioflocculants showed them to be glycoproteins with a predominantly polysaccharide backbones as shown by the following carbohydrate/protein (w/w) ratios: 77.8 percent:11.5 percent (REG-6); 73.7 percent:6.2 percent (MBF-W7) and 76 percent:14 percent (MBF-UFH).

Green roof technology is becoming increasingly more popular in the U.S. as it provides several economical, sociological, and ecological benefits to urban environments. One specific advantage a vegetated rooftop is known to provide is its ability to retain water and release it at reduced rates. However, with increased interest in these systems, concerns regarding their influence on water quality have been raised. Green roofs can be complex systems and the degree to which water quality might be affected may be related to green roof construction and components within. To answer questions regarding green roof influence on metal contaminants in storm water runoff, a field study and a related laboratory study were designed to investigate potential impacts these systems may have on water quality with respect to heavy metals and some micronutrients. Overall, results obtained for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn content observed in leachate collected from the constructs and media treatments from a green roof field study do not indicate that green roofs are a significant source of heavy metal and micronutrient contaminants in urban stormwater runoff and that planted Green Roof BlocksTM release less or the same metal content as planted built-in-place models. Elemental concentrations determined in effluent collected from treatments in the field study were collected for four rain events (June 28, 2007, October 18, 2007, February 4, 2008, and April 11, 2008) and compared to IEPA effluent standards to assess whether or not there were any negative impacts on water quality. Treatments for this portion of the investigation were empty built-in-place models (controls), planted and non-planted Arkalyte media at depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm in built-in place models, planted and non-planted commercial and potential green roof media in Green Roof BlocksTM. With the exception of excess Zn levels in collected effluent from the planted 10 cm treatments in October and the planted 5 cm treatments in February as well as the elevated Fe content in leachate obtained from planted glass media in October, metal concentration in effluent acquired from planted treatments were below effluent standards. Also determined to be above IEPA standards in October were Cu, Fe, and Pb measured in effluent obtained from non-planted glass media. The laboratory portion of this investigation evaluated several commercially-available substrates, bottom ash, lava rock, and composted pine bark to determine the total acid extractable and plant exchangeable content of eight elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). In addition to this, effluent collected from planted and non-planted treatments using these substrates incorporated with 20% composted pine bark were examined over a course of three leaching events. While all elements examined were observed to be within levels normally found in soils, results from the total acid extractable experiments demonstrate large variation in metal concentration with each substrate and composted pine bark. With the exception of total extractable Cd, there were differences in concentrations for the remaining total acid extractable metals between the substrates and amendment tested. An artificial leaching study was conducted in the phytotron at Southern Illinois University Carbondale and consisted of eight repetitions of planted in addition to eight repetitions of non-planted pots containing known volumes of 20 % composted pine bark blended with Arkalyte, Haydite, Lassenite, Axis, bottom ash, Axis + bottom ash, and lava which were subsequently leached over three separate leaching events. Collected effluent was evaluated for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn content as well as volume of water displaced as a function of planting treatment, number of times leached, and substrate type. Metal content in the leachates were typically an order of magnitude lower than values obtained from the batch studies, and the planting, substrate, and leaching interactions varied for each metal with Pb being the most complex. The volume of water displaced upon leachate collection increased across all substrates as a function of leaching event.

Agriculture is currently the leading cause of stream impairment in the United States. As the population continues to grow as well as the demand for biofuels, more pressure is being exerted on land to produce greater quantities of food. To satisfy the need for increased production marginal forest and grasslands have been converted to agriculture, fertilizers and equipment have rapidly evolved, and land has been taken out of conservation programs. Unfortunately, water quality impairment often accompanies these efforts to increase crop production. To reduce the impacts of agriculture on water quality, best management practices (BMPs) have been developed and tested at the field scale, with fewer studies focusing on the effects of agricultural land cover and BMPs (e.g., riparian buffers) on water quality at the watershed scale. Thus, a study was designed to assess the effects of riparian buffers and agricultural land cover on water quality at the watershed scale. Within Richland and Silver Creek watersheds, tributaries of the Lower Kaskaskia River Watershed in Illinois, forty-three catchments ranging from 12 to 50 km2 were selected across an agricultural to urban land cover gradient. Between January 18, 2008 and August 3, 2009, grab samples were collected twice a month during the wet portion of the year and once a month during the dry portion of the year and analyzed for nutrients (ammonium, nitrate, and orthophosphate), bacteria (total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli), and total suspended solids (TSS). Correlation analyses were performed on the data to determine relationships between the water quality variables, whole-catchment land cover (agriculture, forest, and urban), and percent forest canopy cover within 50 m of the stream using two different stream layers (National Hydrologic Dataset (NHD), and Flow Accumulation Boundaries (FAB)). Also, riparian buffer characteristics were quantified in headwater streams to determine if they were more highly correlated with water quality variables than in larger order streams. The percent of agricultural land cover within a watershed was significantly correlated with TSS (r = 0.4556, p = 0.0021) and ammonium-N (r = 0.3043, p = 0.0473) during baseflow, and TSS (r = 0.2837, p = 0.0652), ammonium-N (r = 0.5306, p = 0.0003), nitrate-N (r = 0.2654, p = 0.0854), and orthophosphate (r = 0.3783, p = 0.0124) during stormflow. Total amount of enrolled Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land within Richland Creek and Silver Creek watersheds were found not to be correlated with water quality. A possible reason for these results could be because only a very small percent of lands in Richland Creek and Silver Creek were enrolled in CRP. Whole-catchment land cover in most cases explained more variance than percent forest canopy cover within 50 m of streams for the water quality parameters analyzed. There were only slight differences between the two stream layers (NHD and FAB). However, the headwater streams of the FAB stream layer explained more variance in critical water quality parameters, ammonium-N (r = -0.5309, p = 0.002) during baseflow and ammonium-N (r = -0.6107 p <0.0001), and orthophosphate (r = -0.5273 p = 0.0003) during stormflow. Having an understanding of the impacts that riparian buffers and headwater streams have on water quality is key for watershed managers to focus restoration efforts in the most critical areas for maintaining stream quality.

Bacterial concentrations in natural sea water were significantly reduced by 5ptm filtration and subsequent treatment with ozone and UV light led to further reductions in total viable counts of bacteria and autoclaving water gave complete sterility. However, with the addition of artificial diets, such treated water was recolonised very rapidly and within 24h, these water samples had significantly higher bacteria counts than the 5pm filtered sea water treatment (f = 21.30; p<0.001). Further treatment of 5ýtrn filtered sea water also led to changes in the bacterial composition of the water. In ozonated and UV light irradiated water samples, the proportions of presumptive Vibrid sp. increased in the 24h following treatment while in 5ýLm filtered and natural sea water samples, the proportions of presumptive Vibrid sp. fell over the same period. When Penaeus indicus PZ1 stage larvae were reared to PI-1 stage in 5lam filtered sea water, good larval survival was obtained irrespective of whether live or microencapsulated artificial diets were fed. In contrast, larvae raised in autoclaved, ozonated and UV light irradiated water exhibited significantly lower survival when raised on live diets and often showed complete mortalities when fed on microencapsulated diets. In periods of poor sea water quality, additions of bacteria from algal cultures to PZ1 stage larvae fed algae had no effect on larval survival to M1 stage for larvae reared in 5gm filtered sea water or autoclaved water. In contrast, additions of these bacteria to larvae reared in 5pm filtered sea water and fed on MED, led to a significant increase in larval survival. This effect was absent when larvae were reared in autoclaved water. Addition of bacteria from algal cultures were found to inhibit counts of presumed viable Vibrid sp. while having no effects on total viable counts. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of soluble protein leached from microencapsulated diets and micro particulate diets when incubated up to 48h in bacterial laden and sterile water indicating that leaching is independent of microbial activity up to 48h. However broken microcapsules gave higher total viable bacterial counts over 48h in 5ýtm filtered sea water when compared with intact microcapsules. Significant levels of protection were conferred on larvae when either fresh or freeze-dried vaccines were administered by Immersion, but not when such vaccines were administered orally. The degree of protection offered was correlated with the virulence of the pathogen from which the vaccine was made. Enhanced protection given by vaccines produced from the more virulent strains was not wholly due to activation of the prophenoloxidase system since such vaccines induced less stimulation of the prophenoloxidase system than less virulent strains. Untreated plasma of Penaeus vannamei significantly enhanced Escherichia coli growth compared with sea water nutrient medium. In contrast, plasma from vaccinated prawns exhibited antibacterial activity detectable up to 7d after vaccination. Exposure to a mixture of fungicides Implicated in the initiation of the taura syndrome disease (TS), had no effects on the immune competence of P. indicus juveniles following live, in vivo pathogenic challenge. In addition, no effects on growth, growth rates, moulting rates or survival of postlarval and early juvenile prawns were observed following exposure to the fungicides. Prawns exhibited no gross or histopathological symptoms characteristic of TS.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gama_nmsq_dr_jab.pdf: 724899 bytes, checksum: 04590f244015497a275594b6f685ba26 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Para as aves, a água é o nutriente essencial mais importante, sendo responsável pela maioria das funções do organismo. Em 2004 avaliou-se a qualidade da água utilizada em 20 granjas de postura comercial de Bastos/SP, Brasil, colhendo-se amostras dos poços, reservatórios e galpões. Nas amostras dos poços determinou-se a concentração de alumínio, cálcio, chumbo, cloro, cobre, enxofre, ferro, fósforo, magnésio, nitrito, potássio, selênio, sódio, sulfatos, zinco, pH e dureza. Nas amostras colhidas nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, realizaram-se as contagens de coliformes totais e fecais, estreptococos fecais, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e pesquisou-se Escherichia coli , Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida. A dureza da água de 35% das propriedades apresentou valores entre 60 - 110 mg CaCO3/L, em 45% o pH foi =6 e nenhuma apresentou pH >8. Entre as propriedades 50% apresentaram níveis de NO3-N =3 mg/L. Para todos os microrganismos pesquisados, o galpão de aves apresentou as maiores taxas de amostras positivas nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, ocorrendo a diminuição da % de isolamento no período de estiagem. A contagem bacteriana foi maior nas amostras de água do galpão, nos dois períodos de colheita. No reservatório, após a adição de cloro à água, o número de coliformes totais diminuiu e não houve detecção de coliformes fecais, estreptococos fecais e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Em nenhuma das 440 amostras de água analisadas, nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, foram detectadas Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida. / Water is considered the most important essential nutrient, for chickens, being responsible for most of the organism functions. In 2004, the quality of the water used in 20 laying hens farms from Bastos/SP, Brazil, was tested, picking samples from wells, water tanks and laying hens house. It was determinated in the well-water samples the concentration of aluminum, calcium, lead, chlorine, copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, nitrate, nitrite, potassium, selenium, sodium sulfate, zinc, pH and strength. In the water samples, collected in the rainy and dry seasons, were counted the total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was done the research of Escherichia coli , Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida. The strengths values of 35% of the farms was between 60-110 mg CaCO3/L, in 45%, the pH was =6 and no farms presented pH >8. Among the farms 50% presented levels of NO3-N =3. For all microorganism researched, the laying hens house presented the higher taxes of positives samples during the rainy or dry seasons, occurring a reduction of isolation taxes in the dry season. Both periods of collection the number of total coliforms; fecal coliforms; streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was higher in the samples from the laying hens houses. In the water tank, after chlorine addiction to the water, the number of total and fecal coliforms decreased and there wasn't detection of fecal streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In none of the 440 water samples analyzed, in the rainy nor in the dry seasons, Salmonella sp and Pasteurella multocida were detected.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_sg_me_jabo.pdf: 750724 bytes, checksum: 41359e51b93ce3b86968501194e8f40a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nessa dissertação avaliou-se o efeito das macrófitas Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth e Salvinia auriculata Aublet na comunidade planctônica e na qualidade da água do viveiro usado para abastecimento de água para aquicultura. Foram estabelecidos 6 pontos de coleta no viveiro, 3 próximos as entradas de água e laterais, um na região central e dois nas saídas, onde foram analisadas variáveis físicas, químicas, microbiológicas e planctônicas da água. Para análise das macrófitas e das comunidades associadas foram estabelecidos 2 pontos próximos as saídas de água. E. azurea apresentou maior aplicabilidade como filtro biológico neste sistema de abastecimento. O sistema estudado sofre influência direta da precipitação, da fauna local e da ausência de manejo no entorno do viveiro. Na estação seca a qualidade da água foi adequada ao abastecimento, porém, durante a estação chuvosa a água ficou comprometida. O maior desenvolvimento do plâncton ocorreu durante a estação seca, na qual o baixo fluxo de água permitiu maior colonização por algumas espécies, sobressaindo em abundância e frequência organismos que caracterizam água adequada para o abastecimento, todavia, alguns grupos evidenciam que o viveiro está em processo de eutrofização. Recomenda-se o controle do material alóctone proveniente da área de produção agropecuária e dos animais do entorno deste viveiro que comprometem a qualidade da água e, a manutenção das macrófitas neste local / Current dissertation evaluated the effect of the macrophytes Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth and Salvinia auriculata Aublet within the plankton community and in the water quality of the pond used for the water supply to aquaculture. Six collection sites were established in the pond, or rather, three were close to the water entry and its sides: one at the central region and two at the outlets, where physical, chemical, microbiological and planktonic parameters of the water were analyzed. Two sites at the water outlet were established for the analysis of macrophytes and of associated communities. E. azurea was a highly efficient biological filter within the supply system. Analyzed system was directly affected by rainfall, local fauna and lack of management around the pond. Although water quality during the dry season was adequate for supply, during the rainy season water worsened. The highest plankton development occurred during the dry season: a low water flow favored higher colonization of some species, with special reference to the abundance and frequency of organisms that characterize adequate supply water. However, the presence of other groups evidence that the pond was in a process of eutrophication. Control of allochthonous material originating from the area, featuring animal, agricultural and cattle-raising production around the pond and introduced in it with the subsequent deterioration of water quality and the maintenance of macrophytes, is recommended

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 perezortega_dj_me_ilha.pdf: 1979268 bytes, checksum: 8275f65f052f56b563cdbc0088364e16 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O impacto das atividades antrópicas começa com o uso da terra e sua forte influência sobre a qualidade ambiental, na qual suas interações e influências nos corpos de água são causadas pela pressão e ocupação do espaço, criando uma modelagem da paisagem de natureza antrópica. Para entender essas influências precisam se de indicadores que quantifiquem os efeitos do desequilíbrio nos ecossistemas e as interações dos respectivos componentes de uma bacia. A agricultura é uma das atividades antrópicas mais impactantes nos ecossstemas naturais, isto faz com que na zona de estudo predominem paisagem de campos cultivados de cana de açúcar reduzindo ao mínimo a mata ciliar. A qualidade da água é um excelente indicador para testar os efeitos antrópicos e com base nos parâmetros analisados (IQA), observou-se que o Córrego do Ipê no Ponto 2, situado no meio urbano, obteve os piores resultados, pelas concentrações de cargas orgânicas, medidas através da DBO, coliformes e elevados teores de nutrientes. Alguns dados preocupantes a ter em conta são; a diminuição da mata ciliar em 7% em relação ao ano de 2002, o aumento na turbidez, e ligeiro aumento do pH nos últimos anos, o teor de OD sofreu uma diminuição drástica, o que indica a permanência de poluição por despejos de origem doméstica. A DQO aumentou em 5,71 mg/L, o Fósforo e Nitrogênio Total baixaram seus teores, assim como os coliformes termotolerantes, embora ainda se observe contaminação do corpo hídrico por estes nutrientes e organismos. As médias de Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) do ano 2002 e 2011 respectivamente foram 49,5 e 46,8. A poluição no Córrego do Ipê aumentou um 5,5% em relação aos últimos 9 anos transcorridos. De acordo com o cálculo do Índice de Transformação Antrópica (ITA), a classificação... / The impact of anthropogenic activities begins with the land use and its strong influence on environmental quality, in which their interactions and influences on water bodies are caused by pressure and occupation of space, creating a landscape modeling of anthropogenic nature. To understand these influences need to be indicators that quantify the effects of disturbance in ecosystems and interactions of components of a watershed. Agriculture is one of the most striking anthropogenic activities on natural us ecosystems, this makes the study area dominate the landscape of cultivated fields of sugar cane by minimizing the riparian forest. Water quality is an excellent indicator to test the anthropogenic effects and with based on the parameters analyzed (WQI), it was observed that the stream of Ipê in the Point 2, located in urban areas had the poorest results, by the concentrations of organic, loads as measured by the BOD, coliforms and high nutrient content. Some worrying data to take into account are: the reduction of riparian vegetation in 7% compared to 2002, the increase in turbidity, pH and a slight increase in recent years, the amount of OD has decreased dramatically, which indicates the permanence of Pollution by Dumping of domestic origin. The COD increased by 5.71 mg / L, Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus lowered their levels, as well as fecal coliform, although still observed contamination of the water body for these nutrients and organisms. Mean Water Quality Index (WQI) in 2002 and 2011 were respectively 49.5 and 46.8. Pollution in a Stream of Ipê increased 5.5% over the last nine years have elapsed. According to the calculation of the Index of Anthropogenic Transformation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000741468.pdf: 3336715 bytes, checksum: 3d0d587faca3b6b3ac6b4bf7a63e5b0a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho buscou-se avaliar as influências naturais e antrópicas na qualidade da água subterrânea na área urbana de Bauru, interior do Estado de São Paulo. Para tal, foram selecionados 24 pontos de amostragem de águas subterrâneas no Aquífero Adamantina, Sistema Aquífero Bauru, analisando-se os seguintes parâmetros: condutividade elétrica, temperatura, pH, HCO3, PO42-, Cl, F, N-No3, Ca2+, Na, K+, Mg2+, Si4+, Fe3+ e Al3+. Os resultados indicaram que as águas subterrâneas na área urbana de Bauru possuem pH ligeiramente ácido e baixa condutividade, com sua composição iônica apresentado baixa concentração de cátions e ânions, sendo elas classificadas como moles ou moderadamente duras e biocarbonatadas cálcicas. As fontes naturais de elementos/compostos podem ser atribuídas a dissolução dos carbonatos, durante o processo de interação água/rocha, controlando o pH, alcalinidade, condutividade elétrica e hidrólise dos demais minerais constituintes das rochas sedimentares da Formação Adamantina, com exeção do quartzo. As elevadas concentrações N-NO-3 encontradas em alguns poços de abastecimento público na área urbana de Bauru são originadas devido às atividades antrópicas, oriundas do esgotamento sanitário / This work evaluated the natural and anthropogenic influences in the quality of groundwater in the urban area of Bauru, São Paulo State. Twenty four sampling points were established in the Adamantina Aquifer, Bauru Aquifer System, analyzing the following parameters: electrical conductivity, temperature, pH, HCO3, PO42-, Cl, F, N-No3, Ca2+, Na, K+, Mg2+, Si4+, Fe3+ e Al3+. The results indicated that the groundwaters in the urban area of Bauru posses pH slightly acid and low conductivity, with the ionic composition presents low cations and anions concentration, being they classified as soft water and calcium-bicarbonated. Natural sources of elements/compounds can be attributed to the dissolution of carbonates during the water/rock interaction, controlling pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity and hydrolysis of other mineral constituents of sedimentary rocks from Adamantina Formation, with the exception of quartz. High concentration of N-NO3 found in some public supply wells in urban Bauru originated due to sewage

Orientador: Sérgio Luís de Carvalho / Banca: Elizete Aparecida Checon de Freitas Lima / Banca: Maria Jose Alencar Vilela / Resumo: O impacto das atividades antrópicas começa com o uso da terra e sua forte influência sobre a qualidade ambiental, na qual suas interações e influências nos corpos de água são causadas pela pressão e ocupação do espaço, criando uma modelagem da paisagem de natureza antrópica. Para entender essas influências precisam se de indicadores que quantifiquem os efeitos do desequilíbrio nos ecossistemas e as interações dos respectivos componentes de uma bacia. A agricultura é uma das atividades antrópicas mais impactantes nos ecossstemas naturais, isto faz com que na zona de estudo predominem paisagem de campos cultivados de cana de açúcar reduzindo ao mínimo a mata ciliar. A qualidade da água é um excelente indicador para testar os efeitos antrópicos e com base nos parâmetros analisados (IQA), observou-se que o Córrego do Ipê no Ponto 2, situado no meio urbano, obteve os piores resultados, pelas concentrações de cargas orgânicas, medidas através da DBO, coliformes e elevados teores de nutrientes. Alguns dados preocupantes a ter em conta são; a diminuição da mata ciliar em 7% em relação ao ano de 2002, o aumento na turbidez, e ligeiro aumento do pH nos últimos anos, o teor de OD sofreu uma diminuição drástica, o que indica a permanência de poluição por despejos de origem doméstica. A DQO aumentou em 5,71 mg/L, o Fósforo e Nitrogênio Total baixaram seus teores, assim como os coliformes termotolerantes, embora ainda se observe contaminação do corpo hídrico por estes nutrientes e organismos. As médias de Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) do ano 2002 e 2011 respectivamente foram 49,5 e 46,8. A poluição no Córrego do Ipê aumentou um 5,5% em relação aos últimos 9 anos transcorridos. De acordo com o cálculo do Índice de Transformação Antrópica (ITA), a classificação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The impact of anthropogenic activities begins with the land use and its strong influence on environmental quality, in which their interactions and influences on water bodies are caused by pressure and occupation of space, creating a landscape modeling of anthropogenic nature. To understand these influences need to be indicators that quantify the effects of disturbance in ecosystems and interactions of components of a watershed. Agriculture is one of the most striking anthropogenic activities on natural us ecosystems, this makes the study area dominate the landscape of cultivated fields of sugar cane by minimizing the riparian forest. Water quality is an excellent indicator to test the anthropogenic effects and with based on the parameters analyzed (WQI), it was observed that the stream of Ipê in the Point 2, located in urban areas had the poorest results, by the concentrations of organic, loads as measured by the BOD, coliforms and high nutrient content. Some worrying data to take into account are: the reduction of riparian vegetation in 7% compared to 2002, the increase in turbidity, pH and a slight increase in recent years, the amount of OD has decreased dramatically, which indicates the permanence of Pollution by Dumping of domestic origin. The COD increased by 5.71 mg / L, Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus lowered their levels, as well as fecal coliform, although still observed contamination of the water body for these nutrients and organisms. Mean Water Quality Index (WQI) in 2002 and 2011 were respectively 49.5 and 46.8. Pollution in a Stream of Ipê increased 5.5% over the last nine years have elapsed. According to the calculation of the Index of Anthropogenic Transformation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre