Thesis (M.S.) in Forestry--University of Maine, 2003. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-68).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

A disease, causing severe flagging of young western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.), was investigated at Hill Siding and Arrow Park, British Columbia. The primary symptom of the disease was flagging of twigs, resulting from a rapid necrosis of terminal shoots and less commonly from girdling-lesions on 2-year-old growth. A small percentage of the severely flagged trees died. Damaging effects of the disease were confined to trees under 40 years of age and to stand forms with a higher than average component of white pine in the susceptible age class. Efforts to isolate the causal fungus yielded 22 fungi in culture, only two of which occurred with sufficient frequency to warrant further study, an unknown fungus "B” and Pullularia pullulans (deBary) Berkhout. A search for fructifications associated with the disease revealed apothecia of a Tympanis, very similar to those of Tympanis pithya (Karst.) Karst., to be associated with 16 per cent of a random sample of 425 flagged twigs. The pycnidia of the imperfect stage of Tympanis sp. occurred less commonly. Spore cultures from Tympanis apothecia were different from those of any of the 22 fungi isolated in tissue culture and it seemed probable that Tympanis occurred as a pioneer saprophyte on killed twigs. External signs of Pullularia pullulans occurred commonly in the form of erumpent sclerotia, and external hyphae with resting spores. A scale insect, resembling Matsucoccus sp., was found at a high infestation level in one stand and less commonly in the remaining stands. Reasons for discounting the insect as a primary causal agent of flagging are outlined. Field inoculations with Pullularia pullulans and greenhouse inoculations with Pullularia pullulans and the unknown fungus "B" produced questionable results with the latter fungus, but indicated Pullularia pullulans to be pathogenic under the conditions imposed by the experiment. Results of inoculation experiments are snmmarized in four tables. The historical background and cultural description of Pullularia pullulans is outlined. Experimental and observational evidence suggests that the fungus is one of the causal agents, and probably the primary agent for the flagging. On the basis of the limited damage caused by the flagging and the sporadic occurrence of the susceptible stand form, control measures are deemed unwarranted. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Thirty-seven seedlots of western white pine (Pi nus mont i col a Doug. ex. D. Don) were tested for frost hardiness to determine how transferable seed would be from different seed sources within white pine's coast and interior ranges in British Columbia. Twenty-nine seedlots represented the coast and interior of British Columbia (BC), two were from coastal United States (US), three were from interior US and three were hybrids between interior US and interior BC parents. Detached needles were exposed to a series of freezing temperatures in a programable freezer and relative hardiness was calculated as the length of injured needle expressed as a percentage of total needle length 10 days after freezing. Seasonal progress in hardening was tested using five dates in the autumn of 1989. Seedlings were maintained at the University of British Columbia nursery. Testing also was carried out from samples collected on separate dates from Nakusp in the BC interior and from Ladysmith, a coastal BC site. There was a statistically significant (p<0.0l) regional difference between the BC coast and BC interior sources in all test runs, excluding the first UBC run and the Ladysmith run. In the runs where regions differed significantly, the difference in percent damage response of needles to freezing was approximately 20%. Measurements of shoot growth phenology were planned as an additional component of growth rhythm. Injury from uncontrolled freezing forced a change of objective to evaluation of genetic differences in recovery from freezing. Those evaluations did not reveal genetic differences in recovery. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

No description available.

Data from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (nrITS) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) have failed to resolve phylogenetic relationships in Pinus. To provide greater interspecific resolution, five low-copy nuclear genes were developed from mapped conifer anchor loci. Four genes were sequenced from species representing all Pinus subsections. Individual loci do not uniformly support the nrITS or cpDNA hypotheses. Combined analysis of low-copy nuclear loci produces a well-supported subsectional topology. The phylogenetic positions of P. nelsonii and P. krempfii are of systematic interest. Results strongly support P. nelsonii as sister to sect. Parrya, and suggest a moderately well-supported position of P. krempfii as sister to the remaining sect. Quinquefoliae. The most informative locus, a Late Embryogenesis Abundant-like gene, was used to explore phylogenetic relationships among closely related species in subg. Strobus. Thirty-nine species were sequenced, with two or more alleles representing 33 species. Nineteen of 33 species exhibited allelic nonmonophyly in the strict consensus tree. Nucleotide diversity was strongly associated (P<0.0001) with the degree of species monophyly. While species nonmonophyly complicates phylogenetic interpretations, this locus offers greater topological support than cpDNA or nrITS. Lacking evidence for hybridization, recombination, or imperfect taxonomy, incomplete lineage sorting remains the best explanation for trans-species polymorphisms. The absence of allelic coalescence is a severe constraint in the application of phylogenetic methods in Pinus, and taxa sharing similar life history traits may show analogous patterns. While lack of coalescence may limit their utility in traditional phylogenetics, nuclear genes remain highly informative in describing speciation events. Pinus chiapensis is a threatened species originally described as a variety of P. strobus. Prior morphological work suggests P. chiapensis is a distinct species, but that taxonomy is not universally accepted. Multiple accessions of three probable progenitors were sequenced at three nuclear loci. No interspecific allele sharing occurs with P. chiapensis, and its alleles are monophyletic at two loci. Results demonstrate that P. chiapensis is a distinct species. However, determination of the sister species is complicated by lack of species monophyly and interlocus variability. Pinus ayacahuite is the least likely progenitor, but the relationship of P. chiapensis to P. monticola or P. strobus is unclear. / Graduation date: 2006

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2001. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-48). Also available on the World Wide Web.

No description available.

No description available.

This study was designed to investigate the repellent effects of pineoil on the Sitka spruce weevil (=white pine weevil), Pissodes strobi Peck, and to evaluate the utility of large scale color aerial photography for detecting weevil attacked Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.. Two formulations of pineoil, BBR1 and BBR2, were field tested for their effect in protecting immature Sitka spruce from weevil attack in 36 twenty meter square plots at two locations on Vancouver Island. The pineoil formulations were applied both topically to the terminal leaders and in slow release devices hung at the apical whorl of Sitka spruce trees. The topical application of BBR1 to the leaders of all trees in the plots reduced the number of new weevil attacks to two trees compared with 24 new attacks in the control plots. None of the other pineoil treatments were found to differ significantly from the controls. An examination of the weevil attack history in the study plots showed that the average number of new weevil attacks in the pineoil treated plots were proportionately lower than the number of new attacks in the control plots. These findings suggest that applications of BBR1 to the terminal leaders of Sitka spruce trees will protect them from attack by P. strobi. Large scale color infra-red (CIR) and normal color (NC) aerial photograph stereo transparencies were evaluated for their utility in detecting weevil attacks in immature Sitka spruce stands. Four independent interpreters correctly identified an average of 38% more weeviled trees on CIR film than on NC film during a 1 minute test period. More errors were made by the interpreters with CIR film than with NC film. Interpreter errors made with CIR film were mainly due to a lack of ability to discriminate between new weevil attacks and attacks made the previous year. Errors made with NC film were due mainly to misidentifying healthy trees as new weevil attacks. These findings suggest that for the purpose of detecting weevil attacked Sitka spruce trees, CIR aerial photographs would be both faster and more accurate than NC photographs. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate