A digital statistical watthour meter which operates by polarity-coincidence correlation is proposed. The output represents a continuously 'up-dated', time-multiplied estimate of the current and voltage cross-correlation function for zero delay. In previous correlators of this type, bounded uniformly-distributed random noise has been added to each input before clipping to linearize the input/output correlation function relationship. In the work reported here, the noise sources have been replaced by deterministic triangular wave generators. These have the advantage of being much simpler to construct and of enabling the statistical watthour meter to produce an acceptable estimate of the energy (for certain types of inputs) more quickly than with the former type of auxiliary function generator. An attempt has been made to predict the performance of the device using deterministic auxiliary functions by means of both analogue and digital computer simulations„ A prototype has also been constructed and tested with d-c and a-c inputs. The results of the simulations and prototype tests suggest that, if the meter electronics were refined and constructed for the most part as an integrated circuit, the statistical watthour meter could become a practical energy-measuring device in domestic, industrial and laboratory applications. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Jose Antonio Siqueira Dias / Acompanha 1 CD-R / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T09:20:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_PauloHenriquedeOliveira_M.pdf: 1347912 bytes, checksum: 86c17d3e935cd0c95c11539e4590d844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O aumento da poluição nos grandes centros urbanos tem levado a uma busca incessante de soluções tecnológicas para a substituição dos veículos com motor a combustão por outra fonte de energia, sendo que os veículos elétricos têm se apresentado como uma das alternativas mais promissoras para um futuro próximo. Entretanto, um dos problemas a resolver na utilização de veículos puramente elétricos é o abastecimento (recarga das baterias) nas ruas. Neste trabalho é apresentado o projeto, desenvolvimento e implementação de um protótipo de um ponto de fornecimento de energia elétrica pré-paga usando cartões indutivos. O protótipo desenvolvido operou dentro das especificações e normas aplicáveis ao setor de medida de energia elétrica. Outras aplicações para este equipamento estão sendo estudadas, como por exemplo na venda de energia elétrica para residências de baixa renda. / Abstract: The increasing in pollution caused by combustion engines in large cities has motivated the search for new technologies to replace these engines, and the electrical vehicle is a promissing alternative in the near future. However, one of the problems that remains to be solved is charging these vehicles in the streets. This works presents the design, development and implementation of a pre-paid point of sale of electrical energy equipment which uses inductive cards. The developed prototype meets the specifications and rules of the Brazilian electrical sector for the energy meters. Other applications for this pre-paid energy meter are being considered, as, for example, in selling pre-paid energy to low. / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Elnatan Chagas Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bacurau_RodrigoMoreira_M.pdf: 7520389 bytes, checksum: 2e88cad485dbbbdbd306a531c0ed2298 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de um módulo medidor de energia residencial capaz de medir, além do consumo de energia total, os parâmetros elétricos necessários para a discriminação de consumo de energia por aparelho. Também é apresentado um levantamento de quais parâmetros elétricos derivados das curvas de tensão e corrente são úteis para a definição de assinatura de cargas residenciais. Os resultados dos experimentos realizados indicaram a potência ativa, a potência reativa, o fator de potência, a tensão e corrente eficazes e as cinco primeiras harmônicas ímpares do sinal de corrente como os parâmetros mais adequados para uso em sistemas não intrusivos para identificação de consumo por aparelho. Graças a técnicas de programação e decisões de projeto acertadas, foi possível desenvolver um módulo medidor de alta precisão e baixo custo, usando um microcontrolador simples e de baixo consumo. Este módulo é capaz de calcular todas as grandezas elétricas supramencionadas a frequência de 46 Hz. Os valores de tensão, corrente, fator de potência, potência ativa e potência aparente apresentaram erros inferiores a 0,3% (para cargas resistivas). O erro nas componentes harmônicas do sinal de corrente foi de 0,03% para a componente fundamental, 0,58% para a 3ª harmônica, 3,69% para a 5ª harmônica, 6,63% para a 7ª harmônica e 11,81% para a 9ª harmônica. O medidor desenvolvido será usado no projeto "Sistema Inteligente de Gestão Energética para Unidades Consumidoras de Baixa Tensão" o qual consistirá em um sistema completo de gestão de consumo de energia residencial / Abstract: We present in this project the development of a residential power meter module capable of measuring besides the total energy consumption, the electrical parameters needed for power consumption breakdown. We also present a study of which electrical features derived from current and voltage waveforms are more adequate to define signatures of residential loads. The experimental results indicated that the active power, reactive power, power factor, voltage, current and the first five odd harmonics of the current signal are good parameters to use in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Systems - NILM. Thanks to the use of advanced programming techniques and right design decisions, we developed, using a simple microcontroller, a high-precision, low-power and low cost smart meter. This module is capable to calculate all electrical parameters above mentioned at 46 Hz frequency. The voltage, current, power factor active and apparent power presented errors lower than 0.3% for resistive loads. The error in the harmonics of the current signal was 0.03% for the fundamental harmonic, 0.58% for the 3rd harmonic, 3.69% for the 5th harmonic, 6.63% for the 7th harmonic and 11.81% for the 9th harmonic. The smart meter presented here will be used in a larger project entitled "Intelligent Energy Management System for Consumer Units Low Voltage" which consists of a complete management system of residential energy consumption / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The events of September 11, 2001, seemed to many to presage the end of the skyscraper as an urban form. Some 15 years later, the skyscraper is more prevalent than ever before, owing to its unique advantages over other building forms in an urban, environmental, and sociological context. Skyscrapers are rising ever higher, pushing the limits of architecture and engineering. In 2001 there were 23 buildings over 1,000 feet in height. As of this writing there are 173 buildings over 1,000 feet completed or under construction, with 300 more in various phases of proposal. Despite their enormous initial cost in both capital and energy, the skyscraper maximizes the use of constricted urban space and provides enormous opportunities for technological and sociological innovation which, despite more that 100 years of skyscraper construction, are only just beginning to be realized. This thesis will explore a number of as-yet unrealized possibilities for skyscraper development to prognosticate and articulate future typologies designed to address increasing problems of energy efficiency, population density and disaster preparedness. As the human population grows, and more people move to the cities, larger and larger buildings will be necessary to house them at densities sufficient to ensure energy efficiency and minimize sprawl. The skyscraper is uniquely suited to meet these demands. / Master of Architecture