Tipos litológicos basálticos provenientes do maciço de fundação da UHE Canoas I foram submetidas a ensaios de caracterização tecnológica com o propósito do seu emprego como material de construção. Foram determinados os valores dos índices físicos (massa específica, porosidade, absorção d\'água), da velocidade de propagação de ondas ultra-sônicas e efetuados ensaios de compressão uniaxial e diametral, entre outros, além de análises petrográficas. Executaram-se, também, ensaios de alterabilidade acelerada (água-estufa, imersão em etileno-glicol) e de alterabilidade natural, tanto em fragmentos de rocha como em testemunhos de sondagens rotativas. São descritos em maior detalhe, os procedimentos utilizados para a realização do ensaio de alterabilidade natural em testemunhos de sondagens rotativas. Analisa-se a influência de uma feição geológica (caixa de falha com cerca de 10 m de espessura e 20º de ângulo de mergulho), presente na fundação, nas propriedades tecnológicas dos tipos litológicos por ela interceptados. São indicados os tipos litológicos selecionados para a utilização como material de construção. / Basaltic litotypes from the rock mass foundation of Canoas I Hydroelectric Power Plant were submitted to technological characterization tests, in order to verify their suitability as construction material. Physical and mechanical properties (density, porosity, water absorption, ultrasonic velocity, compressive and splitting tensile strength, among others) were determined, besides petrographic analyses. Weatherability tests were also performed, not only through wetting-drying cycles and by immersion in ethylene glycol but by outdoor exposure as well, using crushed and core drilled specimens. Detailed procedures for the weatherability test using core specimens from rotary drilling are given. It is analysed the influence of a geological feature (fault zone, about 10 meters thick and 20 degrees dip), that occurs in the rock mass foundation, on the technological properties of these rocks. Basaltic litotypes selected as construction material are then pointed out.

Le remplacement de monomères d'origine pétrosourcée par des analogues biosourcés améliore la durabilité et diminue la dépendance aux ressources fossiles. De plus, de nouvelles caractéristiques et propriétés sont souvent découvertes. Les polyesters aliphatiques biosourcés ont déjà partiellement remplacé les produits traditionnels. Dans le contexte du projet Sorago, une résine entièrement biosourcée pour les revêtements de prélaquage des produits intérieurs a déjà été introduite sur le marché (Estetic® bio Air, Arcelor Mittal). Pour permettre l'utilisation du produit dans des applications extérieures, sa résistance à la lumière UV et à l'humidité sont à améliorer. Cela pose deux problèmes : Une disponibilité limitée de monomères pouvant introduire de la rigidité dans la résine et la relation entre la structure de la résine et sa dégradation. La vanilline a été choisie comme synthon pour la gamme des monomères rigides et biosourcées. La transformation de sa fonction aldehyde par réaction de Perkin et sa réactivité a été examinée. Dans une série des copolymerisations, l'influence des conditions de réaction sur la composition du produit final a été proposée. Une relation structure-propriétés concernant la température de la transition vitreuse et la viscoélasticité des plusieurs monomères biosourcées a été établie, et comparée avec celle des monomères petrosourcées. Une série des prototypes avec des propriétés très variées a été soumise à un test de vieillissement rapide. Leur dégradation a été suivie sur la base de leur rétention de brillance, par FTIR et par des tests de µ-dureté et d'épaisseur des films. La performance des prototypes biosourcés s'est révélée inférieure à celle d'une résine standard pétrosourcée mais aucune évidence qui suggère que cela est du à la présence des monomères biosourcées n'a été détectée. Cela suggère que la création d'une résine biosourcée et suffisamment durable pour l'extérieur sera possible / Moving away from petroleum and towards biobased materials not only leads to greater sustainability and lower dependence on diminishing fossil resources, but can also catalyse the discovery of new properties. Aliphatic polyesters based on renewable resources have already started to replace traditional products. Within the Sorago project, a fully biobased resin for interior coil coatings has recently been proposed on the market (Estetic® Bio Air, Arcelor Mittal). In order to extend the possible use of the biobased product to exterior applications, an improvement of its resistance to humidity and UV radiation is crucial. This presents two challenges: The limited availability of monomers which provide rigidity in the resin structure and the relationship between the resin composition and its weatherability. Vanillin was chosen as a possible extension to the range of rigid, biobased monomers for polyesterification reactions. The transformation of its aldehyde and its reactivity was studied in terms of catalytic activation and through a series of copolymerisations which revealed the influence of the reaction conditions on the composition of the product. A structure-property relationship concerning the coating glass transition temperature and visco-elastic behaviour of the coating was furthermore established for a series of renewable monomers and contrasted with petroleum based equivalents. Series of prototypes with a wide variety of properties were then subjected to accelerated weathering tests. Their degradation was followed directly by gloss retention and different mechanisms were revealed using FTIR, µ-hardness and film thickness measurements. While the performance of the biobased coating was subpar, no evidence linking its degradation to the presence of renewable monomers was found, suggesting that the creation of a sufficiently durable and renewable exterior coating will be possible

Tipos litológicos basálticos provenientes do maciço de fundação da UHE Canoas I foram submetidas a ensaios de caracterização tecnológica com o propósito do seu emprego como material de construção. Foram determinados os valores dos índices físicos (massa específica, porosidade, absorção d\'água), da velocidade de propagação de ondas ultra-sônicas e efetuados ensaios de compressão uniaxial e diametral, entre outros, além de análises petrográficas. Executaram-se, também, ensaios de alterabilidade acelerada (água-estufa, imersão em etileno-glicol) e de alterabilidade natural, tanto em fragmentos de rocha como em testemunhos de sondagens rotativas. São descritos em maior detalhe, os procedimentos utilizados para a realização do ensaio de alterabilidade natural em testemunhos de sondagens rotativas. Analisa-se a influência de uma feição geológica (caixa de falha com cerca de 10 m de espessura e 20º de ângulo de mergulho), presente na fundação, nas propriedades tecnológicas dos tipos litológicos por ela interceptados. São indicados os tipos litológicos selecionados para a utilização como material de construção. / Basaltic litotypes from the rock mass foundation of Canoas I Hydroelectric Power Plant were submitted to technological characterization tests, in order to verify their suitability as construction material. Physical and mechanical properties (density, porosity, water absorption, ultrasonic velocity, compressive and splitting tensile strength, among others) were determined, besides petrographic analyses. Weatherability tests were also performed, not only through wetting-drying cycles and by immersion in ethylene glycol but by outdoor exposure as well, using crushed and core drilled specimens. Detailed procedures for the weatherability test using core specimens from rotary drilling are given. It is analysed the influence of a geological feature (fault zone, about 10 meters thick and 20 degrees dip), that occurs in the rock mass foundation, on the technological properties of these rocks. Basaltic litotypes selected as construction material are then pointed out.