This research explores a new way of enhancing audience experience in film entertainment, presenting the design and implementation of a wearable prototype system that uses haptic sensations to intensify moods in lm music. The aim of this work is to enrich the musical experience of film audiences and might also have implications on the hearing-impaired, providing them with a new enhanced emotional experience while watching a movie. Although there has been previous work into music displays of a visual and haptic nature, and on the importance of music in film, there is no documented research on musical enhancement experience in film entertainment. This work focuses on the mood conveyed by film music in order to understand what role it plays in creating the film experience, and also explores the possibility of enhancing those feelings through haptic sensations. Drawing on HCI and interaction design principles, the design of a piece of haptic wearable technology is proposed and used as the tool for user studies. This research contributes to the fields of: HCI, interaction design, user experience design, multimodal interaction, creative technology, wearable technology, haptics, entertainment technology and film music. This work also provides a set of design suggestions to aid future research and designers of haptic sensations for media enhancement. Proposed guidelines are based on a number of empirical findings that describe and explain aspects of audience emotional response to haptics, providing some first evidence that there is a correlation between vibrotactile stimuli (such as frequency and intensity) and perceived feelings.

Non-planar additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as microextrusion 3D printing processes, offer the ability to fabricate conformal electronics with impressive structure and function on curvilinear substrates. Although various available methods offer conformal 3D printing capability on objects with limited geometric complexity, a number of challenges remain to improve feature resolution, throughput, materials compatibility, resultant function and properties of printed components, and application to substrates of varying topography. Hence, the overall objective of this dissertation was to create new non-planar AM processes that are compatible with personalized and anatomical computer-aided design workflows for the fabrication of conformal electronics and form-fitting wearables. After reviewing the current state of knowledge and state of the art, significant challenges in non-planar AM have been identified as: 1) limited non-planar AM path planning capability that synergizes with personalized or anatomical object surface modification, 2) limited approaches for printed and non-printed component integration on non-planar substrates. To address these challenges, a template-based reverse engineering workflow is proposed for conformal 3D printing electronics and form-fitting wearable devices on anatomical structures. This work was organized into three complementary tasks that enhance non-planar AM capabilities: 1） To achieve anatomical tissue-sensor integration, 3D scanning-based point cloud data acquisition and customized 3D printable conductive ink are proposed for capturing the topographical information of patient-specific malformations and integrating conformal sensing electronics across anatomical tissue-device interface. 2） To fabricate conformal antennas on flexible thin-film polymer substrates, a versatile method for microextrusion 3D printing of conformal antennas on thin film-based structures of random topography is proposed to control the ink deposition process across the curvilinear surfaces of freeform Kapton-based origami. 3） To simplify the fabrication process of form-fitting wearable devices with fiber-based form factors and self-powered capability, an innovative 3D printing process is proposed to achieve coaxial multi-material extrusion of metal-elastomer triboelectric fibers. By developing new advanced non-planar printing processes and conformal toolpath programming strategies, the utility of non-planar AM could be further expanded for fabricating various personalized implantable and wearable multi-functional systems, including novel 3D electronics. In summary, this work advances capability in additive manufacturing processes by providing new advances in multi-material extrusion processes and personalized device design and manufacturing workflows. / Doctor of Philosophy / The ability to assemble electronic devices on three-dimensional objects with complex geometry is essential for developing next-generation wearable devices. Additive manufacturing processes, commonly referred to as 3D printing, now offer the ability to fabricate conformal electronics on surfaces and objects with non-planar geometry. This dissertation aims to expand non-planar 3D printing capabilities for applications to objects with anatomical or personalized structures, such as patient-specific malformation and origami. The proposed methods in this dissertation are focused on addressing challenges, such as the acquisition of object 3D topographical data, material selection, and tool path programming for objects that exhibit anatomical geometry. The utility of the proposed methods is demonstrated with practical applications to 3D-printed conformal electronics and wearable devices for monitoring human behavior and organ healthcare. This dissertation contributes to improving manufacturing capability and outcomes of 3D-printed form-fitting wearable and implantable devices. Future work may emphasize developing biocompatible functional ink and toolpath programming algorithms with real-time adaptation capability.

Akzeptanzprobleme gelten als ein Hindernis für die erfolgreiche Entwicklung und Diffusion digitaler Innovationen. Dabei findet das Konzept der Technologieakzeptanz aktuell in Wissenschaft und Praxis primär in der Evaluation Anwendung. Es wird ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur Berücksichtigung dieses Phänomens in der Systementwicklung benötigt. Zielsetzung dieser Forschungsarbeit ist daher die Integration von Akzeptanz als Gestaltungsziel (Acceptance-by-Design) in die Entwicklung mobiler und tragbarer Informationssysteme. Dazu werden zunächst im Rahmen der Entwicklung tragbarer Informationssysteme (1) nutzbringende Anwendungsfälle identifiziert, (2) Einflussfaktoren der Benutzerfreundlichkeit betrachtet und (3) ein ganzheitliches Vorgehen zur Systementwicklung unter der Anwendung des Ansatzes Acceptance-by-Design untersucht. Anschließend werden (4) die Erkenntnisse durch den Transfer auf einen Anwendungsfall für ein mobiles Informationssystem überprüft und erweitert. In einem gestaltungsorientierten Ansatz wird die identifizierte Forschungslücke mit Erkenntnissen aus zwei Anwendungsbeispielen adressiert. Zum einen wird die Anwendung von Smart Glasses in den Prozessen der Intralogistik und Mehrwertdienstleistungen eruiert. Zum anderen erfolgt die Betrachtung einer Analogiekonstruktion durch den Transfer eines mobilen Informationssystems für den technischen Kundendienst auf eine mHealth-Applikation zur Unterstützung medizinischer Dienstleistungen in ländlichen Regionen von Entwicklungsländern. Die vorliegende Dissertation trägt damit zur Wissensbasis der gestaltungsorientierten Wirtschaftsinformatik mit Erkenntnissen zur akzeptanzorientierten Gestaltung von tragbaren und mobilen Informationssystemen bei. Damit entsteht gleichzeitig ein Beitrag zur Wissensbasis der Akzeptanzforschung in Form eines gestaltungsorientierten Ansatzes, um Akzeptanz ganzheitlich in der Systementwicklung zu integrieren. Darüber hinaus wird das Service System Engineering als Teildisziplin der Wirtschaftsinformatik adressiert mit Gestaltungswissen zur Entwicklung von Informationssystemen für die Unterstützung von Dienstleistungsprozessen auf Basis digitaler Innovationen.

Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidas antenas têxteis de micro-ondas para aplicação em sistemas vestíveis, operando nas bandas ISM de 2,45 GHz e 5,8 GHz. Foram compiladas informações sobre o estado da arte em antenas têxteis, sendo realizado um estudo sobre antenas planares de micro-ondas e técnicas de alimentação das mesmas. Foi feita uma prospecção dos processos de fabricação de antenas têxteis de micro-ondas, definindo-se o processo e materiais têxteis usados na construção das antenas desenvolvidas. Procedeu-se à caracterização do tecido usado como substrato das antenas determinando-se suas características eletromagnéticas, utilizadas no projeto das antenas. Foram desenvolvidas antenas de microfita com plaqueta retangular e alimentação por sonda coaxial, para banda ISM de 2,45 GHz. Investigou-se o efeito da espessura do substrato da antena, tendo-se obtido experimentalmente larguras de banda de 4,8% e 6,0% para substratos com 0,7 mm e 1,4 mm de espessura, respectivamente. Foi proposta uma antena de microfita alimentada via acoplamento por proximidade que integra um transformador de um quarto de comprimento de onda ao circuito de alimentação, resultando em alargamento de banda da antena. Essa configuração foi utilizada no projeto de quatro antenas, que demonstraram experimentalmente larguras de banda de 11,2%, 13,4%, 17,0% e 24,0%. Uma configuração de antena têxtil empregando cavidade de um quarto de modo foi proposta para operação em banda dupla, sendo a tecnologia de guia de ondas integrado ao substrato - SIW, empregada em sua fabricação. Foi desenvolvido um procedimento de projeto para essa antena, o qual foi aplicado ao projeto de uma antena de banda dupla para as faixas ISM e 2,45 GHz e 5,8 GHz. Os resultados experimentais demostraram operação em banda dupla, com largura da banda inferior de 9,3%, e largura da banda superior de 9,2%. A antena de cavidade de quarto de modo apresentou as vantagens de maior ganho e menores dimensões relativamente às antenas têxteis de microfita desenvolvidas. De forma geral, os resultados experimentais dos protótipos construídos apresentaram boa concordância com os resultados fornecidos por simulação, demonstrando que as configurações de antenas propostas atenderam a seus objetivos, e a efetividade dos procedimentos de projeto adotado. / In this work, textile microwave antennas for use in wearable systems operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM bands were developed. Information on the state of art in textile antennas were compiled, and a study on microwave planar antennas and feeding techniques was performed. Processes for manufacturing textile microwave antennas were presented, and the fabrication process and textile materials used in this work were defined. The electromagnetic characteristics of the fabric used as antenna substrate were experimentally obtained, and used in the antenna design. Microstrip antennas using rectangular patch and coaxial probe feed were designed to operate at the 2.45 GHz ISM band. The effect of the antenna substrate thickness on the antenna characteristics was investigated, and experimental bandwidths of 4,8% and 6% were demonstrated for antennas with 0.7 mm and 1.4 mm thick substrates, respectively. A microstrip antenna fed by proximity coupling, including a quarter wavelength transformer at the feeding circuit, was proposed, resulting in the widening of the antenna bandwidth. This configuration was used to design four antennas, which experimentally demonstrated bandwidths of 11.2%, 13.4%, 17.0% and 24.0%. A textile antenna configuration employing a fourth mode cavity was proposed for dual band operation. Substrate integrated waveguide technology - SIW, was used for the antenna manufacturing. A design procedure was developed for this antenna, which has been applied to the design of a dual band antenna for the 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM bands. The experimental results of this antenna demonstrated dual band operation, with 9.3% bandwidth at the lower band and 9.2% bandwidth at the higher band. The quarter mode cavity antenna presented the advantages of increased gain and smaller area than the designed textile microstrip antennas. In general, the experimental results of the fabricated prototypes exhibited good agreement with the results provided by simulation, demonstrating that the textile antenna configurations proposed met their expected performance and validating the design procedures adopted.

Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidas antenas têxteis de micro-ondas para aplicação em sistemas vestíveis, operando nas bandas ISM de 2,45 GHz e 5,8 GHz. Foram compiladas informações sobre o estado da arte em antenas têxteis, sendo realizado um estudo sobre antenas planares de micro-ondas e técnicas de alimentação das mesmas. Foi feita uma prospecção dos processos de fabricação de antenas têxteis de micro-ondas, definindo-se o processo e materiais têxteis usados na construção das antenas desenvolvidas. Procedeu-se à caracterização do tecido usado como substrato das antenas determinando-se suas características eletromagnéticas, utilizadas no projeto das antenas. Foram desenvolvidas antenas de microfita com plaqueta retangular e alimentação por sonda coaxial, para banda ISM de 2,45 GHz. Investigou-se o efeito da espessura do substrato da antena, tendo-se obtido experimentalmente larguras de banda de 4,8% e 6,0% para substratos com 0,7 mm e 1,4 mm de espessura, respectivamente. Foi proposta uma antena de microfita alimentada via acoplamento por proximidade que integra um transformador de um quarto de comprimento de onda ao circuito de alimentação, resultando em alargamento de banda da antena. Essa configuração foi utilizada no projeto de quatro antenas, que demonstraram experimentalmente larguras de banda de 11,2%, 13,4%, 17,0% e 24,0%. Uma configuração de antena têxtil empregando cavidade de um quarto de modo foi proposta para operação em banda dupla, sendo a tecnologia de guia de ondas integrado ao substrato - SIW, empregada em sua fabricação. Foi desenvolvido um procedimento de projeto para essa antena, o qual foi aplicado ao projeto de uma antena de banda dupla para as faixas ISM e 2,45 GHz e 5,8 GHz. Os resultados experimentais demostraram operação em banda dupla, com largura da banda inferior de 9,3%, e largura da banda superior de 9,2%. A antena de cavidade de quarto de modo apresentou as vantagens de maior ganho e menores dimensões relativamente às antenas têxteis de microfita desenvolvidas. De forma geral, os resultados experimentais dos protótipos construídos apresentaram boa concordância com os resultados fornecidos por simulação, demonstrando que as configurações de antenas propostas atenderam a seus objetivos, e a efetividade dos procedimentos de projeto adotado. / In this work, textile microwave antennas for use in wearable systems operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM bands were developed. Information on the state of art in textile antennas were compiled, and a study on microwave planar antennas and feeding techniques was performed. Processes for manufacturing textile microwave antennas were presented, and the fabrication process and textile materials used in this work were defined. The electromagnetic characteristics of the fabric used as antenna substrate were experimentally obtained, and used in the antenna design. Microstrip antennas using rectangular patch and coaxial probe feed were designed to operate at the 2.45 GHz ISM band. The effect of the antenna substrate thickness on the antenna characteristics was investigated, and experimental bandwidths of 4,8% and 6% were demonstrated for antennas with 0.7 mm and 1.4 mm thick substrates, respectively. A microstrip antenna fed by proximity coupling, including a quarter wavelength transformer at the feeding circuit, was proposed, resulting in the widening of the antenna bandwidth. This configuration was used to design four antennas, which experimentally demonstrated bandwidths of 11.2%, 13.4%, 17.0% and 24.0%. A textile antenna configuration employing a fourth mode cavity was proposed for dual band operation. Substrate integrated waveguide technology - SIW, was used for the antenna manufacturing. A design procedure was developed for this antenna, which has been applied to the design of a dual band antenna for the 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM bands. The experimental results of this antenna demonstrated dual band operation, with 9.3% bandwidth at the lower band and 9.2% bandwidth at the higher band. The quarter mode cavity antenna presented the advantages of increased gain and smaller area than the designed textile microstrip antennas. In general, the experimental results of the fabricated prototypes exhibited good agreement with the results provided by simulation, demonstrating that the textile antenna configurations proposed met their expected performance and validating the design procedures adopted.