CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A tecnologia para conversÃo onshore da energia eÃlica em eletricidade està consolidada, o desafio atual à fazer com que a exploraÃÃo offshore siga a mesma trajetÃria. A UniÃo Europeia produz energia eÃlio-elÃtrica offshore desde 1991, com capacidade instalada superior a 9 GW ao final de 2014. O Brasil ainda nÃo possui usinas offshore, e sÃo poucos os estudos neste sentido. A premissa para exploraÃÃo dos ventos para produÃÃo de eletricidade à conhecer o perfil do vento na regiÃo de interesse. Esta tese tem como objetivo estabelecer uma metodologia capaz de estimar o potencial eÃlico offshore do CearÃ, atravÃs do estudo de anos caracterizados pela presenÃa dos fenÃmenos El NiÃo e El NiÃa, em perÃodos considerados extremos: seco e chuvoso. Foi realizada uma modelagem numÃrica utilizando o modelo de mesoescala RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Model System) com resoluÃÃo de 2 km, com o qual foram simulados perÃodos com presenÃa dos fenÃmenos El NiÃo e La NiÃa, bem como um ano Neutro, para a identificaÃÃo dos mÃximos e mÃdias de velocidade do vento no litoral cearense. O modelo de microescala WAsP (Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program) foi utilizado para a elaboraÃÃo de micro sÃtios para quatro estudos de caso ao longo da costa cearense. As cidades escolhidas foram IcapuÃ, Lagoinha, Camocim e Flecheiras, localizadas em regiÃes distintas ao longo da costa do litoral cearense, para as quais foram apresentadas a distribuiÃÃo de Weibull, a densidade de potÃncia, a velocidade do vento e a produÃÃo de energia de cada Ãrea. Os resultados indicam uma velocidade mÃdia do vento acima de 8 m/s para a estaÃÃo seca, nos trÃs perÃodos avaliados. A direÃÃo do vento predominante na estaÃÃo seca foi de Leste para Oeste e a intensidade de turbulÃncia foi menor na estaÃÃo seca do ano de El NiÃo. Verificou-se que a costa leste do estado do Cearà possui os maiores Ãndices de velocidade mÃdia e mÃxima do vento. Camocim, a cidade que representou esta regiÃo, apresentou um fator de capacidade para o ano neutro de 57,49%, acima dos encontrado para as outras cidades analisadas. No parque eÃlico estimado para Camocim de 90 MW, com fator de capacidade de cerca de 50%, a produÃÃo anual ultrapassou 400 GWh. A batimetria do estado do Cearà à rasa e as grandes embarcaÃÃes trafegam a uma distÃncia considerÃvel da costa. / The technology for conversion into electricity of onshore wind energy is rather consolidated; the challenge now is to make the offshore exploitation to follow the same course. The European Union produces offshore wind power since 1991, exceeding 9 GW of installed power at the end of 2014. Brazil, on the contrary, does not have any offshore wind power plant and there are few studies in this direction. The exploitation of wind power production requires as a premise the knowledge of the profile of the wind in the region of interest. The objective of this thesis is to apply a methodology able to estimate the offshore wind potential of the coast of the State of CearÃ, in Brazil, through the study of characteristic years marked by the presence of the El NiÃo and El NiÃa phenomena in periods considered extremes, dry and wet. An investigation using the mesoscale numerical model RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) was performed, with resolution of 2 km, taking into consideration periods with presence of El NiÃo and La NiÃa phenomena, as well as a Neutral year with the absence of these phenomena. The simulation results presented the maxima and averages of wind speed and the prevailing wind direction on the coast of the State of CearÃ. The microscale model WAsP (Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program) was used for the evaluation of microsites of four case studies along the coast of CearÃ. The chosen cities were IcapuÃ, Lagoinha, Camocim and Flecheiras, located in different regions along the coast of CearÃ, for which they were presented the Weibull distribution, power density, wind speed and the energy production of each area. The results indicated an average wind speed above 8 m/s in the dry season, in the three evaluated periods. The direction of the prevailing wind in the dry season was from East to West and the turbulence intensity was lower in the dry season of El NiÃo year. It was found that the eastern coast of Cearà has the highest rates of average and maximum wind speed. Camocim, the city representing this region, presented a capacity factor in the neutral year of 57.49 %, above the figures found to the other cities analyzed. The annual energy production of an estimated wind power plant of 90 MW in Camocim, with capacity factor of about 50%, exceeded 400 GWh. Bathymetry of the State of Cearà is shallow and large ships travel at a considerable distance from the coast.

The aim of this thesis is to assess how the configuration of linear and non-linearwind resource grids impacts the optimization.Three different software tools are used for this study: WAsP (linear model) includedin WindPRO, and WindSim (a non-linear model) - a CFD tool, and WindPRO forthe optimization. With the same configuration for wind resources, WAsP andWindSim will run to calculate the wind resource grids, .rsf or .wrg format, whichwill be compared in the post processing tab of WindPRO (from CFD interface).Using different optimization algorithms, the results from two software will becompared. The test site is flat terrain in the sea with no complexity (0,0002roughness and no orography or obstacle), and the chosen turbine here is Enercon40.3 (55m hub height, with the rated power at 14 m/s), and the wind is coming fromone direction, in our case North, which means sector 0.After comparison of the resource files from linear and non-linear wind resourcegrids, the optimization and comparison is ran for the two wind resource grids (linearand non-linear). The results of the optimization are also compared with optimizationresults of Eftun Yilmaz’s thesis (Eftun Yilmaz, 2013). We can see from the resultsthat WindSim gives almost 40% bigger values for the production. The results arecomparable with findings of Eftun Yilmaz thesis.